Urogenital schistosomiasis: kurapwa, nechirwere, zviratidzo

Schistosomiasis - chirwere chirwere anokonzerwa vanoshingaira anokosha ari munhu muviri parasitic nehonye. Gore negore, kurapa chirwere ichi kunodiwa vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 200 kuti.

Vhuṱanzi

Schistosomiasis - ihosha chakakomba kushatiriswa ropa flukes yacho genus Schistosoma. Panguva sumo muMutumbi tupukanana muvanhu dermatitis rinooneka iyo gare gare kuoma kubudikidza fivha, kudhaka, intestinal lesion pamusoro genitourinary ezvinhu, kana zvakananga. The kunotoda mufananidzo hazvisi nokuda chitange immunoallergic sei mazai flukes.

The tupukanana kupinda muviri, sezvo mutemo, apo yakajairika zvokurima kana maindasitiri basa somugumisiro kuonana nemvura yakasvibiswa navo. Vana kuyaruka uye vana vaduku ndivo zvikuru kubatwa nechirwere ichi nokuda asiri zvaidiwa dzinokosha mitemo utsanana kana achigeza mumvura tsvina. The World Health Organization ari kushingaira kunetseka dambudziko iri, vanoita chokudzivirira kurapwa kanoverengeka gore.

Total kusiyanisa mhando mbiri schistosomiasis zvinoti: intestinal uye urogenital. Ndizvo hwemazuva takurukura muudzame hukuru zvikuru munyaya ino.

Ndeipi urogenital schistosomiasis?

Ichi chirwere helminthic zvakasikwa chikuru lesion pamusoro genitourinary hurongwa. zvokurwara ichi mune North Africa, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon uye Siria. In nyika yedu hapana zvakakodzera zvezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu upenyu schistosomes.

Chirwere kunoitika nenzira yakananga kuonana nemvura, sezvamakaropafadzwa tupukanana izvi achararama. Pashure pokukurukurirana yavo muviri zvine utachiona zvishoma nezvishoma kuva chinhu sema maitiro muchimiro yakafunuka, mapundu. Munguva yokutama honye mumuviri pane vakawanda zvakawanda zvive, fivhiri, nomusoro. It dzinoratidzwa kwakadaro zvinhu uye urogenital schistosomiasis.

zvikonzero

Zviratidzo kuonekwa pakarepo pashure ingestion pamusoro chisvetasimba Schistosoma haematobium. mukono mhuru urefu hakuiti pfuura 15 mm. Nechemberi ane cylindrical chimiro, yaiva pamusoro pazvo muzvizhinji kuti kubvisa mikombe. munhukadzi mhuru yakareba kusvika 20 mm.

The chisvetasimba chinopinda ganda vanoshambira / kushanda vanhu mumvura. Aizivikanwawo zviitiko chirwere pashure kudyiwa mvura yokunwa kuchengeteka. Kuburikidza midziyo ropa uye kunyange nhengo dzinobudisa Schistosoma haematobium anongovangira ari pelvic zvomukati, izvo mazai ari lumen pamusoro tsinga. Ipapo vakanga kuburikidza vascular rusvingo zvinopfuura Kamudzira pamusoro dundira, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko, uye sikarudzi. Kubva ipapo gare gare weti vari vabudiswa. Masayendisiti zvinoratidza kuti mazai tupukanana izvi zvinogona kutapukira pabonde.

Vagari nzvimbo tupukanana izvi epidemiologically ngozi dzinogona kuwanikwa sikarudzi. Zvisinei, avo nounyanzvi haagoni asi kuratidza yesangano pakati vaingoerekana pamuviri uye nebasa honye.

Vanogona kurarama pakati matatu kusvika pamakore anenge 10 mumuviri. zviitiko apo mazai chisvetasimba kunge hwakazonyorwa kunge Kutamiswa kuonana munhu, utachiwana makore anenge 30 apfuura.

The pathogenesis chirwere

Urogenital schistosomiasis - munhu anonakidza chirwere, iyo nguva dzose Akakwezva masayendisiti munyika yose. Chirwere kunoitika munguva yakananga kwevanhu kuonana dzakawanda mvura. The pathogenesis chirwere ichi muchetura uye neutachiona zvinobva pokuwa tsvina yose helminths. The ganda vakapoteredza nzvimbo okuzivisa ari mazana kuva edema, uye mukufamba kutama kwavo akaumba dzinonzi infiltrates wakaumbwa zvikurukuru leukocytes uye lymphocytes.

Mazai chisvetasimba "kurarama" zvimwe zvayo pakukura kutenderera mumuviri clam kumusoro matanho cercariae, izvo kare kupinda womunhu kuburikidza ganda. Hevano ripen nokukurumidza uye kuva nechekare shistosomuly. Zvadaro, utachiona hwacho zvinopfuura peripheral mutsinga apo zvishoma nezvishoma panoda mune vanhu vakura. Nembeu vakadzi inotumirwa nhengo dzose urogenital ezvinhu, mazai pano. Vamwe vari dzinounzwa vari weti uye mutsvina yadzo zvakananga kupinda zvakatipoteredza.

epidemiology

Urogenital schistosomiasis ari kuparadzirwa kunyanya subtropical uye dzinopisa nharaunda, kunyimwa yepamusoro mvura uye utsanana hwakakwana kugara. Maererano nenyanzvi, pari vanenge 90% yevanhu vane chirwere ichi vanowanikwa pasi kondinendi African.

