Chii, kukura rwokutaura ontogenesis

Pfungwa kukurukurirana vanoziva uye zvakazara kuti ruzhinji rwevanhu. Mitauro yokukurukurirana rava chinokosha achishandisa dzokukurukurirana pfungwa dzake sezvo akagadzira kuti vana vaduku, uye vakuru. Chimwe chinhu ndechokuti unhu inzwi kushandiswa angava akasiyana. Maererano nenyanzvi, vanhu padzimba akawanda hwake kuunganidza ruzivo pakushandisa mutauro senzira nomuromo yokukurukurirana, kuwedzera izvozvo nenzira dzakasiyana. Mukutanga post-embryo zera muvanhu, dzinokosha unyanzvi yokukurukurirana nayo kunze nyika, kusanganisira uye matauriro. Kukura rwokutaura ontogenesis kunoitika mumatanho, zvimwe izvo zvinogona kuratidza padanho unyanzvi data, izvo, pakutanga aitarire, hazvina chokuita netsika yokuti mutauro yokukurukurirana.

General information about kutaura

Nomuromo kutaurirana inogona sechinoitika ruzivo-kugoverana chokushandisa. Zviri nemhaka psycholinguistic muitiro kuti yakabuda nokuda mutauro unyanzvi, munhu akakwanisa kushandisa kare uye mamiriro nazvo nevamwe vanhu. Nokudaro akatora chimiro uye kukura unyanzvi kare vanhu. Pamwe izvi, haugoni kuonekwa voga kubva pakarepo chishandiso kwayo Implementation - mutauro. Kudivi rimwe, rinoreva kuti muviri nekunyatsotsanangura nhengo, uye pane dzimwe - yakatarwa zviratidzo zvinoratidza ichi kana kuti Chiitiko, kana chinhu munyika chaiyo. Quality kushandiswa mutauro noumhizha iri pakutsvaga unyanzvi uye kunyatsoshanda yokukurukurirana. Uye kukura rwokutaura ontogenesis rudzi hwaro hwokuvakira haizopereri paumbwe nekunyatsotsanangura, uye nemamwe mano.

Features uye mashandiro anoita kutaura

Sezvatotaurwa, izvozvo akabvumira munhu kuti vabudirire ano uye hwaiva yakakwirira siyana mabasa. Izvi chakaitwa ndechokuti munhu kuti zvinobudirira kushandisa mashandiro anoita nomuromo yokukurukurirana inobvira kuvonga. Izvi kuchikonzerwa Zvaiitwa pakukurukurirana, inomira mushanduri pfungwa imwe munhu. Pano zvinofanira kusimbiswa, uye anokwanisa kunzwisisa kutaura, pasina izvo psycholinguistic muitiro kana yekudyidzana kwezvinoshandiswa kana hazvina musoro. Panguva imwe cheteyo, uye kushandiswa kwayo kunoita kuti tibvunze kuti pachake rezvedzidzo basa, umo kuwedzera unyanzvi hwakadai ndangariro, pfungwa, mafungiro, uye zvichingodaro. D. Sezvo kukurukurirana basa, mano aya pakuti sei zvinobudirira matauriro pachayo. Kukura rwokutaura ontogenesis anoteya Qualitative zvechadenga kuti unyanzvi. Pakati pavo ndiko kugona zvine musoro wokushandura pfungwa, dudziro zvakakodzera, expressiveness uye zvinobudirira, kureva matambudziko pamusoro interlocutor.

kutaura basa nzendo

Pane akasiyana nzira kuti systematization matanho pakuitika iyo, pamwe kunosiyana inosiyana kuchinyanya ndiyo nokuumbwa unyanzvi pakushandisa kutaura. Asi kazhinji zvose zvakafanana pane zvinhu zvitatu matanho - a regadziriro, pre-kuchikoro uye pre-kuchikoro nguva. The kwokutanga Danho kunosanganisira kukura rwokutaura nguva kusvikira gore rimwe. Uye inogona kupatsanurwa uye vanoverengeka nguva, sezvo panguva ino pane dzakawanda vangasimudzira kukosha Kuchinja pfungwa dziri kukura. Izvi zvinoteverwa inonzi chikuru kana pre-kuchikoro rwakazara, imwe inogumbura iyo mwana kare vanofanira kuwana unyanzvi hunokosha pamwe chete inzwi mudziyo wacho. Asi zvakare, zviri chete kutanga mumatanho kutaura chiitiko ontogeny, imwe haafaniri kutarisira zvinokosha kunoguma tichitarisa chekunatsiridza kutaura. Chechitatu Danho kunosanganisira unyanzvi kare pakuva girama Ezvemutauro.

