Georgian Military Road - nhoroondo uye modernity. State, motokari, ekunze, ndokupfuura nzvimbo pamepu Georgian Military Road

Georgian Military Road ndiyo chaiyo urefu 192 makiromita. Muna 1799, maererano waichengetwa Directories pairi kuchinja risina kumiswa kutaurirana. Mileage Kunoonekwa munzira. Kana uchida kuenda netsoka kana nebhazi, unogona kuona imwe chena signpost. Divi rimwe nerimwe nenzvimbo makiromita kubva Tbilisi uye Ordzhonikidze. Pano rinobva vokuGeorgia Military Road, iro rine mepu iri mumabhuku.

tsananguro

Georgian Military Road (mufananidzo pasi apa) anomhanya kuburikidza mana administrative mumaruwa nyika: Tbilisi, Dusheti, Mtskheta uye Kazbek. Zvinoumba hwevanhu date munzvimbo rinoreva idzodzo ethnographic sezvo Mtiuleti, Kartli uye Mohevi. The chikuru rokurwa veko ndiyo zvokurima uye mhuka minda. Zvino misha yakawanda zvikuru mashandiro madiki kuti vari mubasa kubudiswa chicherwa yakatsvuka zvinhu uye zvirimwa.

ano mikana

Georgian Military Road nhasi ndiyo nzira kubva Ordzhonikidze kusvikira Tbilisi, kana vakutarisire. 5:00 - iyi ndiyo nguva kunonyanyisa iyo inogona kukunda, mukuwedzera, chitsvene-nyore. Enzanisa: kureba njanji anenge 1400 makiromita, uye kuita rwendo rwakadaro, zvingatora maawa 35.

The nzira anotanga mumupata rwizi Terek, ipapo hunopfuura payo, inopfuura mawere uye mumipata, nenhokwe kuna Cross Pass. Georgian Military Road ichimuremera paMupata Aragvi, pano anobvawo Mletsky dzinza. Zvino anowedzera uye anova wakapamhama. Kurutivi unogona kuona sandarara noruvazhe, Dziine neminda uye minda. Zvadaro kuruboshwe, ipapo chaipo chikamupenyera misha yakasiyana. Uyezve, kundosangana yekare guta guru Georgia - Mtseha. Amboita Kutama mhiri Kura, vafambi vasvike Tbilisi. Scenic runako, anoshamisa makomo - izvi zvose zvinoita kundorondedzera vokuGeorgia Military Road nhasi. Mamiriro ekunze unochinja, nezuva rakajeka unogona kuona zvose runako nzvimbo.

nhoroondo mashoko

Sezvo makarekare yaizivikanwa nzira anomhanya kuburikidza mumupata Aragvi uye Terek. In yaMakoronike dzekare kutaurwa pamusoro mugwagwa uyu. In rondedzero pamusoro Iberia Greek wenhau Strabo akanyora nezvazvo sezvo ngozi uye chakaoma gomo nzira. Vafambi, uyo akamboda kuenda nzira iyi, aiva nengozi rwendo. Taifanira vanokwira achitevedza nzira, saka yakatetepa kuti vakasununguka aputse vanhu vaviri zvakanga zvisingaiti. The nhare iri muna Daryal Gorge, ari kupfuura dzisingambosvikiki uye rakamanikana bhendi. Iyi nzvimbo chakazozivikanwa se "pagedhi Georgia." Nokusimbisa ichi chiri yaMakoronike. Vanoti kuti marudzi anongofamba kubva rwokumusoro aigara akavhiringidza. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, Chirevo rimwe vokuGeorgia madzimambo narrowest chikamu rokumupata Darubal dzateyiwa mabwe. Gare gare musi mumwe nhare yakanga matunhu mawere. namasuwo Wooden, simbi-vakasungwa, akaturikwa pamusoro girenayiti matombo pedyo nayo. "Darian" mumutauro Persian rinoreva "Gedhi Alans". Nechekare pakutanga yaitonga yedu Alans vakagara pamusoro eCaucasus. Ivo dzakarwiwa tisanzwa hondo pamwe Iberia, iyo yakavakirwa kuGeorgia, nokuti nhaka gomo pemipata. Izvi runoratidzwa munhoroondo. Vanhu vanodana rokumupata Aragviyskimi gedhi. Matongo ane nhare yekare raichimbova uto kukosha, akachengetedzwa kuti mazuva edu. Georgian Military Road zvino riri pakati picturesque maonero. Munziramo unogona kuyemura chikamu kumabvazuva rusvingo, unonzi "The Castle pamusoro Tamara".

