Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari: chii anobatsira?

Gore negore, musi wokutanga Svondo, kuuya mushure zororo yaVatendi Peter uye Paul Russian Church Orthodox wokupemberera Amai vaMwari kamufananidzo akawana zvishoma kupfuura zana apfuura, pakati pamabwe Valaam Island hwehasha. Chii yakakurumbira Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, chii chinobatsira uye apo iye zvino? Ngatitaurei pamusoro ichi munyaya.

Muranda ache waMwari Natalia

Ezvinhu umo makawanikwa Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, chaityisa kwazvo, uye nhoroondo iyi asiwo emakore maviri. Hwakatanga yokuti muna 1878, mugari St. Petersburg Natalia Andreyevna Andreeva, akazvipira uye mutsvene munhu, kuenda womunyika vanhuwo zvavo, Akabata kuchitonhora.

In St. Petersburg, wayo mbishi Baltic ezvinhu, izvi zvakajairika, asi Natalia Andreevna kutonhora kuomesa apera - iye akarwara uye makumbo kuti achazvimba, saka kuti murwere vaisagona kufamba. Izvi zvakaenderera mberi kwenguva dzinenge gumi.

Sezvo vanachiremba uyo unotaurwa, akakundikana kupa rubatsiro nouchapupu, Andreev riri zano hama dzake vakasarudza kuti kunonamata yose Orthodox nyika yakakurumbira Valaam wemamonk. Ikoko, pazvitsuwa Lake Ladoga kwazvo, mumatemberi matsvene uye zvakavanzika yemamongi Hermitage akaramba nokusingaperi nyasha dzaMwari, norupo akadurura vose vaya akazarura mikova mwoyo wake kwaari.

Marvellous Night Vision

The usiku asati aenda, sezvo zvakaita June 1887, Natalia Andreyevna akashanyira chiratidzo chinoshamisa. Muchiroto akajeka akaona mukadzi akapfeka nguvo tsvuku vherevheti, akabata mwana mumaoko uye vakapoteredzwa chiedza chinoshamisa. Sick vanokurudzirwa pamwe kunyemwerera kwake, mai wechidiki akarayira naye zvachose kushanyira wemamongi, achivimbisa mubatsiri wake uye kureverera.

Pashure mashoko aya, mukadzi akanyangarika, pasina kudura zita rake kushamisika mupilgrim. Nyongano nezvaakaona Natalya Andreevna havana kuzoshinga kunyange kufunga kuti usiku huno waikudzwa Fani pacharwo Mambokadzi Heaven. Asi kunoshamisa chiratidzo akamupa simba, uye mangwanani murwere akaenda chengarava.

The rwokutanga wemamongi

kokutanga Akaswedera pamahombekombe pachitsuwa nezuva remitambo kuwanikwa zvisaririra zvevasande vemo Segiyo uye St. Herman. Pachiitiko ichi, zvose temberi vakanga yakatsvikinyidzana vafambi, uye chete pakuguma chaipo kwake kugara pachitsuwa Natalia Andreevna akakwanisa kumedura kupinda Chechi nokufungidzira, apo mufananidzo Mhandara Yakakomborerwa, akarembera imwe mbiru kusvikira Akashamisika akazoziva mueni chiratidzo usiku ake, zvipikirwa rubatsiro wake uye kureverera. Iri raiva Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, panguva iyoyo asati akudzwa nezvishamiso.

Asi paakangowana aigona kuwedzerwa kuti mufananidzo kusvikira pembe steamship, achishevedza akatendeka chengarava, uye ichi kokutanga Andreeva kunyange nenguva kushumira ruzhinji munamato Mhandara. Kunyange zvakadaro, pashure achidzokera kumba, akanzwa imwe asingatsananguriki vakasununguka makumbo, manzwiro iyo anokonzerwa wakagumiswa sezvo marwadzo. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, akakurumidza vachifamba gadzira kare kufamba pasina madondoro.

Re-achishanyira chitsuwa

Zvakanditorera kwamakore gumi, panguva iyo chirwere haana kudzoka, uye tinoonga Natalia Andreevna aida kudzokera kuchitsuwa, apo icon Yedu Lady pamusoro Valaam kuburikidza iyo neMhandara Maria akaratidza kwaari chishamiso chokuporesa. Zvakare, sezvo kokutanga, akanga aunganidza mumugwagwa uye akaenda yaizivikanwa nechiteshi.

