Vodka: sezvamunoita. Makemikari anoumba uye muviri ukoshi vodka

Vodka zvimwe ndiyo nevakawanda chinodhaka ose kudya uye mhemberero. Inoitwa ethyl doro, iyo anatswa pakusachena, rakasanganiswa nemvura. Vodka, ane akafanana vanofanira ane 40 muzana doro, ngaave yokuvirisa. Kazhinji muchero uyu, michero, zvinonhuwira zvimwe zvinhu. The anokudzwa yokuzvinatsa kunotungamirira munhu chigadzirwa kuti, kusiyana analoginen, haakonzeri hangovers. Asi ichi ndicho vodka, murwiyo icho zvechokwadi anogona kunzi Qualitative chete.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Musi chaiwo kwakabva chinodururwa haisi. Asi fungidzira nguva yokuzvarwa anogona kunzi 14-15 remakore. Zvino pamusoro munharaunda Russian wehurumende. Naizvozvo, vose Zvinotaurwa dzimwe nyika vasina simba. Muna 1982, kuyananisa remarudzi vakacherechedza drink uyu dzinozivikanwa Russian. Muzana remakore rechi14 Genoese vamiririri kuna waini Russian doro. Izvi zvakanga hwaro zvose anozivikanwa zvinwiwa rurefu simba. A zvokunwa zvakagadzirwa Russia nokuda ethyl doro, iyo vakagamuchira zita "vodka". Pakati pezana remakore rechi15, kukohwa zviyo yasvika kusingaenzaniswi dzakakwirira. Export wewaini yakagara kubva Byzantium amira. Inguva shanduko pakuburitswa nedoro. Sezvinoratidzwa nenhoroondo uye ngano vanoti, anenge 1430 mumongi pamusoro Chudov akasika aiitwa chaiwo Russian vodka. Kuti aite izvi, aiva zvose zvinhu: ruzivo uye michina. Asi Mendeleev akatanga pfungwa uye rokuti pamusoro bhodhoro - vanenge 40%. Iye haagari nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa vodka. Akazvizivisa akaita unhu magadzirirwo bvumidzwa.

Properties kuti vodka zvakanaka

Havasi vose vodka, izvo unogona kuwana pamusoro echiShinto anganzi Qualitative. Zvose zvinoenderana mugadziri uye zvokubikisa kushandiswa. Vorudzii zviratidzo vanofanira unhu chigadzirwa? Chekutanga, ndiko usingaoneki, nemamwe munuhwi. A akanaka chigadzirwa hakuna kunzwa kunhuwa. Chechipiri, ndiko munyoro kuravira. The Zvinoumba vodka wayo kugadzirwa vanofanira zvinodiwa zvose ano. On kunaka chigadzirwa chayo kavha rinoti. Cork uye chivharo vanofanira kukodzera naka kusvika muguchu, nokutsikisa musi bottling - pachena verengeka. Panguva pasi Bhodhoro hakufaniri precipitate. Yakarurama Zvinoumba vodka runoita kuti yakachena pachena chinwiwa,. Zvakawanda zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zviri Bhodhoro kunoratidza kushandiswa murombo-yepamusoro mvura, kana kuvapo tsvina. Chikwata anofanira hazvo kuva ruzivo pamusoro mugadziri, ake kuonana mashoko uye bumbiro rine 7-10 digits. Anofanira kuva ruzivo pamusoro advertising uye kugadzirwa rezinesi.

The Zvinoumba vodka

Pakusarudza unhu anokosha chaizvo zvinoriumba zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira. The Zvinoumba vodka, kana iwe haufaniri kupinda zvinokosha kemisitiri, ndiyo mvura uye doro. Kazhinji kushandisa mhando nhatu doro. Chokutanga mhando rinobva zviyo kana matapiri, uye ane anokudzwa yokuzvinatsa. Uyezve pane marudzi akasiyana uye imwe hwokusanyara, wakaita kubva vakasarudzwa zviyo. Ekupedzisira vaviri vanonzi zvakanakisisa. It inoita basa rinokosha, uye mvura unhu. Vagadziri Good yaro kare anatswa munyu uye netsvina. Kana pasuru iri ruzivo pamusoro rokuchenesa sirivha, rinotaura pamusoro kwemvura. Kana Chikwata inoti "Yakanatswa mukaka", rinoreva zvakawanda kwokupedzisira chigadzirwa.

