Thyristors - chii ichi? Nheyo kushanda uye maitiro thyristors

Thyristors - simba yemagetsi haizoshandisi nevanhu incompletely. Kazhinji, zvekushandisa mabhuku, unogona kuona imwe zita mudziyo uyu - chimwe chinangwa thyristor. Nemamwe mashoko, pasi pokudzora munhu kuzvidzora chiratidzo, zvinonzi kune imwe hurumende - kuitisa. Kana chaizvo chinosanganisira nengetani. Kuti akatendeuka kure, zvakakodzera kusika chaiwo ezvinhu kuti zvinopa anodonha zvakananga kuitika mune aitenderera razero.

Features thyristors

Thyristor makiyi kuitisa magetsi chete ari mberi negwara, uye unogona kumira kwete chete zvakananga namahwindo nzvimbo, asi neizvi voltage. Sechivako mana-wokutanga thyristor, pane vatatu mhedziso:

1. The anode (runotaurwa tsamba A).
2. The cathode (tsamba C kana K).
3. Gedhi electrode (U kana G).

In thyristors vane mhuri yose kuitika-voltage unhu, vanogona kushandiswa kuzotonga mamiriro maatomu akafanana. Thyristors - yakasimba chaizvo zvemagetsi makiyi, vanokwanisa kuita nokuchinja nematunhu, mumwe voltage anogona kusvika 5,000 volts uye amperage - 5000 amperes (kakawanda haasi mukuru 1000 Hz).

Basa thyristors muna DC

Normal thyristor iri kusashanda nokutumira kuitika kupomba kudzora inouraya. Uyezve, tinofanira kuva nemaonero akanaka (panyaya cathode). Nguva yose zvinopfuura mutoro zvaanoda hunhu (inductive, kushingaira), kuti amplitude uye mwero kuwedzera kuitika kupomba iri kudzorwa redunhu, tembiricha iri semiconductor sekristaro uye vakashandisa voltage uye dunhu ano iripo thyristors. Characteristics vematunhu iri zvakananga novimba mhando dzose semiconductor maatomu akafanana.

Mudunhu iroro, sezvamakaropafadzwa thyristor ndechokuti, unacceptably yakakwirira chinowanikwazve yevanhu voltage kuwedzerazve. Zvinoti, kukosha zvakadaro izvo kwatangwa nokuchinja chinhu (kunyange kana pasina chiratidzo kudzora redunhu). Asi panguva imwe chete ari kudzora chiratidzo anofanira nokukwirira kwazvo materu.

nzira kure

Two Mhando nokuchinja thyristors ndiwo:

1. Natural.
2. Kudzosera.

Zvino zvose zvakawanda pamusoro nerimwe. Natural chinovapo kana thyristor unoshanda ane AC remudunhu. Uye anoita commutation ichi apo magetsi chinozova Zero. Asi kuita kumanikidzwa nokuchinja kunogona kuva yakawanda dzakasiyana. Chii thyristor kuzvidzora yokusarudzira yokuvaka kugadzirisa dunhu, asi vanofanira kutaura mumwe mhando yoga.

Chinonyanya chaiwo nzira kubatanidza kumanikidzwa commutation capacitor iyo yave mhosva pachishandiswa bhatani (kiyi) pachine. LC-redunhu rwuripowo thyristor kudzora redunhu. rine chain ane zvakazara mhosva capacitor. Zvinopfuura nokufamba kuitika mune ano mutoro redunhu.

Nzira vanomanikidzwa commutation

Kune mhando vanoverengeka kumanikidzwa commutation. Inowanzoshandiswa redunhu, iro rinoshandisa nokuchinja capacitor ane kunoshandurwa polarity. Somuenzaniso, kuti capacitor anogona kuitwa kupinda mudunhu pachishandiswa webetsero thyristor. Izvi achaita zvinoyerera kune chikuru (kushanda) thyristor. Izvi zvichaguma kuti capacitor pari rinotungamirirwa kurutivi rakananga ano makuru thyristor, kuchaderedza magetsi mudunhu pasi razero. Somugumisiro, kuchava kure thyristor. Izvi zvinoitika nokuti kuti thyristor mudziyo ine unhu aro rakasiyana kwaari.

