Vidovremennyh rechiito mumutauro Chirungu. Zviri siyana Chirungu verbs

Rechiito dzinosiyana zvichienderana nokuti rinoshandiswa chero nguva. Ezvirevanguva mu Chirungu sapamazuva Russian, akakamurwa huru mumapoka matatu - kare, zvanhasi uye nezveramangwana. Vanewo chivakwa dzakadai ramangwana kare, kushandiswa kuratidza chiito kuti kunoitika pakati imwe kare pfungwa uye chokwadi, kana kuti kurondedzera zvinovavarirwa kare, akaronga kuita mune ramangwana - pasina, zvakaitika kuti nguva chaiyo kana kwete.

Uyewo, ezvirevanguva izvi muna Chirungu rinowanzoshandurwa vazive mukana kana kutaura chido chinhu - / ndaizo ... /. Kureva, zvakadai chiito ikaitika panguva imwe chete / zvinofanira kuitika / vachava kutora nzvimbo, asi vamwe chikonzero havana kuitika / zvikasaitika / hazvizoitiki.

nguva

Ezvirevanguva ose verbs mumutauro Chirungu dzine mapoka mana - Nokusingagumi, runoramba, Perfect uye Perfect runoramba nekuti chimwe nechimwe inovakwa kare, zvanhasi, nezveramangwana uye ramangwana kare. Yakasvika 16 zvinoita pfupi zvivako, chimwe nechimwe chine dzarinowanika (uye vamwe, uye hakuna). Kuratidza vidovremennyh siyana ari Chirungu rechiito, isu ongororei kushandisa zvivako izvi.

Active uye pusa izwi

Kana chimwe rinoitwa pasi, shoko rechiito iri rinoita nenzwi uye dzinosiyana maererano nenguva. In iri pusa inzwi zviito anoteererwa pamusoro chinhu, uye saka misimboti paumbwe zvakasiyana Predicate. Zvinotevera Zvirongwa kuudza sei kuumbwa vidovremennyh rechiito iri mutauro Chirungu mune zvinoshingaira izwi. In pusa chete rubatso Predicate kuumbwa / kuva / iri rakakodzera chimiro uye yapfuura PARTICIPLE.

Verbs kare (Kare)

Past Nokusingagumi (yakapfuura dzose) chinoshandiswa kuratidza zvatinosiita chiito, pasina chaiyo nguva kwayo kana kukwana. Zano raro inotungamirwa riri sezvinotevera: kwakarurama kuitika chokuti rechiito nekuguma / -ed / kana II vidovremennyh rechiito iri mutauro Chirungu, uvakwe.

Past Kuramba (Kare kuramba) rinoshandiswa kureva chinhu kwakatora kare. Shoko rechiito munguva ino panhongonya chikamu kuumbwa / kuva / a Past Indef. uye ezviri (Partic. I).

Past Perfect (yapfuura apera, zvekare Perf.) Anoratidza kuti chiito kunoitika kana kare apera. Zano rechiito sokunge / vane (Kare Indef.) / Combined ane kare PARTICIPLE (Partic. II).

Past Perfect Kuramba (refu yapfuura apera, zvekare Perf. Contin.) Unoshandiswa kutsanangura chiito kwakatora kamwe kare, uye ipapo rakapera. Inogona kuva chinhu zvahunoreva Kumikidzo chokwadi kuti zvinoitwa akapedza imwe nguva kana mune imwe nguva apo yakakumikidzwa, kana kuti chiito ichi hachisisiri kuitika. shoko rechiito iri rinoumbwa basa / kuva / muchimiro Past Perf. uye ezviri (Partic. I).

Verbs varipo (pres.)

Nokusingagumi Present (zvino netsika, pres. Indef.) Anoratidza kuti chiito kunoitika pasina nezvomunhu nguva kwayo kana kukwana (kana kuti tsvagai mukana kupera). Kureva, chiri chiito kuti hazvina hunhu. Kazhinji panguva ino zvinoratidzwa dzose zviito kana mukuru mapatani. Driving dzidzo ndechokuti kuitika chokuti / kuti / vasiri kuchiiswa. Vidovremennyh rechiito iri mutauro Chirungu mune 3rd munhu yakazonaka. h. kuzadzikiswa magumo / -s / -es /.

The Kuramba Present (zvino zvechigarire, pres. Contin.) Rinopa nguva chiito, iyo isina kupera, kureva kuti anoona pacharo akaita urongwa. Kana kushandiswa zvakagadzirwa ichi kazhinji kuonekwa kugara kuitika nezviito kuti hadzishandi kuitika panguva ino. chimiro ichi rine rechiito / kuva (pres. Indef.) / And PARTICIPLE I.

Perfect Present (parizvino yapera, pres. Perf.) Inotsanangura zvinoitwa yapera, nemhaka yokuva kuitika nguva. Richishandiswa mupfungwa ruzivo zvisati vakaziva / kwete achinyatsoziva vaya inoti sezvo kare zviitiko. Vaite basa iri rechiito / vane / vanofanira kuisa mu pres. Indef. uye Partic. II.

Present Perfect Kuramba (pres. Inogara apera, pres. Perf. Contin.) Inotsanangura chiito zvinoratidza zvakananga chii basa akatora kwayakatangira dzimwe risati nguva uye kunotora kusvikira ikozvino, kana zvikasadaro chokwadi kuti basa rinoitwa nhasi uye kuchapedza kusvikira pakuuya zvimwe kunyanya nguva. The zano yokuva ichi sokunge rechiito / kuva (pres. Perf.) / Vaisanganisa pamwe chirairo vari chipo kutorarama (Partic. I).

