Berdan pfuti: nokurondedzerwa uye mifananidzo. Makuriro nepfuti Berdan

Kuvhima pfuti Berdan yainzi yakanakisisa panguva. Zvinosuruvarisa nhasi hazvina chaizvo kuzivikanwa, kunyanya patinosangana vazhinji vatorwa yokutevedzera. Kunyange zvakadaro, basa Berdan nepfuti uto Russian kunokosha. Vave mubasa kwamakore anenge makumi maviri uye anofanira saka zvakakwana kutora nzvimbo yaro yakakodzera munhoroondo zvombo Russian.

nyaya

Musiki nepfuti Berdan chinhu American muvambi. It anokudzwa rake zita. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kopi wokutanga akabva muchina muna 1868. Muna April 1869 musiki Berdan nepfuti akasvika mwana wavo Russia. New kuroorwa-bara pfuti chaipiwa kuna Russian chamber. Zvinofadza chaizvo kuti Alexander II. The Emperor chirevo akarikunda mundege. Ndizvo nyaya yakatanga refu basa nepfuti Berdan muuto Russian. Pakutanga, muti chakarairwa nebato makopi zviuru makumi matatu. Panguva iyoyo pane imwe fekitari Bridge Port akatanga kugadzirwa nomwe uye yemiriyoni nehafu dzinenge zvombo kwaiitirwa nepfuti izvi.

Gare gare, akanga achiparidza pakupedza ari konoro kweuto Russian vaArekizandiro Gorlov uye refutenendi Gunius. Uye muna 1870, akare mienzaniso chikatsiviwa itsva maitiro Berdan pfuti - 2. aiva pasuwo nemasiraidhi uye kwainzi nechipo mumaoko diki.

kuchinja matatu mashanu pave ari mugumisiro okunatsiridza chepakutanga zvakagadzirwa. The yoku- womuenzaniso wakatangwa GAU Commission. Iye norukudzo hwevaPeresia miedzo yose uye chakagamuchirwa kupinda basa sezvo "Linear vachipfura pfuti."

zvoupenyu chikumbiro

chakanakisisa ballistics Its chaiva chikonzero kuti muenzaniso uyu akashandiswa nemasoja kuita skirmishing uye vatarisire melee. pfuti iyi raishandiswa Guard Forces kweuto Russian munguva hondo Turkish janissaries kubvira 1877 kusvika 1878. Havana kurega kushandiswa kunyange apo paiva pfuti Mosin Nagant kana. Panguva World War First, vamwe varwi vaitiridzira pfuti dzavo Berdan-2 caliber 10.75x58.

MuRussia, zvombo izvi zvakaitwa. Zvisinei, izvozvo akaisa chidhindo muna Russian, dzakadai hunde yaiva chinyorwa: "Koltovsky zvombo fekitari. MuHartford. America "uye Serial nhamba. By pakutanga Russian-Turkish hondo, mauto eRussia vanenge zviuru gumi nezvisere nepfuti Berdan. Mukuwedzera, yakawanda zvombo kwakanga mubasa iri hondo Bulgaria muhondo muna 1914. About zviuru zvina makumi matatu makopi panenge iyoyo zvakanga akanunurwa kuRussia Umambo Montenegro. Uye muna 1995-96, muhondo iri Ethiopia, zvakanga chakatengwa zviuru makumi matatu makobiri hunde dzacho vorudzi rwechitatu.

tsananguro

Kubva pfungwa nemaonero vanoshandisa ano, ichi chombo sokuti Zvechokwadi "chikara." muviri wayo refu kwazvo uye nani inorema uye katuriji ane mutema upfu shoma kune vakasununguka kupfura. Zvisinei, kana iwe kutarira zvombo meso vakararama munguva yake, ipapo zvakanakira mazhinji. The Russian hondo huru panguva iyoyo vakanga vasina bara pfuti Krnka uye Carla aine caliber pamusoro 15.2 mm. Uye pamusoro dzavaigara mumakore iwayo, "Berdan pfuti" sokuti chaihwo "melkashki" - chiedza uye kwezvokufuka.