Panewo zvirongwa umo LC-kwakabatana cheni. Vari pauri (uye nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana). Pakutanga pakuyerera kuitika inoyerera kurutivi mushandi, uye avo tsika pashure igadziridzwe iri adzima thyristor. Pashure ngetani oscillatory kuitika runoyerera napakati thyristor iri semiconductor diode. Saka, chero bedzi mamiriro Rwako kuti thyristor rinoshandisirwa munhu voltage. It modulo akaenzana voltage donhwe mhiri diode.

Basa thyristors muna AC nematunhu

Kana thyristor yaisanganisira munguva AC dunhu, anogona kuitwa kwacho:

1. Vakwanise kana chokukuvadza remudunhu zvemagetsi nokuva-resistive kana resistive mutoro.
2. Change avhareji uye rms kuitika izvo ichipfuura mutoro, tichikwanisa kudzora dura kudzora chiratidzo.

In thyristor makiyi, pane chimwe chinhu - Ivo kuitisa kuitika mune imwe chete chete. Naizvozvo, kana mumatunhu zvakafanira kushandisa rakatumbuka razvino, zvakakodzera kushandisa pakaunda-yakafanana papi. Current uye avhareji iyezvino tsika dzinosiyana-siyana nokuti kuti nguva chiratidzo pamusoro siyana thyristors. Panyaya iyi, iyo thyristor simba anofanira kusangana shoma zvinodiwa.

The danho kudzora nzira

Kana danho kudzora nzira mhando ne kumanikidzwa nokuchinja mutoro kuchinja kunoitika nokuchinja pamakona pakati maitikiro. Chakagadzirwa nokuchinja anogona kuitwa pachishandiswa anokosha nematunhu, kana zvikasadaro unofanira kushandisa zvakazara vakakwanisa (lockable) thyristors. On dzavo hwaro, kazhinji akaita mudziyo mundiro thyristor, izvo zvinoita kuti kuchinja simba ano , zvichienderana padanho bhatiri vebasa.

Pulse upamhi modulated masimba

It Anonziwo PWM vachisiyanisa inzwi. Munguva Panovhurwa kuzvidzora chiratidzo vaipa kune thyristors. Kuchinja dzakadziuka, uye ane mutoro voltage. Panguva nokuvhara (munguva yezwi yose muitiro) iri zvokudya kudzora chiratidzo, saka thyristors regai kuitisa ano. Pakutevedzera Pasika kuzvidzora ano munyonga hakusi sinusoidal, kuchinja voltage chiratidzo fomu. Somugumisiro, panewo kuvhiringidza vatengi vari tisanzwe yakakwirira maitikiro vachivavhiringidza (kusapindirana anooneka). Simple magadzirirwo ane thyristor regulator, hunoita hapana dambudziko kushandura achida ukoshi. Uye hazvina zvakakodzera kushandisa wandisa Latro.

thyristors lockable

Thyristors - iri simba chaizvo yemagetsi haizoshandisi akashandiswa nokuchinja dzakakwirira voltages uye dzenzvimbo. Asi pane vane mumwe chinanga huru - kukwana kuzvidzora. Uye kana zvakananga, zvinoita sokuti kuti kudzima thyristor zvakakodzera kusika zvinhu pasi izvo zvakananga pari uchaderedzwa kusvikira razero.

Ndicho ichi chinoratidza zvinoisa mamwe rairambidzwa kushandisa thyristors, uye zvinoomesa dunhu yakavakirwa pavo. Kubvisa zvainovhiringidzawo zvakadaro, chaiye pamasikiro thyristors, izvo rakakiyiwa chiratidzo chimwe kudzora electrode kunge yakatanga. Dzinonzi dvuhoperatsionnymi, kana rakanyatsozarirwa, thyristors.

Pamasikiro thyristor chijana-kure

Four-rukoko maumbirwo S.-N-p-N kubva thyristor ine maitiro ayo. Ivo kuvapa vakasiyana kwakajairika thyristors. Zvino anoenda zvizere vanzwe kuzvidzora. The kuitika-voltage mamirire (kunofambira mberi) nokuti mberi kwounyanzvi kwakafanana kuti ari vanhuwo thyristors. Heano chete zvakananga kuitika thyristor zvinogona kutapurira zvakawanda nokuda ukoshi. Asi ichivharira yakakwirira neizvi voltage basa iri rakakiyiwa thyristors haina inopiwa. Naizvozvo, chinofanira kwakabatana munguva Anti-kufanana chete semiconductor diode.