Wokutanga kutaura siyana

Kubva pamazuva okutanga wokuberekwa tsika kunyange wokugaya siyana pakutaura haigoni kutaura, asi iyi inokosha panyaya paumbwe Vocal midziyo. Zvakakosha, nekuti panguva iyoyo zvinokwanisika kubvisa zvimwe vasiri vakaremara kuti vakazoroorwa kuva chigumburiso zvizere kukura nekunyatsotsanangura nemano. Saka, inzvimbo chaiyo ine miviri rokuongorora kuti achasarudza remangwana kukura rwokutaura ontogenesis. Muchidimbu, mitumbi izvi zvinogona kunzi munhu vanamwari vatatu vatatu kuti zvinosanganisira kufema, izwi uye nekunyatsotsanangura namano. The mwana uyu nguva vanotanga kuratidza kufamba madhipatimendi izvi, iro akapa kudanidzira kuchema.

Language kukura mumwedzi mitanhatu upenyu chokutanga

5-6 mwedzi, mwana anotanga kuomesa Vocal midziyo, anogona nechivimbo makuhwa uye kuridza mhere. By kuguma nzvimbo richiratidzwa Gulen, iro rinogona anopa mashoko pamusoro zvichibvira kuremara. Chiizve chinokosha, muna kufanana kukura pachavo mano avo wezvokukurukurirana, vana vanotanga vanoshingaira kutora pati ruzha, achivapa yakasiyana ukoshi. Vabereki akapoteredza zvavo kungaita nenzvimbo mashoko akapoteredza nokuwadzana. Kazhinji, kunyanya kukura rwokutaura ontogenesis dzinongoita vakaumbwa kubudikidza pokudzora kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. On mwana zvakunoita intonation, munhu ezvinhu nuances uye mifananidzo maitiro. Kuti usimbise vamwe muenzaniso ezvinhu, Zvinokurudzirwa kusazvidzokorora kanoverengeka - hwomwana ndangariro panguva iyi kazhinji hubudirire chishandiso kukura, pane zvinhu nekunyatsotsanangura unyanzvi.

Stage huchangotanga nguva kubvira 5 kusvika 12 mwedzi

Nguva iyi inozivikanwa vaviri kuchinja kunokosha kuti kucharatidza pamwero mutsva kukura mutauro unyanzvi mwana. Chekutanga, icho kushingaira kutevedzera vakuru. Vana havafaniri chete kutevedzera ruzha kuburikidza iyo Kutaurirana zvaitika, asi kutevedzera chaizvo hurongwa ose nekunyatsotsanangura emashoko. Saka, randinenge muenzaniso hwokuvakira nayo. Kukura rwokutaura ontogenesis Panguva iyi zvakare envisages nokusimbaradza neshamwari pakati mashoko uye kunze nyika, asi kunzwisisa uye mupfungwa coloring. Pano unogona kutara guru shanduko wechipiri kutungamirirwa ramangwana kukura. chidzoke ichi ane kunyatsoenderana dzekukurira mashoko uye zvirevo. Mwana anoona zvizere mukuru uye zvinotora pamusoro wayo hwaro vane chinetso.

Stage huchangotanga nguva kubva 1 kusvika 3 years

Panguva iyi, mwana aumbwa nekunyatsotsanangura midziyo uye yatarwa notional hwaro pamusoro raakanga anogona kuziva vakuru vanoti. Uye kana mugore kunzwisisa mashoko okutanga kuitika mune generalized chimiro, panguva ino, vana kare nhaka zvakawanda kana zvishoma kugadzikana kutaura, kunyange zvazvo pamwe zvikanganiso zvakakura. Somuenzaniso, vanogona kuvhiringidza zvichirehwa mamwe mashoko, dzinosiya Zvireva mwene, uye ruzivo kuoma tichitarisa zvikumbiro. Panguva iyi mutauro kukura panguva ontogeny kunyanya kunoitika nokuda kuunganidza mashoko. Kureva, zvokuimba kukurukurwa yatova padariro basa inotungamirwa uye chete akavandudzika, asi vana vazhinji vangaomerwa chaiyo kubva kushaya mashoko.

