Ndechipi dzemakomo mapazi? Altitude tsanangura Eurasia

vanhu vashoma rangarira chikoro, chii kukwira tsanangura. Pfungwa iyi anotsanangura kuchinja sezvo iwe kwira okunze zvechadenga paumbwe kuzorodzwa, matombo ivhu akafanana, uyewo kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Asi nokuda zvimwe zvikonzero, akadai kururama ruzivo pamusoro nerimwe rokuti, dzemakomo mapazi nzvimbo inozivikanwa zvikuru zvakarurama akayera parameters: okunze uye geomorphic.

Zvinomera uye dzimwe zvinoriumba kuti vanoumba dzemakomo mapazi

Kunyange zvazvo rezvinomera (pasinei rwake rusingaperi uye simba weboka nzvimbo) havasi vose nyaya, achiratidza mamiriro ano zvachose chipingamupinyi zvinhu zvinoverengeka, havafaniri zvitadzise kukosha kwayo pakugadzirwa pfungwa pamusoro kuti dzemakomo wongoramba.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kwakajairika kuwadzana zvikamu zvinomera dzinogarisana zvakasiyana-siyana dzakakwirira Tinozorodzwa vaiona kuti igamuchirwe uye nomusoro. Zvinoitwa zvakamisa hurongwa - uswa, ivhu akafanana, okunze, miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, uye zvinhu zvipenyu zvavo kwenzvimbo inogona kuva zvikamu kuti altitudinal zvikamu. For siyana gomo mugadziriro, ivo zvakasiyana. Zvikurukuru, dzemakomo mapazi Ural makomo kuchaita kwakasiyana Tibet kukwira zvikamu. Kuti zvakanaka uye yakavimbika nekuparadzanisa vaiongorora munharaunda, zvakakodzera govera zvachose shanduka chiratidzo.

Zvikonzero altitudinal zvikamu

In tichienzanisa pamapani, mu yemugomo kusiyana kwemarudzi yepamusoro zvikuru - muna 2-5 nguva. Asi chii chinokonzera "mukuru-richisimuka" dzinongoitika nzvimbo dzakakwirira?

The chikuru zvinhu - ndiwo kukwirira kumakomo, uye avo nzvimbo. Natural nzvimbo kuchinja zvinenge zvakafanana kana motokari iri pachena kubva kurutivi rwezasi kusvikira kurutivi rwokumusoro. Zvisinei, apo motokari mugomo Terrain shanduko iri zvaioneka uye zvinoitika pachidiwa yakaderera altitudes.

Dzemakomo bhandi ari mukuru kwazvo chipo achitsva latitudes. Mubhendi Arctic denderedzwa chete nokukwirira makomo dukusa nhamba zvikamu zvakadai.

Okunze mumakomo

Altitudinal zonation mumakomo zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe okunze. All mapazi mukuru-vosimba anofukidza makomo kurutivi rumwe norumwe, asi kwete tiers ose zvakafanana pakatarisana pamateru. Mujinga pamakomo okunze zvikuru zvakafanana okunze akapoteredza mumapani. Pamusoro tiers zvakawanda mwero, uye ipapo zvakakwana zvikuru mamiriro ekunze. Pamusoro pane mapazi ose permafrost uye chando. Uye, kufanana, ari pedyo Sun - saka, muna dzidziso, inodziya, asi chaizvoizvo hazvisi.

Kunyange zvazvo kunze kuitika, zvakare. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kukwira mapazi - kwete nyayawo chakajairika, uye zvinoenderana zvinhu zvakawanda. KuSiberia, pane nzvimbo okunze kunonyanyisa mujinga pane pamusoro mawere. Izvi imhaka kushaya mhepo kuparadzirwa pamihoronga pakati pamakomo.

Chii inechirevo dzemakomo mapazi ose Eurasia?

The pedyo makomo rwezasi, zvikuru nhamba uye dzakasiyana-siyana kukwira zvikamu. Urals - ndeimwe mumiririri gomo enyika.

Kumaodzanyemba chikamu dzemakomo mapazi Makomo Ural ane zvinopfuura tiers pane kuchamhembe, pasinei nokuti kumaodzanyemba makomo pazasi. In kuchamhembe panongova gomo-achinaya mvura bhandi.

Black Sea mhenderekedzo uye Amur-Sakhalin nharaunda

Kunyange zvakawanda raidudzwa musiyano munyika dzine pamusoro muGungwa Dema nemhenderekedzo of eCaucasus. Just neawa kure nemotokari, unogona kuenda kubva subtropical kumahombekombe Sochi nokuda Sub-Zvikwenzi dzinotaurwa Western eCaucasus.

Munharaunda Amur-Sakhalin kuri pamativi ose enyika yose chete chiratidzo - nzvimbo mamiriro rinoparadza. Vari akakamurwa:

• gornotundrovuyu;
• podgoltsovy - vashoma kedrovnikah, kashoma mumasango Ajan spruce, asiwo zvakasiyana inosiyana yevasungwa ibwe Birch.