budiriro

The ukoshi kuti akanga vokuGeorgia Military Road, kwakawedzera pamusoro nguva. In feudal nguva, ichatonga zvine mbiri nyika basa rayo sezvo basa nzira kwakawedzera zvikuru. Muzana XVIII remakore noukama Russian-Georgian vava pedyo, pamwe haizopereri paumbwe uto kwomubatanidzwa. Ipapo vakatanga inotevera chokutambudzika penzira kukura. Paitonga Catherine II Russian muchiuto vakatumirwa Georgia, apo panguva musazonetsanazve Russian-Turkish varwi Georgian vakatora chikamu mukurwisa vokuTurkey muSouth eCaucasus. Panguva iyi, njanji yakanga ine muzvinhu zvose. The nzira pamwe akanga aiwanzopiwa wokushanda pamwe basa rakaoma uye kutambisa guru nguva. Somuenzaniso, muna 1799 ari kure Vladikavkaz kuna Tbilisi Russian yokuzviparadzanisa pasi murayiro General Lazarev akakunda mazuva anopfuura 30.

kukosha

Pashure paumbwe dzimwe mbiri 'mubatanidzwa Georgian Military Road yava kunyanya zvine urongwa kukosha. Panguva iyoyo ainzi "Daryal". It atanga chirongwa rokuvakazve, izvo zvaida mari wandei. Kuchengetedza vafambi zvose pamusoro mumugwagwa akatanga kuonekwa masvingo. The redoubt yokutanga yakavakwa pakutanga chaipo. Nemamiriro kwaisanganisira nokusimbiswa yokurinda uye yemauto, izvo dzichengeterwe rwokudzivirira ravarwi. Akaisa pedyo nomugwagwa emabhawa, muzorore apo vafambi vaneta vaigona kudya pamberi kuenda shure parwendo rurefu. Military masvingo akadana redoubts, akapa zita kugarwa Redant. Kumaodzanyemba rakavakwa Dzheharovskaya nhare. matongo ayo zviri akachengetedzawo nanhasi. In yokutanga yezana XIX remakore ari Daryal Gorge akavaka rumwe rusvingo aiendeswa boka revarwi zvechiuto. The omukati kunge akanyangarika zvachose, apo masvingo vachiri vakamira. Dusheti kumusha mugwagwa akaunzwa 1859. Pashure pemakore mana, mairi vachinzi ayo yepamutemo buri. Ipapo akasimuka zita rayo kuitika panzvimbo aimbova.

Of chaizvo kukosha panguva WWII

Georgian Military Road akaita basa rinokosha muHondo Yenyika II. Raiva yokudimburira unobva South Caucasus uye Caucasus. Georgia aiva pasi yakakuwandira ari yechiFascist nechisimba German. Varwi achidzivirira Ordzhonikidze, vakaurayiwa. Munzvimbo yakabatana Georgian Military Highway kumavirira nokumusoro, rakanga kurwa kupfuura ropa uye kunotyisa. Munzvimbo idzi zvakanzi vakatakura hondo umhare nokuda eCaucasus. Kurutivi rwezasi kumahombekombe Terek River uye Urukh akanga akasarudzwa mumwe mitsetse. Wakabuda nani paumbwe yechiFascist nechisimba German. Mushure mauto akabata chikamu Maikop uye North Caucasus, vakaedza kuenda kuminda mafuta Grozny uye dzinopaza Baku, uye kubva ipapo nemigwagwa nemauto - kuGeorgia.

Background uye vavariro zvokubatanidza

George bhuku akapedzisa pakupera ari XVIII remakore, akagadzira Russian protectorate pamusoro Eastern Georgia. Iri pedyo kunyika chibvumirano kwakadaro kwakaita sefungu yokusagutsikana. Kwaikurudzirwa Turkey Dagestan zvikwata kwakakurumbira kuronga kunoparadza vachirwisa. Muna 1795, hondo wePersia akakunda Tbilisi, vakapamba uye akapisa pasi. akanga umambo akatyisidzirwa nokuparadzwa. Population kuderera kwasvika yakaoma iyi. Mambo wokupedzisira wokuGeorgia kumanikidzwa kukumbira rubatsiro kubva hurumende yeRussia kuti aponese hurumende kubva pakuparadzwa dzinouraya uye kutsakatika.