Design zvinhu

Berdan pfuti-2 yakanga vakapakata pfuti framework, rakagadzirirwa kunonyanyisa siyana matanho mazana matanhatu. It kubhururuka pasina namushnike riri panguva rebei kubva tomu. Uye rworudyi pamusoro hunde aiva kubvisa kuti kugadzira kune bhayoneti, uye mubhedha ane yakarurama mutsipa. "Pfuti Berdan" akanga nepokuongorora bhayoneti.

pfuti Magadzirirwo zvikuru nyore. Its rukungiso mashandiro ane mainspring uye muridzi wengoma keyhole iri mukati chubhu, iyo pamwe chete shutter, wakatsenhama pamusoro transverse akabatana, vakashanda zvikuru zvakanaka. The pfuti haina vakapakata inofashaira: masoja katuriji nyaya vaifanira kusvina manually. Naizvozvo, mukuru vomunguva yake zvakarurama uye rakarurama moto, maererano nyore, izvozvo vakarasikirwa vamwe yokutevedzera.

Berdan pfuti-2 vaiva bhokisi zvakafanana mune nyaya yokutanga. Pakutanga, zvakanga zvakagadzirwa walnuts uye pashure - Birch. Handguard rakange rakanamwa Upfu zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope mezvindori zvaiva screws. Paiva vaviri. Rainzwika aivawo chete mamiriro, uye kuchinja-chinja nokuti vakaiisa bhayoneti raiva kurutivi rworudyi. Panyaya iyi, iyo bhayoneti akanga dzakachinjwa. Ari usatsungirira pasi mudende, uye kurudyi.

Nokukiya bhaudhi kutakurwa kwayo majana ne makumi mana namashanu inegumi. Izvi zvakanga zvisina kukwana kuti krupnokaliberki yakadaro, kupfura munhu anorichengeta simba. Panguva iyoyo muhomba, yakanga akashongedzerwa nepfuti Berdan shutter akazorora pamusoro musana kumadziro kuti receiver.

kushandiswa

Asi nenzira iyi akatanga kusvika muuto Russian. Shandisai pfuti yakanga nyore. Kana chubhu iri kudhonzwa pamusoro shank keyhole keyhole chubhu platoon chiito chitubu uye nenyundo yakaiswa pamusoro platoon.

Zvadaro, achitora chiduku bhora serin'i mubato, waifanira kuzarura suo uye nokukanda nayo mberi uye kumusoro, Takudzai pfuti. Mushure nokuvhara pfuti akanga agadzirira moto.

katuriji

Berdan pfuti vanogumurwa extruded ndarira ruoko mupudzi zvakaumbwa, mukati umo mukombe ndarira nechinangwa kusimbisa chivharo, uye nechepakati chivharo kwakanga. Nokubatira nitrate upfu-marasha uye mashava marasha nokuda vamabhiza kuremerwa musimboti 1 auringonlasku, kana 4,265 d Nepo pfuti Berdan-2 inifanduri vanogumurwa nevamwe kwakanyanya lähikuva -. 1.19 auringonlasku, kana magiramu shanu .. Pamusoro upfu ari papepa mukombe akaisa pacharo prosalnik yakagadzirwa mafuta rakavhenganiswa wakisi. Akanga kwaidiwa kuderedza Upfu uchisvibisa uye nani obturation. The emauto prosalnika Chuck maviri akanga zvakagoverwa. Mabara ari nepfuti Berdan vaiva humburumbira-ogival, ndokutsika, kubva yakaisvonaka kutungamirira pepa wrapper. On zuva ravo paiva indentation kuti kuisa mukati pakuguma bepa.

caliber

Putira akabatsira zvinodzivirira rifling kubva zasvintsovaniya rikurumidze. Uyezve, zviri yoga simbi ruoko, usarega chitarisiko longitudinal pamakwara pamusoro nemabara. Izvi kuremara panguva yakanga zvakajairika chaizvo uye kuoneka pavanenge nomunyika nzira Upfu.

Bara "berdanok" akangofanana caliber sezvo Upfu. Rairema 24.16 magiramu. Kana kudzingwa basa, kuti bara riri refu zvokuti ndizvipete pakureba, vakawedzera caliber uye rifling yazara. Zvichitevera yayo kuenda wrapper bepa pasi mhepo kumanikidzwa panguva kutenderera dzadonha. Kunze mabara osalivalis wrapper, nokudaro kudzikira mvongamupopoto iri Upfu panguva vachiridzira. Kusiyanisa inifanduri katuriji kubva vamabhiza kwaiva nyore zvikuru. kune wokupedzisira bara wrapping mapepa akanga mavara ari Pink, apo vaifamba katuriji yakanga chena. It anoyera 39,4 magiramu.