Kumaodzanyemba Sikhote-Alin vose maitiro zvakafanana nezvaiitwa vamwe Amur altitudinal zvikamu.

Mamwe tiers ndeizvi: yakaderera makomo ubvise (emisidhari musango pamwe rwakafara mashizha uye kuumbwa ivhu navo, uye mamiriro okunze) Mid bhendi (masango coniferous miti uye unoenderana zvinokonzera pamusoro), mhanza kanyika (musanganiswa Conifer Proleski, kukura gobvu emisidhari Slanic, yemiorivhi ibwe Birch) Goltsovoye ubvise pacharo, iro achinaya mvura yakachena chimiro.

Kana mamiriro okunze hunowedzera Continental, mune zano rakadaro anowedzerwa masango Deciduous. Kumadokero pamakomo South Sikhote-Alin chipo nguva dziri gomo achinaya mvura ubvise podgoltsevyh nemiti (kana zvinokambaira masango gomo), chisungo Erman yakaminama, bhandi yemisipiresi-spruce masango (spruce), bhandi broadleaf-nemipaini masango (vanoondoroka masango), bhandi Deciduous masango uye bhandi dondo .

The kutsamira pamusoro timberline uye gomo dzakakwirira

To musi, akazviunganidzira yakawanda ine mashoko pamusoro sei kumusoro ndiye yokumusoro panogumira mudondo ubvise kumaodzanyemba Sikhote-Alin. The amplitude dzakakwirira vakasikwa yokumusoro muganhu vamwe matanda pemisoro uye mujinga chete siyana, rinobvisa zvakakwana guru tsika uye kunosvika mamita anopfuura 300 vertically.

Good kuoneka kunopindirana muitiro pamwe nokuwedzera kureba pamusoro yokumusoro panogumira musango ndiyewo haachatauri mudenga (zvinokonzerwa rakakwirira siyana). Zvisinei, kunyange makomo uye vari kure kugungwa nechokure iri zvinobva 15 kusvika 105 makiromita, nhamba pakati kureba matanda mutsetse uye chakaderedzwa mutengo iri rinenge chete nemumwe pamateru. mugumisiro ichi hachisi musoro chaizvo, uye kutarisira, uye saka inoda hapana tsananguro.

Incoherence kunooneka pacharo pakuti zvinoenderana ichi rinoramba simba guru kugungwa nzvimbo rokumusoro muganhu yomudondo. Kuti tive kunyatsoenderana, mumiganhu of South Sikhote-Alin gungwa pesvedzero Runonzwika okumusoro dzinodengenyeka nesimba anenge akaenzana. Kureva, dzemakomo mapazi ose Eurasia havasi kudaro novimba Kuwanikwa yamakungwa.

Zvikasadaro, zvikuru zvakadaro kumahombekombe misoro gomo latitudes (Hualaza-Litovka, Pidan-Livadijsky, Tavayza-Brusnichnaya) havafaniri kuva huru. Pano inokanganisa nezvainoita yokumusoro Muganhu dondo dzakakwirira regomo kwaasingasvikiri. Maererano cho iri dzinounzwa Cloud Mountain chete, gomo rakareba muna Southern Sikhote-Alin.

Kutsanangura Fani iyi nenzira mbiri: kana siyana panguva iyi yakakwirira kuti pachikumbaridzo tembiricha nokududza matanda yakasvika vaifanira kukwirira nharaunda, kana zvinobva imwe zvakanyatsoenzana mamiriro pamwe rokumusoro muganhu Climate uswa haana kujairana nazvo. Zvinoumba altitudinal munyika dzine kuri mugomo cranberry, anonziwo dzinoratidzwa misoro romumhenderekedzo yegungwa chikamu uye South uye Middle Sikhote-Alin, sezvinoratidzwa gomo refu Masango pomuouki masango.

Dzemakomo mapazi - yakasiyana nedzimwe chinoshamisa zvakasikwa

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo, chii dzemakomo vematunhu, anofanira kunzwisisa kuti uyu kutanga yaingowanikwa chaizvo kuti hazvina mitemo nokudenga. Kune vazhinji mumwe zvinhu zvinoita kuti pave ezvinhu, mhando zvinomera uye mhuka. Knowledge munzvimbo iyi kuonekwa nokuda yakarongeka tsvakurudzo vakawanda. Kuchinja nzvimbo kunokanganisa mwero yekupindurwa masikati nousiku, uyewo pamwaka ekunze neChikomonisiti. mashoko ose pamusoro Zvisinei, kwete pachena tsanangura chii dzemakomo wongoramba. Muchidimbu - shanduko okunze dzinodengenyeka pamwe kuwedzera kukwirira kumakomo.