Verbs nguva yemberi (F.)

Future Nokusingagumi (kuipa ramangwana, F. Indef.) Anotaurazve hapana matanho ane unhu, anga uye kutarisirwa kuita. rechiito kwakadaro vakawana nokuwedzera kuti / vachatitaka / kuitika chokuti pasina / to /.

Kuramba Future (zvichaguma, F. Contin.) Panodiwa kuziva chiito nokuda refu predpolgagaemogo muhupenyu hwamangwana. Dunn rechiito achiumbwa pasi sluduet zano: (. F. Indef) ebetsero chikamu / kuva / anoiswa pamberi Partic. I.

Future Perfect (ramangwana apera, F. Perf.) Anoratidza kuti chiito kuwana chezvaizoitika okuguma zvimwe nguva kuuya. shoko rechiito iri yaakaita / uchava / PARTICIPLE uye zvatoitika (Partic. II).

Future Perfect Kuramba (zvichaguma apera, F. Perf. Contin.) Richishandiswa kutsanangura chimwe uneshongedzo inotevera kuti pakupedzisira nguva imwe pfungwa, kana, Ukuwo, mumwe nguva. mamiriro akadaro rinowanzoshandiswa anorondedzerwa zviito kubva chero kongiri zvinoreva, pamwe zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga chinoratidza chikonzero. Scheme nokuti inotungamirwa chakadaro rechiito chinhu panhongonya chikamu / kuva / mune F. Perf. achiwedzera PARTICIPLE I.

Verbs yemberi iri zvatoitika (FITP)

Future In The Kare Nokusingagumi (ramangwana kare kazhinji, FITP Indef.) Kunoreva kuti kuva chimwe chinhu, pasina kupera kana nguva anoti. verbs aya aumba kubva pamashoko / vanofanira / vaizo / (zvichienderana munhu) uye kuitika chokuti pasina / to /.

Future In The Kare runoramba (Future kare kuramba, FITP Contin.) Anotaura pamusoro zviito kuti aizofanira yakareba, pasina hunhu waro kukwana. Nokuti akapiwa rechiito rokunyora redunhu sokunge / kuva / mune FITP Indef. uye ezviri (Partic. I).

Future In The Kare Perfect (Future kare yapera, FITP Perf.) Anodudzira zviito inofanira kunge apera. Kuti vainyora rechiito ichi kuti / zvinofanira / aizova / wedzera PARTICIPLE II (uye. Pos. Time).

Future In The Kare Perfect runoramba (Future wokupedzisira inogara apera, FITP Perf. Contin.) Zvinoratidza kuti vamwe kuita aizofanira kutora pamusoro. The rechiito achiumbwa nokuzvisarudzira basa / kuva / muna FITP Perf. pamberi Partic. I.

Regular verbs

Yakarurama muchimiro Chirungu verbs paakapera nguva nokuwedzera kuvhara / -ed /. The gerunds (nyore) inowedzerwa rechiito kupedza / -ing / kuti ape unhu kuramba chiito kana generalizing inzwi kupfuura rimwe chiito zvose kufanana naye. Zviri mhando verbs Chirungu kunoratidzwa pazasi.

paunowana verbs

Panewo imwe nhamba kunze kuti murege zvinoenderana zano iri, unofanira nemusoro. Not ose vidovremennyh rechiito mumutauro Chirungu chakaumbwa dzinomiririra kugumiswa / -ed /. Pane verbs zviri zvatoitika uye ezviri II muchimiro kuchinja muzasi kana mugumo. Pane verbs kuti chose "aberekwazve" uye vakadaro kuti zvose vatatu kuramba kuchinja.

List pamusoro verbs Chirungu vari kuumbwa zvakanaka, inoitwa mapande 100. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane Saka matatu siyana vakawana verbs 300. Kudivi rimwe, kwete saka nyore kuyeuka mashoko akawanda kudaro. Uyezve, zvinokosha kuti varambe mupfungwa - nokuti nguva iyo, tinoshandisa inodiwa mashoko wechipiri (Kare Nokusingagumi) uye chechitatu (PARTICIPLE II) rudzi kwose kwose, uye zvakafanira kuti kuziva umo ezvinhu fomu kushandisa, kurudyi kana zvakaipa, uye kana zvakaipa, zvino chii zvakananga. Ukuwo, kwemashifiti verbs nevakawanda zvikuru, uye saka inowanzoshandiswa pakutaura (somunhu rakasiyana kukosha, uye siyana zvirevo uye zvakagadzirwa), kuti vazhinji vavo isu kuziva, kutanga kudzidza Chirungu.

Kufungisisa chokwadi kuti vamwe vacho modal uye ebetsero verbs, tinogona kutaura kuti kwemashifiti verbs kuita vakawanda vari kutaura. pakutanga pamusoro Kupararira anotora rechiito / kuva /, (/ kuva /, / aiva, vaiva /, / kutongovapo /), izvo zvinogona kuita warwo kukosha, uye somunhu modal rechiito, uye somunhu ebetsero mukukurukurirana. Kakawanda sezvaari nomumwe chimiro chayo - / anofanira /, / chisikwa /, / yave /, / am, iri, vari /, / kwakanga, vaiva /, / kuda / uye / zvinofanira, kuti /, asi rechiito / kuva / ane 52 shoko chimiro, kusanganisira basa uye pusa, kutaura uye negation.