The mukunopera

Muna 1801, Georgia pakupedzisira akabatana Russia. The Manifesto yakanga yakasainwa musi uyu September rechi12. Pakadaro, raiva bedzi chichapedza nyika, nekuti vanhu kurwiswa varanda Persia uye Turkey. Panguva iyoyo, zvechitendero uye zvetsika kukura maviri inoti akanga kupfuura yakafanana, ukuwo chechetere. Uyezve, Russia ane simba zvakafanira kuti akakwanisa kusika zvakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu kukura zvibereko ehondo Georgian ehurumende uye vanobatana zvakasiyana ndima.

nenzvimbo zvinhu

Hwokumusoro nzvimbo nzira anomhanya kuburikidza ethnographic munharaunda Khevi. Izvi shoko mururimi wokuGeorgia rinoreva "mupata". Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanhu veko akadana kanjoni-varume kana mohevtsami. Zvino dunhu ndokwenguva nzvimbo dzinopfuura 1,000 mativi makiromita. It Anotambanudza vomumusha Upper Lars kuMuchinjikwa Pass. Vagari - vanenge 9000 vanhu. Maererano yaiona mitemo Heavy ndowenyika Kazbegi wedunhu, izvo zvinosanganisira kanzuru maviri nezvina Ossetian Georgian musha. Kazbegi ndiyo muzinda mudunhu. Tichishandisa ichangopfuura, iye akakwanisa mamiriro guta. Mumakore Kazbegi anotungamirira makore gumi apfuura vachiri akasarudzwa kuva musha. The dzokutanga kugarwa mudunhu, riri rokumupata pamusoro Sno Gudashaurskoy Aragvi uye Terek. Ivo yakatanga kare kare munguva yedu. emakore anoverengeka akapfuura dunhu Heavy waibatanidzwa Duchy pamusoro Aragvi. Gare gare, yakashandurwa kuva akazvimirira nzvimbo uye akatsemura munzvimbo dzakawanda. Ukuru pakati pavo vaiva kudunhu Edo, nzvimbo yaiva St. Stephen - zita vekare netaundi Kazbegi. Zvinonzi kwakabatana zita mumongi akanga kamwe akaponesa vagere mumusha from mafashamo.

zvekushandisa budiriro

Muna 1814, motokari iri vokuGeorgia Military Highway rakaitirwa kuti mavhiri motokari. Gare gare, akanga akaronga nokukurumidza, e-mail shoko akasungwa Tiflis kuna St. Petersburg. Makore makumi maviri gare gare, pamwe nenzira iyi risina kumiswa bhiza mabha- basa rakarongwa. Kuramba kugara uye njodzi ndima aifanira kugara igadziridzwe. Chii ndaiva panguva iyoyo vokuGeorgia Military Road? Status of vanopfuura panguva yakafanira pamwero rinotsigirwa veko. kunyanya ngozi uye zvakaoma kukurira kunzvimbo kumativi ari Daryal Gorge vari. Panguva iyi, zvinowanzoitika mananara akadai chando kufamba kwemhepo uye avalanches. Kudzivirira vafambi kuyambuka zvinorwarisa vematunhu, aifanira kuvaka chesamende maberere.

The yakakurumbira Nokutonga

Zvakananga seri vanopfuura pamawere chaizvo mugwagwa. Ndicho yakakurumbira Mletsky dzinza. Anobva zvinopfuura 200 metres kumupata rwizi Aragvi. Muitiro wayo kuvaka kwakatanga muna sixties remakore rapfuura. Kutungamirira chirongwa akarayira Bi Statkovskogo. Mushure injiniya vakadzoka vachibva rwendo Western Europe, iye akapa zano kuti vavakezve mugwagwa Chigaro. Basa akabvumirwa. Kuvakwa kwemakore matanhatu. Mletsky dzinza yakavakwa wakaoma chaizvo uye ngozi ezvinhu. Vavaki aifanira kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda kuti kutema matanho mumatombo, izvo zvinogona nechivimbo kuramba takatsiga uye basa. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinoguma akafanira kurumbidzwa. Mletsky dzinza ndiwo muenzaniso engineering uri zvarinoita kumeso pomugwagwa mitsetse. Panoperera anoburukira pane tsime rine pool.

iyezvino chaizvoizvo

Kubvira 2006, rakanyorwa Russia Georgian Military Road rakavharwa kuti isingazivikanwi nguva. Wevakadzidza chikonzero kuturika chokufambisa semupi vavakezve panzvimbo. Kutaura zvazviri kusiya Russian Federation kuna Georgia mu mugwagwa chokufambisa nzira pamutemo akanga zvisingabviri. Muna 2010, kudzorwa kamuri yakatanga kushanda zvakare. Nokuti Armenia, kuvhurika pamiganhu uye resumption kukurukurirana iri rinokosha. Georgian Military Road vakasununguka zvakare, uye pamusoro nechetatu zvokuvhoterwa dzowokwake zvinogona zvifambiswe chete pamusoro payo.