Urals pfuma: zvicherwa, masango, mvura uye mamiriro okunze. Nature of Ural

Urals inonzi nzvimbo mudunhu Russia, inova hwaro chete zita gomo hurongwa. Urals pfuma (zvicherwa, masango, mvura, okunze uye kuzvivaraidza) vakapfuma uye siyana. About pavo, zvikurukuru, uye ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Ural: nzvimbo, dzinongoitika ezvinhu uye pfuma (zvishoma)

nharaunda Geographical inonzi Ural anoshumira muganhu pakati maviri mapani pakukura Eurasia - the East European uye West Siberian. Uye muzinda chikamu nharaunda iyi eponymous wemakomo eJudhiya, izvo kunosvika makiromita 2,000 kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba.

Urals zvakare Anopatsanura zvikamu zviviri nyika - Europe uye Asia. On kumucheto runoenzanirana akagadzirwa Ekaterinburg chirangaridzo chiratidzo. Nenzira, nzvimbo-zita "Ural" rinoshandurwa kubva mutauro Bashkir rinoreva "nebhandi". Bashkirs kunyange vane wekare ngano pamusoro hofori uyo kamwe kuparadzira bhandi rake guru, zvokuti iye akanozvibatanidza kuGungwa Kara kumaodzanyemba reCaspian. Uye kupfumisa murume guru zvakanga zvakavigwa asingaverengeki pfuma. Zviri pamusoro fuma izvi, uye huchakurukurwa.

Zviwanikwa zviri Urals vakapfuma uye rakakura-siyana. The runako uye yokusiyana nharaunda iri kuratidzwa hwindo uye mumabhuku, uye ziso hwemashiripiti. makona ayo akasiyana kunogona kuonekwa pamusoro wakadhirowewa mifananidzo uye mifananidzo vafambi vakakurumbira. Most zvakajeka uye muchidimbu akatsanangura yezvakaita Ural kamwe DN Mamin-Siberian.

The zvoupfumi kukosha nharaunda

Mountains Ural vagara uye anoramba ari sokuronga inokosha maindasitiri nheyo Russia. Active Kugadzirwa nharaunda vakatanga muushe Peter Mukuru. Izvi zvakaita kuti vapfumi chicherwa pfuma yamarudzi Urals.

In XIX-XX emakore zvinomera uye maindasitiri nezvinomera Urals akakura zvakafanana howa pashure mvura yezhizha rinorema. Izvi, maererano Alekseya Ivanova munyori, kunyange pano wakatsamwisa paumbwe imwe 'metallurgia budiriro chaiyo. " Chinonyanya kukosha basa reDare Ural nharaunda munguva Great Patriotic War. Ndosaka rakatumidzwa mumazuva iwayo, "Munongedzo unopinza masimba." Kutaura zvazviri, zviri Urals yakabva yanyatsobatana kukunda muhondo yakaoma uye kusimba ropa.

Mundima Urals nezvinodiwa Russian, zvikuru dzine vanhu vakawanda uye tsime nyanzvi. Maguta pakukura mudunhu: Yekaterinburg, kuChelyabinsk, Perm, Ufa, Magnitogorsk, Izhevsk uye Nizhny Tagil.

Zvicherwa mudunhu

Mineral pfuma Urals mupfumi chaizvo uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Kazhinji, makadzika ino mupfumi nharaunda ine zvose kubva jecha nevhu, kuti mafuta nendarama. Pano, mu Zvaifadza nenzira rinobatanidza guru reserves esimbi, asiri esimbi, kuvaka uye makemikari mbishi zvekushandisa.

Muzana XVI remakore kumadokero chikamu Ural copper wawanikwa, uye ari XVII - simbi. Ndicho mujinga ironworks akarondedzera nyaya pakuonekwa "guta" iri nharaunda - guta Yekaterinburg.