Initial mabara nokuti vaifamba katuriji yakanga nokukurumidza muna 1414 tsoka, kana 431 metres por wechipiri, uye vatasvi vemabhiza - 1188 m / s. Muchiitiko chokutanga chiri matanho zana maviri namatatu chibhakera simbi pepa ane maviri nehafu millimeter gobvu nerimwe. Nepo vamabhiza bara aigona kuita zvimwechetezvo, asi kure ane zana mamita.

Production muRussia

Berdan pfuti-2 pakutanga akarayira pagungano maoko fekitari Birmingham. Asi nokukurumidza akava pachena kuti uto ruoko rakakura zvakadaro ezvinhu sezvo Russia, tichiregeredza zvokuyamura kubva kunze kwenyika vasingachakwanisi. Nguva yasvika apo zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti asimbise epamba kugadzirwa kare. Asi zvakanga zvisiri nyore. Nokuti kugadzirwa "berdanok" uye cartridges kwavari zvakarurama kwazvo zvinodiwa zvakasimba modernize yeRussia maoko indasitiri. Zvikaitika, kunyange kurasikirwa zvikuru uye kushanda nesimba. Nokuwa 1872, zvose zvakanga zvagadzirwa panguva Tula Arms Plant. Panguva iyoyo takanga chipatapata ndichishanda Sestroretsk uye Izhevsk zvemaziso mafekitari.

Sezvo epamba ouinjiniya indasitiri panguva iyoyo yakanga kuchangotanga, vose michina, maturusi uye midziyo aifanira kutenga kwose. A rinokosha mukusimudzira kugadzirwa nepfuti Berdan munyika yedu pabasa British nyanzvi. Kuti zvinodiwa kweuto Russian mu cartridges kuti chombo muna 1869 muSt Petersburg yakavakwa uye vakagadzirira pamwe azvino muchini fekitari. Nokuda kuchinja chinozoiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kutanga rearm uto yakafambira mberi mumhuri yokutevedzera.

Features

Panguva iyoyo, nepfuti Berdan dzinoratidzwa zvakaisvonaka ballistics uye kururama. Zvichemo akaita chete vachida maoko kune zvakawanda lubrication. Vamwe kusagutsikana akanzwa uye pamusoro yakaderera rakavimbika vachiridzira mashandiro.

Zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Pfuti kwekutanga nekwechipiri mharidzo akanga singly uye chitoro. Gunslinger aigona kuisa miniti imwe nemabara gumi denderedzwa ane hafu mita chinhambwe zana mamita. Zvinonzi panguva iyoyo kwainzi Somugumisiro akanaka. Zvisinei, zvombo inifanduri pfuti kwainzi kunyatsoti anotambudzika: kutanga, zvaida unyanzvi akanaka kupfura kubva varwi, uye chepiri zvakafanira kuvadzidzisa kurapa kwerinenge mwedzi. Izvi imhaka yokuti inoshandisa dzidziso shutter kuvaka uye kugadzira pfuti iyi vaiva chaizvo kunzwisisa.

mari

Berdan nepfuti, kunyanya ane okunatsiridza shoma, munyika yedu nhasi vanoonekwa rarities. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, zvakaoma chaizvo kuwana. The youmambo uye muSoviet nguva zvinhu zvose zvinowanikwa dzokuchengetera iri musarudzo dzakachinjwa mune mvere-svota. Ndokusaka nhasi hariwanikwi chaizvo fekitari chaiyo kwepfuti Berdan. mutengo wayo zvakakwirira zvikuru. It zvinoenderana muenzaniso uye Kuwanikwa zvimwe kuona. Zvinokoshawo ndezvokuti ndiye hwokugadzira mamiriro chombo. On avhareji inifanduri Berdan-2 inogona kutengwa nokuda zviuru makumi manomwe rubles uye pamusoro.

Maererano zvinoshanda nhasi munyika yedu mumutemo, chete pamberi nyanzvi mafungiro kuBazi Culture kubvuma nemagariro kukosha nepfuti, zvinogona pemurairo kuva akasununguka wechiGeorgian.