The chirwere chinobata, sezvo mutemo, murombo kumaruwa. The akanaka bonde, uchishandisa mvura ine utachiona mumba, uyewo vari pangozi. Urogenital schistosomiasis muvana uye kuyaruka munharaunda idzi hakusi kurwadziwa. Nokuda murombo utsanana uye kugara vachionana yakasviba mvura apo nokushambira, ivo ndivo vanonyanyova kurwara.

Permanent kutama uye vapoteri kufamba nekusimudzira kupinda chirwere kunzvimbo itsva. With kuwedzera chido vanhu yokuravira kujairika nyika vari kuramba chirwere chirwere pakati vashanyi nhasi.

zvekuchipatara mufananidzo

Iyo kunoratidzwa zviratidzo urogenital schistosomiasis (zviratidzo)? Uye kurapwa, uye chirwere chirwere hazvibviri pasina kuvapo noruzhinji kunotoda mufananidzo.

Avhareji incubation nguva iri pakati 10 uye 12 mavhiki. Panguva iyo kupinda pakati chisvetasimba kuburikidza paganda munhu anoona zvishoma kusanzwa, sezvinoita anobaya ine tsono. Munguva yokutama honye rose muviri nepfungwa sema maitiro muchimiro dermatitis rinorwadza kuvaviwa, rashes. Uyewo, pane zviratidzo kudhaka (nemusoro, kudya kunyanya vangadikitira). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chiropa uye chirwatata yakawedzera kukura. Zvisinei, kwete nguva dzose achiperekedzwa zviratidzo zvakadai urogenital schistosomiasis. Zviratidzo nehosha, asi ukuru zvakaoma kwavo kunoenderana nomumwe susceptibility nekuomarara infestation kwevanhu.

Panoperera iri rikwanise uye mangwanani chisingaperi zvokukura chirwere kazhinji rinowanika hematuria, izvo pamwe nokubudiswa ropa panguva weti. Varwere yemanyorero chokunyunyuta pamusoro zvakawanda zvive, nefivhiri kusvika madhigirii 37, dundira marwadzo nzvimbo nzvimbo. Uyezve, mimwe kunowedzera ukuru chiropa uye chirwatata. Zviratidzo izvi zvinobatana pakatanga tupukanana mu mitumbi munyama.

Munguva ndima mazai kuburikidza parusvingo dundira angava petechial hemorrhages uye hyperemia pamusoro mucous membrane. Nokuda rakadaro zvokuimba kuvadza pathological muitiro zvinowanzobatanidzwa utachiona, iro rinobatanidza kukura cystitis. Kuzvimba anogona kuparadzira vakasimudza ureter zvakananga neitsvo.

Urogenital schistosomiasis kana kuruboshwe untreated anogona kwaramba Danho. ureteral maronda vari dzinoratidzwa kuderera kwavo distal mitezo, iyo inotungamirira kurega kunotanga kuti weti ibwe inotungamirwa uye kukura pyelonephritis. Late Danho chirwere dzinoratidzwa chitarisiko fibrosis rinenge nenyere calcification. In kuti mamiriro ezvinhu helminth mazai mhando iyi achiona calcification. Maumbirwe dundira kuchinja, vakawedzera intravesical kuvafurira. In kunyanya zvakakomba Muzviitiko, schistosomiasis zvinogona kuremadza uye kunyange rufu rokusamhanyira.

In varume zvokurwara kunowanzoguma fibrosis of seminiferous tubules, uye akanaka pabonde - akawanda ulcerations of kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi mucosa.

kuongorora chirwere

Urinary schistosomiasis Kuzivikanwa kwakaita inobva zvekuchipatara Data (urticaria, utera, zvakawanda zvive, dizuricheskie nyonganyonga).

Maererano nenyanzvi, zvikuru zvikuru mazai chisvetasimba yabudiswa muna weti kumativi masikati. Zvisinei, kuonekwa kazhinji kudzidza daily weti. tsigira wake pakutanga pamatunhu mabhanga, pashure rakachengetwa mvura iri vakapedzwa, uye precipitate iri centrifuged. Zvadaro, mumwe precipitate mikrosporiya. Pakusarudza kuvapo muna weti ine mazana rinoitwa maererano yakafanana zano.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chiremba wako anogona mishonga ine biopsy chigamba dundira mucosa. Uyezve, cystoscopy uye radiography inoshandiswa kuongorora mamiriro ari urogenital turakiti. chirwere nzira dzakadaro kunogona kuona rive dete midziyo ropa, iro deformation pakati miromo ureters, polypous ukatambararira.

rwaidiwa kurapa

Treatment uye kudzivirira schistosomiasis kuitwa bedzi muna muchipatara muzviruva. Varwere kazhinji akakurudzira "Praziquantel" kana "Azinoks" mune zuva dose 40 MG / makirogiramu kaviri masikati. Kubudirira mari izvi, maererano nenyanzvi, ndiyo 80-95%. Zvinokosha pakurapa chirwere ichi ndowenyika symptomatic kurapa kuvandudza mabasa munyika nenhengo dzawo. Kana yechipiri chirwere nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya vanogadzwa. In chakakomba cirrhosis, polyposis inokurudzirwa kuvhiya.