Zvisinei, zvakanga mwoyo chitsuwa - Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari vakanga yakanyangarika nokufungidzira Church. Uyezve, hapana mumwe vagere wemamongi, kwete chete kugona kuudza kwaanoda angadai paakasvika, asi vazhinji vakati chifananidzo chakadaro haako. Kunyange anoziva zvose baba sacristan achiratidza kushamiswa akatambanudzira maoko ake, asi pfungwa kuti kana vakadaro mufananidzo uye akanga Saka, zvinoita kutumirwa St. Petersburg, apo panguva iyoyo akavhura wemamongi chivanze.

The kutsvaka muSt Petersburg

Kudzokera St. Petersburg, chinhu chokutanga Andreeva akachimbidzika Narva divi, kwaiva farmstead of Valaam wemamonk. Zvisinei, kwaari kugumbuswa, uye pakanga pasina nzira yesungano. Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari yanyangarika sezvo chose sezvo zvakaratidzwa usiku, shanyira kamwe muranda waMwari Natalia.

Asi vamwe inzwi romukati kumborega kuti afuridzire naye kuti zvinoshamisa nenzira ndichipfeka kubvisa wake kamwe-kutambura chaizvo iripo uye kuti anofanira kumuwana. Vachinetseka kutenda basa rake saka zvinoshamisa, Natalya Andreevna kechitatu kuti chitsuwa.

The rouprofita chiratidzo chechipiri

Kuvimba mabasa kubatsira Valaam Saints, akatanga aine kuti akabata basa pamberi zvinoera dzavo. Pamanheru wokutanga kupedzerwa kumonasitiri hotel, Andreev akaona zvinoshamisa hope mangwanani vakamhanyira kuudza zvaizivikanwa nababa vake, Paphnutius - iroro sacristan uyo yakanyorerwa kushanya kokupedzisira.

Iye akarota kuti achidzungaira wemamongi uye kunyengetera pasina kukunyengetererai Amai vaMwari, akauya kukereke yekare Nikolaya Chudotvortsa kare chakagumisa uye akavharwa nemhaka yokunyanyisa yakapararawo. Uye ipapo, vakamira paberere muranda waMwari Natalia pakarepo zvakajeka akanzwa anotendeuka inzwi rake richibva kudenga: "nokukurumidza Uchava razyschesh. Ini ndiri pano. "

Achangopedza akanga akunda inzwi rinonzwika rakaita musuo chechi wakazaruka pakarepo kubva hapana akazviratidza mutana yebhuruu Kamilavka apo Andreeva pakarepo vakaziva St. Segiyo pamusoro Valaam, izvo akanyengetera pamberi mufananidzo zuva. Iye akaninira yake mukati, apo makadzika etemberi, pakati yekare ndiro chechi, akamira pakona Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari.

Kurota yakanga pachena - akanongedzera Mambokadzi Heaven kunzvimbo yake, kwaanonoriritirwa aiva mufananidzo chishamiso. Asi usati zvipire tsvene chikonzero, Natalia Andreyevna akanzwa nayo basa rangu kune wokutanga chokuyananisa uye woWakaropafadzwa reMinamato yeChirairo kuwana simba. Kwamazuva matatu iye vakatsanya uye vakagadzirira pachake nekudyidzana Blessed reMinamato yeChirairo, uye ndikaona kubuda muchechi Paphnutii baba, ane maoko yakanga zvakafanana pamusoro avaida usiku muchiroto.

Kuwana mufananidzo matsvene

Kukumbana pakutanga yokunamata Mutsvene reMinamato yeChirairo, uye chete vakabuda muchechi, Andreev akaona pamberi peboka revanamati pamberi iyo baba Paphnutius akafamba kwazvo, asati akatakura mufananidzo Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary. The Chiitiko Chokwadi, yaiva kuenderera hope ano. Vakabata pamwe Andreeva, mupristi rinoputika zvakanyanya akati neshoko rimwe chete: "Iye?" Nokusava Nechokwadi akaramba, zvakanga zvakafanana Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, saka akaporeswa yake makore gumi apfuura.