The dhigirii yokuzvinatsa doro

The doro zvakanaka unhu rinobudiswa kubva musanganiswa zviyo uye matapiri kana mumwe chirungiso yoga. Uyewo kuti ichi chinangwa, molasses, shuga bhiti uye mbishi shuga. Pane zvakawanda dhigirii doro acheneswe. Zvinobikwa mugiredhi wokutanga 96 muzana wakakombwa. Higher kuchenesa zvazvingava rinosanganisira 96,2% muzana. The mhando yakanakisisa doro - Extra uye Suite - vari ukuwo, 96,5 uye 69,3 muzana. Uyewo kusiyanisa zvakawanda zvokurapa uye anhydrous doro.

mvura yokunatsa

The Zvinoumba vodka zvinosanganisira mvura fanira. Asi ichi hachisi munhuwo mvura kubva pombi, uye chaiwo, isina tsvina. Kuti mvura ndiyo yakanaka kugadzirwa vodka, nekuti zvakakodzera kubvisa munyu. nzira Izvi zvichaita kuti manyoro. Dzimwe zvakafanira kuti kunatsa zvachose ose okunze mvura. Pashure kuti yakazara microelements. Michina iyi inoshandiswa kugadzirwa mvura yokunwa uye chicherwa mvura. Saka, mashoko pamusoro achinatsa sirivha inoratidza vapfume nemvura ions yacho simbi.

yokuvirisa

Vagadziri akawanda kwakamboitwa Russian vodka mamwe zvinoriumba kana yokuvirisa. Izvi zvinoitika nezvikonzero zvakasiyana. Chekutanga, ndizvo chido kusimbisa chigadzirwa yako uye kuti zvinoshamisa. Makwikwi pamisika doro kwakakomba uye akashandisa zvose nzira mukurwa nokuda mutengi. Chechipiri, vakawanda okuwedzera zvinhu kunatsa vodka, zvichiita kuravidza manyoro. Izvi anovandudza zvibereko. Uye yokupedzisira chinhu, asi kwete kupfuura dzinofadza, ari kuedza kuvanza zvinokanganiswa vodka, ayo kunaka uye unhu. Naizvozvo, pfungwa iri zviratidzo izvi kana kwete, semunhu nyaya. Huru zvinoriumba, dzinoshandiswa yokuvirisa vari cucumber acid, uchi, upfu mukaka, shuga, kubika pasoda, acetic asidhi uye potassium permanganate. Vamwe vagadziri vanoshandisa yavaibvisa acetate uye yavaibvisa hydrogencarbonate. Pakusarudza chirungiso kunobva mhando kana muchiso kuti vodka. Kakawanda kushandisa uchi. It chinotarisirwa mune Zvinoumba vodka kuburikidza pakubvisa nemvura yakachena. chikamu ichi kunoita chigadzirwa manyoro.

kupatsanura pakati vodka

Zvichienderana nokuwanda "nokukurumidza" vodka yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina. Izvi 40, 45, 50 uye 56 muzana. mumunda doro nyanzvi mugovane kuramba makirasi mana: upfumi, mureza, shoma uye Super shoma. Okupedzisira makirasi maviri - ichi vapfumi zvinwiwa. Vari ne yokuisvonaka uye kukoshesa. Nokuti gadziriro yavo anoshandisa chete akanakisisa mhando doro uye nokungwarira kucheneswa nemvura. Munguva kunyatsoongorora kunaka vodka inoshandisa mhando mbiri zviratidzo. First - izvi kutsinga dzinouya zvinhu, izvo zvinosanganisira kwakanaka, zvakajeka uye kuravira. Boka rechipiri - Analytical zviratidzo. Pane zvidzidzo rabhoritari kuferefeta uye kuona alkalinity, kuvapo nouipi uye chikamu doro tigutsikane.

Aqua regia nhoroondo

tsananguro rokutanga aqua regia akazviratidza muzana remakore rechi14. Hydrochloric asidhi ndisingazikamwi vanhu. A nzira kubudisa chinwiwa DISTILLATION akapa alum nezvakavhenganiswa, mhangura sulfate, Ammonium chloride uye Ammonium nitrate. The Nzira yechipiri - kongiri kuti nitric uye hydrochloric acid, akarondedzerwa muna 1597 godu alchemist Andreas Libavius. Pamusana aqua regia vakakwanisa kuita zvakawanda zvakawanwa mu alchemy, paiva kukura zivo pamusoro nemakemikari uye zvinhu.

Properties aqua regia

Chii aqua regia? Zvinoumba acids chimwiwa ichi anokupa pamwe nedzimwe nzvimbo. Aqua regia - musanganiswa acids maviri, nitric uye hydrochloric acid, ari reshiyo imwe kusvika matatu. Uyu ndiwo mumwe akasimba oxidants. Uku kunoratidzwa kuburikidza nitrosyls chloride. Freshly wakagadzirirwa "vodka" Hauoneki. Chinguvana pashure aroora ane orenji tint. The runoratidza emura iri kunhuhwa yakasimba kuiisa chlorine uye senitrogen dioxide. Musanganiswa rakagadzirirwa pakarepo asati kushandiswa. Aqua regia, rinoumbwa acids, zvatakurukura kumusoro, pamusoro nguva anorasikirwa yaro oxidizing zvivako uye uchiora.