Gare gare pano uchawana makuru deposits endarama uye Platinum, marasha, sirivha, anokosha uye Semi-anokosha. Bauxite ari mined muna Urals, uye potassium munyu, unhu iyo anonzi akanakisisa munyika. Orenburg ndiyo inozivikanwa pakuburitswa gasi, uye Ishimbai - mafuta. Various zvokuvakisa vari zvakare zvakawanda (reraimu, machena, jecha uye ivhu).

Water pfuma Urals

Nharaunda yose Nzvimbo nharaunda inokamukana pakati madziva maviri. Vamwe nzizi nehova kutakura mvura yavo kune chando Arctic Ocean. Mvura dzimwe hova zvinofanira kuva mudziyo wokushambidzira pakati reCaspian-Lake.

Water Ural aimiririra vainyanya nenzizi. Remasangano pavo - ndiye Kama, ivo Urals, ivo Pechora, Tobol, Tura, Iset. Vose vane dzakavapo mu muMakomo Ural. Saka, muna rokumusoro mumupata nzizi dziri yakamanikana Nokutonga chaizvo. Kazhinji, kushaya mvura akanzwa chete kumaodzanyemba chikamu nharaunda. Uyezve, pane nzizi vakawanda vakasvibiswa effluents-siyana maindasitiri mabhizimisi.

Munguva Urals, pane vakawanda guru uye duku Hydroelectric simba miti. The simba kupfuura pakati pavo - ndiye Pavlovskaya, Shirokovskaya uye Yumaguzinskaya HPP. Zvisinei, kuti hydropower pfuma yamarudzi Urals haina zvakanaka nyanzvi.

Masango pakati Urals

Forest pfuma Ural zvipenyu vanofungidzirwa mabhiriyoni 3 cubic metres huni. Zvizvarwa kwemarudzi vanonzi chinokosha nemipaini, misipuresi, spruce uye larch. Masango kufukidza vanenge hafu zvachose nzvimbo mudunhu. In Mhedziso nemashoko, zviri vanenge mamiriyoni 40 hectares.

The chikuru Chikamu musango pamupendero iri kusimbiswa kuchamhembe munzvimbo yaro (kunyanya Perm uye Sverdlovsk kumatunhu). With mberi kumaodzanyemba, vakanga zvishoma nezvishoma vanotanga dondo-inowanzorimwa uye inowanzorimwa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Ural masango vakanga pasi zvakasimba cheka panguva XVIII-XIX emakore. nzvimbo duku mhandara (pristine) masango ari Urals inogona kuwanikwa chete kuchamhembe munzvimbo.

Climatic uye kuzvivaraidza pfuma nharaunda

The dzinotaurwa Urals - the Continental mhando. Uye ayo Continental zvinooneka kunowedzera mberi kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva. Winters vari refu uye zvikuru chando uye Transitional mwaka - rakanaka muchitonhorera. Precipitation yemakomo kubva 700 mm iri kuchamhembe munzvimbo 200-250 mm kumaodzanyemba chikamu. Kazhinji, okunze ari kumadokero Ural Mountains zvikuru nyoro uye munyoro, uye kumabvazuva pegomo siyana - yakaoma uye kuchitonhora.

Kuvimbisa nokuti zvokurima uye kugadzira zvibereko zvokurima ndiyo chete Central uye Yuzhnyy Ural. Kunyanya, yakafara mumupata Ural River rinomiririra dandemutande vakarima inowanzorimwa yakaorera topsoil. Ndiro huru hwokurima nzvimbo dzose Urals.

Recreational pfuma Urals - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, nharaunda yakanaka, utano okunze uye zvakawanda zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana chicherwa mvura (sulfate, yavaibvisa chloride, ferrous, bromine, radon). Pakati zvepanyama zvinokwezva kufarira ndivo mumapako, izvo zvinenge 500! Kazhinji, muna Urals nharaunda ari kushingaira kukura the, kwezvakatipoteredza, utano ushanyi.