The pakuonekwa baba Paphnutius pamwe mufananidzo mumaoko ake pamberi Natalya Andreevna akatsanangura sezvinotevera. Kunzwa nyaya zvaaona muchiroto, naiyewo akadudzira nayo sechiratidzo kumusoro, uye agamuchira maropafadzo abbot, akaenda kuchechi yakare, izvo haana kuzarura suo kwemakore akawanda. Mariri awana tsvene pakona, pakati nerima ne nguva mifananidzo pamwe dzisinganyatsooneki mifananidzo yevatsvene, uyewo akatyoka lectern nemamwe chechi nemidziyo pakuguma remakore.

Mbiri kunoshamisa kuvake

Chishamiso raizoiswa huru Cathedral of wemamongi pamberi pamusoro iroro vakashumira yakatarwa basa nokuropafadzwa mvura, panguva iyo kwakange yakawanda kurapa matsva. Munyengetero Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, ari mambotsaura pamwe nokutenda uye tariro, ndagara anzwa.

All zvishamiso zvakawanda zvinyorwa takaitwa uye kuti hapana ipapo aisava nechokwadi kuti avo nderechokwadi, peji imwe neimwe vanopupurirwa kubudikidza siginicha wezvapupu dzakawanda. Kana muna 1901 wemamongi yaisangana nokuda abbot Gabriel, akaisa munzvimbo dzapasi chikamu chikuru mifananidzo temberi - chimedu jasi Our Lady.

Nguva pfupi pashure Valaam mufananidzo Amai Mwari akava nomukurumbira zvishamiso ayo uye ndokusvikira ezviuru, vakakwanisa kutanga zita rakanyorwa tenzi wake. It akazviratidza kuti nemwoyo wose nharo kamwe yemamongi mumongi Alipio (Konstantinov).

Image Musikana, akapedza muna 1887, nguva pfupi asati afa, chete panguva apo Natalia Andreevna chando. How zvinoshamisa zvakanga yakabatana zviitiko zviviri - mu kunyarara wemamongi the artist kupendwa icon, uye muSt Petersburg panguva mukadzi iyoyo anorwara, ane chirwere pakupedzisira akashumira kwayo kukudzwa.

The iconography pakati kunoshamisa mufananidzo Valaam

Ngationei vanogara chii Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, pikicha kuti chinopiwa munyaya. Maererano vatsoropodzi, ndeye mufananidzo Marian mifananidzo chaiko kubva Byzantium uye vachinzi "Panagia", iro rinoreva "zvose-tsvene." Uyewo, icon zvayo compositional mamiriro anogona kunzi rakasiyana, asi yakafanana mhando "Nikopeya" - "Winner".

Navo kunobatanidza mufananidzo Musikana, mira yakareba uye kuchengeta pamberi mwana, kukomborera Fafitera wacho chokunyengetera. rwake rworudyi. Zvisinei, simba riri muruoko rwake rworuboshwe, hakusi Byzantine mavambo. Chikamu chino murwiyo ndizvo dzokuMadokero mifananidzo European "Kristu - Muponesi wenyika."

Valaam mufananidzo Amai Mwari ane kuziva akadzama, riri nemamwe ari Orthodox iconography: Mambokadzi Heaven anofananidzwa chinhu netsoka, vari kuoneka kubva pasi pamucheto wake nguo. Hapana chinhu chakadaro inowanikwa dzimwe Marian mifananidzo yacho Oriental Church.

Kuenda kune imwe nyika

Kusvikira 1940, chitsuwa Valaam ndekwaMwari Finland, uye nezvimwewo dzinoyera paiva Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari. Vachipemberera kutora wayo, rakanga rizere navanhu tichiregeredza pakati vanoshanyira vaibva St. Petersburg uye mamwe maguta Russian, pashure pokuchinja kwakapedziswa chete vagere wemamongi saka mashoma vake admirers, kuti mushure October Revolution vachienda kuMadokero.