Kushandiswa aqua regia

Apo zvokunwa inoshandiswa? Aqua regia, akafanana, kushandiswa iri vakasiyana kwakajairika kunwa doro, anoshandiswa mumarabhoritari somunhu reagent. Rinoshandiswa rokuchenesa glassware kubva Organic zvinhu. It rinoshandiswawo nokuda kuongorora anokosha simbi kugadzirira simbi chlorides mune dzimwe kuedza. Makemikari Zvinoumba vodka hwoumambo inobvumira kuiparadza sekwaserera nesimbi, Platinum, palladium uye ndarama, kunyange panguva nenzvimbo tembiricha. Gold urwa mu aqua regia pa 10 m / min. Nokuti etching ruthenium kunoda oxygen. Izvi zvinoumba maviri somugumisiro rokuumba geksahlororutenievuyu acid. Hazvigoni zvazvichanyungudutswa aqua regia sirivha. Izvi imhaka paumbwe pamusoro pemvura sirivha chloride firimu. Chinhu husingakwanisi acids siyana nesimbi akadai titanium, tantalum, zirconium, chromium, niobium uye hafnium.

Aqua regia, murwiyo, kushandiswa dzatakurukura, haruna kushandiswa yaunodya!

nebharisami Bolotov

Vazhinji vanofarira mashoko pamusoro ebharisamu Bolotov. Zvinozivikanwa kuti musanganiswa kuramba asidhi - nitric uye hydrochloric - ndiye aqua regia. Zvinoumba Bolotovu - a ichipererwa mhinduro. Bharisamu, iyo yakagadzirirwa mu Pharmacies, unoenderana 3 muzana mhinduro kubva hydrochloric acid. Saka, hapana ane zvaparadza mudumbu kwevanhu uye rakundwa nomuromo. Impact chii ine chivako ichi pamusoro womunhu?

The sulfuric asidhi urwa pamusoro connective zvinyama kuburikidza rokuchinja shuga mucopolysaccharides. Mune mamwe manzwi, urwa masero akwegura uye kunonatsiridza kugaya. Nitric asidhi anovandudza adrenal omumuviri uye boosts padanho adrenaline. Uyewo, pane zviri nani sero muviri inoita basa rinokosha sezvamakaropafadzwa ari pyruvic acid. Bolotov bharisamu chinowedzera paumbwe mumuviri mavhitamini uye amino acids, uye anodzosa puroteni mamorekuru. Rine kwaibatsira pamusoro pezvakaitwa zvose mumuviri, uye chinonditadzisa kuzvimba. Bharisamu ane wandei mabasa. Chokutanga, uku kuwedzera nhamba masero matsva. Chechipiri, ichi rutapudzo slagging womuviri, kureva kuchinja zvinokachidza zviri munyu uye nokubvisa kubva mumuviri. Third - zvakaoma pamwe utachiona nenyere patsva.

"Russian Standard"

Umbwa muna 1998 boka kuti pagadzirwe doro ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose mugadziri mumunda uyu. Vodka "Russian Standard" - ndimwe kuti rinobudiswa mushanduro dzakawanda panguva fekitari muSt Petersburg. Parizvino mutsetse rine mhando anoverengeka "Empire", "yepakutanga", "Platinum" uye "Russian Gold Standard". mhando dzose anowanzoramba hworudzi urwu nemamwe zvivako uye unhu. chigadzirwa ichi anganzi zvechokwadi yakanakisisa. The Zvinoumba vodka "Russian Standard" chinosanganisira chete yepamusoro pakugadzira. Kurimwa zvemichina rinoungana zvinodiwa zvose ano. Kuti atore yakanaka kugadzirwa gorosi akura pamusoro Chernozemye uye mvura - kubva pevhu kupi, iyo zvakabatana Ladoga. Hazvina dzakapfavirira, unofadza manakiro chinonwiwa, akakodzera vairemekedzwa.

Vodka "Beluga"

"Beluga" - shoma vodka. drink Izvi zvinogona kunzi mumwe akanakisisa echiShinto edu. Vodka "Beluga", murwiyo izvo zvinogona kunzi vakakwana, rine dzinongoitika uchi, mukaka rukato mushoma uye O groats. Zvinonzi kubva youpfu muumbozha doro uye mvura kubva chitubu matsime. zvokunwa ichi chadururirwa muhombodo, kugadzirwa France. Mumwe muenzaniso wacho yakashongedzwa chiratidzo muchimiro hove uye akanga hermetically chisimbiso, chimiso yakachena.

Kupa kupfuura simba zvinwiwa, sarudza chete yepamusoro zvigadzirwa. Uye yeuka kuti kunyanya kudyiwa vodka kunotungamirira kusingarapiki nemigumisiro.