A maitiro chinoratidza pasuwo kutendeukira-kure thyristor - chinokosha ichidonhedzera mberi voltages. Kuti patsanura, kuti pakunamata vanofanira kuva goho kudzora chakasimba kuitika kupomba (negative ari nhamba 1: 5 kusvika zvakananga kuitika ukoshi). Asi kupomba upamhi inofanira kuva diki sezvinobvira - 10 ... 100 MS. Lockable thyristors vane yakaderera muganhu kukosha voltage uye ano pane dzose. Musiyano uri pamusoro 25-30%.

marudzi thyristors

Kumusoro vaionekwa lockable, asi kuchine marudzi akawanda semiconductor thyristors, idzo uyewo ukoshi nezvenyu. In chinonyanya dzakasiyana zvakagadzirwa (ndiro, haizoshandisi, simba regulators) kushandisa mamwe thyristors. Kumwe kunodiwa kudzora kuteererwa unokupai chiedza zvinoyerera Saka, aishandisa optotiristors. Its chinhu ndechokuti semiconductor sekristaro rinoshandiswa kudzorwa redunhu, iro inonyatsoziva chiedza. Parameters thyristors zvakasiyana, zvose zviri zviri rakasiyana kwavari. Naizvozvo zvakafanira kupfuura iri pfungwa mukuru chii siyana semiconductors, pane uye apo vanogona kushandiswa. Saka, pano ndicho yose Pamazita uye zvikuru unhu neimwe mhando:

1. Diode-thyristor. Yakaenzana chaikosha ichi - the thyristor zvakabatana muna Anti-yakafanana semiconductor diode.
2. Shockley diode (diode thyristor). Anogona kupinda ezvinhu zvizere conduction, kana ivo kupfuura imwe voltage pamwero.
3. Triac (sym thyristor). Yakaenzana - thyristors maviri re Anti-zvakafanana.
4. Thyristor inverter kutsanya mukuru nokuchinja nokukurumidza chakasiyana (5 ... 50 MS).
5. Thyristors kudzora FET. kazhinji Unogona kuwana kuvaka yakavakirwa mos transistors.
6. Optical thyristors, izvo anodzora chekubuda chiedza.

The Implementation of kuchengeteka eremendi

Thyristors - ndangariro kuti vari dzinonetsa kusvika mwero kuwedzera mberi kuitika uye mberi voltage. Kwavari, sezvo iri semiconductor diodes, inozivikanwa nokuda Chiitiko pakati aibuda neizvi kupora ano, iri tichitsanya chaizvo uye zvikuru chinozova zero, achiwedzera kuti ichi mukana wokuti pakaitika. overvoltage Izvi imhaka chokuti nokukurumidza chinomisa kuitika mune zvinhu zvose mudunhu, vane inductance (kunyange Ultra pasi inductance cho ungano - tambo, njanji kadhi). Kuti pave dziviriro zvakakodzera kushandisa zvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana kuti simba modes kuchengetedza pamusoro dzakakwirira voltages uye dzenzvimbo.

Kazhinji, asi inductive impedance ari voltage panobva, izvo zvaisanganisira ari thyristor redunhu anodawo, ane mutengo kwakadaro kuti kupfuura zvakakwana kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti hapana mberi zvinosanganisira mamwe redunhu inductance. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mune tsika anowanzoshandiswa cheni inotungamirwa nokuchinja nzira iyo yekudyidzana kunoderedza mwero uye nenhanho vanopinda mudunhu kana thyristor dzikaita kure. Capacitive-Resistive cheni zvinowanzoshandiswa kuti zvinangwa izvi. Inosanganisira thyristor mu zvakafanana. Kune vazhinji mhando mashoma redunhu okunatsiridza matunhu zvakadai, uyewo dzokubvisa kukarukureta kwavo, parameters kuti kushanda thyristors mu modes siyana uye mamiriro. Asi cheni inotungamirwa nzira nokuchinja chijana-kure thyristor kwakafanana kuti ari transistors.