Kana panguva pakuguma Finnish Ladoga hondo dzose zvitsuwa dzayo dzomukati zvakapambwa neDare Soviet Union, zvemamongi pakati wemamongi, vachisiya misha yavo, vakatamira yakadzika Finland, apo yemamongi ravo rakaumbwa, rinonzi "New Valaam." Navo vakaedza kubvisa zvose zvaiita. Chokutanga, Chokwadi, tine zvikuru kudhura dzinoyera zvavo, pakati izvo paive michinjikwa, mifananidzo, mabhuku chechi uye nguo.

Saka ndakanga muFinland uye kunoshamisa mufananidzo, kamwe akaporesa Natalia Andreyevna nemamwe Mapilgrim akawanda. Troparion Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari, rakanyorwa nguva pfupi pashure ayo kutora, ava kurira munyika yavamwe, uye ose gore zvakawanda uye kusavimba zvikuru Finns vakatanga kuuya kwaari mumunyengetero kuburikidza kureverera kwake Mambokadzi Heaven. Ikoko iye ari, uye kusvikira nhasi, ndakagadza mutemberi chikuru wemamongi - chitarisiko Cathedral (mufananidzo pakupera nyaya) uye anonzi chikuru neKijuni wemamongi.

Zvakazoitwa kutapwa chitsuwa Valaam wemamongi ayo

Zvino mamongi akasiya chitsuwa kuti vakawanda Soviet nguva, upenyu hwechitendero haina patsva. Kwenguva refu nguva paiva imba akaremara magamba uye basa, apo anotambudzika kutadzisa vakauya kubva yakaoma kazhinji nechisimba. Chete ari sixties iyi inoshamisa pakona wokumusoro hunhu zvakanga yakazarukira vashanyi, uye makore gumi gare gare kwakavakirwa dzaiumba wemamongi, kuva dzemamongi vakagamuchira mamiriro miziyamu-chengetedza. Ipapo vakatanga nokudzorerwa kwavo.

The kumutsidzirwa wemamongi rakatanga muna September 1989, apo chisarudzo Hurumende yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia nharaunda yayo uye zvose zvivako vake vakanga mumaoko Leningrad Diocese. Day Valaam Icon of Amai vaMwari vaipemberera, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, kuti Svondo yokutanga mushure mutambo mutsvene eVaapostora Petro naPauro, akanga pamutemo yakatangwa muna 2002 ne chirevo Patriarch of Moscow uye All Russia seizvi Alexy II.

Pakati nezvimwe zvivako uye chivako yakaramba rimwechetero rinoshandiswa kuti ubviswe St. Nicholas Church, apo kunoshamisa kuvake yakanga kuenzana. Mushure gadziridzo uye kudzorerwa zvakanaka mariri akasikwa Temple Valaam Icon of Amai vaMwari. In iri pasi, kubva pakutanga, kuramba zvachose muFinland.

Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari: chii anobatsira?

Self mbiri Valaam kuvake, kuburikidza iyo kwakaratidzwa zvishamiso zvizhinji zvokuporesa yakatanga kutambura peterburzhenki, sezvinotaurwa munyaya zvakadzama pamusoro. Izvi zvakatanga tsika kunyengetera pamberi chifananidzo ichi Our Lady ndichiva kubvisa zvirwere uye utano tarenda. Mienzaniso sei norupo akadurura pamusoro penyasha dzaMwari akanyengetera uye zvakawana vakumbire, zvikuru. Dzakawanda dzenyaya idzi zvinonyorwa mumabhuku wemamongi uye kwechokwadi zvikamu rezvapupu. Zvakaoma kufungidzira zvakadini vakauya aida kuporeswa Valaam mufananidzo Amai vaMwari.

Chii kunyengetera zvakawanda vasati nzira ichi chinoshamisa? Zvechokwadi, hazvibviri kuti kuderedza pfungwa vabatsirwe akatuma pasi Mambokadzi Heaven, chete nekupodzwa nyama dzevanhu, pasinei zvaikosha kwatiri. tsitsi dzake dzakadururwa uye predstatelstvuya pamberi paJehovha, iye anonyengeterera pamusoro mabasa neminyengetero zvose achibva mwoyo, uye akavakirirwa nokutenda. Virgin haangamuregeri pasina yokupindira yake avo pamberi naye nokutendeseka anokumbira pokugadzwa norugare mumhuri, pamusoro anobudirira kupedza ari pamuviri, pamusoro pakuranga vana uye mazano kurudyi nzira.