Cherechedza kuti "Praziquantel" ane runziro uye panguva imwecheteyo rweruzhinji mushonga kuti anogona kukunda ose schistosomiasis (pechirwere ichi). Izvi zvinoreva kurapwa kuri Akaratidzawo vana nevechidiki. Pasinei chokwadi kuti pashure yawapiwa pane mukana kunenge chirwere, ngozi kuva kwazvo chimiro chirwere zvichiri zvinogoneka kuderedza uye kunyange kudzivirira.

Kufembera uchishandisa kugadzirira-pamusoro apa Kazhinji zvakanaka.

zvinogoneka yematambudziko

An chinokosha zvimiso pakurwisa zvirwere izvi mangwanani kurapwa. Urogenital schistosomiasis, zvimwe vanotyisidzira kukura munhu hachifadzi chaizvo matambudziko. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zvirwere: pyelonephritis, chirwere renal kukundikana. Uyezve, zvokurwara iri vaitirei precancerous wechokwadi, sezvo iri pakanyorwa chisingaperi kuzvimba kazhinji kuva squamous Sero carcinoma yacho dundira.

matanho

How kudzivisa urogenital schistosomiasis? Tikaitira zvinokonzera, zviratidzo denda akatsanangurwa pamusoro munyaya ino. Pazasi pane pfungwa zviyero muzvidzivirire kwayo.

1. Panguva Chaiyo kuonekwa kwaizotevera kunorapwa varwere kuchipatara.
2. Kudzivisa kupinda mazai schistosome mumvura.
3. Kuparadzwa dzemugungwa kubudikidza molluscicides.
4. Kushandisa chaiyo kudiridza enyika.
5. Kupfeka unodzivirira zvipfeko munguva yakananga kuonana nemvura yakasviba.
6. Water kurapwa (filtration, Kubika) pamberi kushandiswa.
7. Kugadzirisa madziva zvikara, achiparadza dzemugungwa.
8. Centralized mvura kumatunhu.
9. Active utano dzidzo kune vanhu vaigara munharaunda dzaari.

Special nzeve inokurudzirwa kupa vashanyi vanobva kunzvimbo zvakafanana urogenital schistosomiasis. Zviratidzo vanofanira kuona munhu wose. Ichi chikonzero chakajeka kuti mukana wokuzvidzivirira akakodzera nyanzvi. The chete nzira kudzivisa kumwe kupararira chirwere uye chaizvoizvo kuponesa upenyu.

WHO mazano kurwisa chirwere ichi achinyanya zvainanga kuderedza kuitika kurapwa kuburikidza nenguva dzirikure "Praziquantel". mhando iyi yokurapa ndechedu vanhu vose pangozi (avo vanogara endemic dzine).

Kakawanda kurapwa kwakadaro kunobva kungobva hwakapararira chirwere. Munzvimbo dzakakwirira kwevari chirwere yedzimudzangara rinowanzoshandiswa zvaida wepagore kudzokororwa weboka yokurapa, uye kwemakore akawanda.

Marapirwo andichaitwa kunogona kukurira pechirwere ichi urogenital wemuTesitamende tanga uye kudzivirira kuchinja mariri chirwere muchimiro vanhu kare vatapukirwa. Pari huru chipingamupinyi kuti Implementation chirongwa pamusoro apa ndiyo shoma kuwana mishonga, asi "Praziquantel". Maererano nemishumo, muna 2012 mukati makadirwa 14 chete% yevanhu chaizvoizvo kurapwa.

mhedziso

Nyaya iyi yakanga inopiwa ne mashoko "Urinary schistosomiasis: zvinokonzera, zviratidzo, chirwere uye kurapwa." WHO nyanzvi vari kushingaira kushanda panyaya kudzivirira ndasiya Tropical zvirwere munzanga ano, izvo zvinosanganisira zvokurwara chakarondedzerwa nesu. Pasinei ose akasiyana-siyana zvirwere, vane zvakafanana zvinhu vakwanise kuramba kuoneka muurombo.

Schistosomiasis - ihosha chakakomba kuti rimwe gore vari panoonekwa kakawanda. Zvisinei, zvaidiwa zvokutanga nemitemo utsanana, uye mangwanani kurapwa rinobvumira kuti kukanganwa nezvedambudziko iri zvachose.

Tinovimba kuti vose mashoko ari munyaya ino achazviratidza kuti chaizvoizvo kubatsira. Stay utano!