Stage huchangotanga nguva kubva 3 kusvika 7 Makore

Kutanga kubva 3 namakore, vana vanogona kare kutaura pfungwa dzavo nenzira inonzwisisika, apo Kuomerera girama marongerwo. Chokwadi, iyi ichava yakawanda zvikanganiso. Vazhinji vavo vachiri vanobvumirwa nokuda nekusagona zvakakodzera kushandisa zvirevo yakaoma uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko, akabvumira uye zvikanganiso zviri emashoko mazwi. Uyewo phonemic maonero hwapedyo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwana mukuru kunyatsoshanda kungava dzakakodzera kwomunhu inzwi kudzora pachake. Anonzwa pachake uye anoruramisa, kunobva mitemo wakasiyiwa vakuru. Naizvozvo, kudzidza kushanda vabereki zvichiri kukosha. Mukuwedzera, kukura kutaura vana vari ontogenesis Panguva iyi zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe kuvandudzika nounhu hwakadai mafungiro, uchiyeuka uye maonero.

Kugadzirwa phonetic uye phonemic unyanzvi

Asunga kukwanisa kuona ruzha nevanhu nzeve uye kutamba navo zvakarurama kuumbwa pamwe kukura yepakarepo nhengo nezera kutaura. Nemamwe mashoko, yose kutaura midziyo uye inzwi zvikamu pamwe nechepakati auditory mamiriro zvinonamatwa, izvo zvinowanzoita kuti intuitively tenzi mwana. Uyezve, pfungwa kunogona kubhadharwa kuti nekunyatsotsanangura nokuti unhu emashoko kunoenderana payo. Uyewo hworatidza pacharo, uye anokwanisa kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana nenzwi zvenzwi. Manzwiro vari kuramba kuzivikanwa chaizvo raidudzwa mamwe mashoko. Intonation, zvikurukuru, panguva ino anowana yayo manyorero kuti nguva dzose kunogona kudzokorora pamafambiro akapoteredza vakuru.

Pfungwa Kuwedzera lexical uye zvivakamutauro chawo

Kuwedzera kuunganidza mashoko, panguva ino mwana ari kuedza kubatanidza zvakanaka. The chords or the nyore nayo kare abudirire, asi zvakadaro zvingava nezvinetso nekugadzirira kunzwisisa mashoko. Unyanzvi zvakakodzera utariri nyaya kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma. Uyewo, kukudziridza mano kusiyanisa matauriro muitiro muuzhinji uye kureva uye kuvhara t. D. The Papera nguva, kunoitika munguva kukura zvivakamutauro mamiriro rwokutaura ontogeny, dzinoratidzwa paumbwe syntactic uye morphological kwevari noumhizha. Vana vanodzidza unyanzvi kweshoko inotungamirwa uye inzwi, yakazvimiririra kuti anobata uye kudzidza zvakanaka mubato kunetseka. Uye vachiri phonetics uye kukwanisa kuona zvinhu pakutaura ndechimwe guru zvimwewo zvinoitika, nokuda izvo mwana hwapedyo kukwanisa kwake kukurukura.

Kugadzirwa coherent rwokutaura ontogenesis

In iyi pane misoro nokusimbaradza unyanzvi nhaka kutaura akasiyana pamakona - kubva ekuteerera, morphological, lexical uye girama. Zvakabatanidzwa kunoda mwana yakawanda nesimba uyewo kuwedzera kunosanganisira kushanda kwendangariro. Vari kuumbwa uye nounyanzvi kuchengetedza nhaurirano iri kare nhengo kwete chete nyore kana kunzwisisa zvirevo, asi kunoda hwakanyatsorwisa anokurumidza kutukana siyana kupa nzira mibvunzo nemhinduro. Sezvo mifananidzo pakutaura kukura mune ontogenesis unoratidzei, vana vanotanga kubhadhara ngwariro chaiyo nedanho pakukurukurirana uye ayo chechinyorwa. The generality ezvinhu, runokusunganidzai mwana uye pakanyorwa interlocutor, ane mwoyo wake ambotaura.

Possible hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka zviri nedanho mutauro kukura

Speech zvikanganiso ainyanya chokuita hypoplasia chepfungwa mashandiro, asi kazhinji dzinoitika uye mumuviri abnormalities. Kazhinji zvose zvinokonzera mukwanisi mumwe, nokuti izvo akaumba muedzo akagadzirwa zvinhu, tisingabvumiri inonzwisisika kuwana nzira ndichiva kubvisa dambudziko. zvikanganiso izvi zvinogona kunzi alalia, dysphonia, logoneurosis uye saka .. Vamwe abnormalities chokuita kuvhiringidzika nedanho dzidzo inzwi, nezvimwe zvinetso zvinokonzerwa nokunzwa rubatsiro, nepo vamwe murege kuti kuronga temporitmicheskuyu ushande zvakanaka. Dzimwe nguva zvokukura zvirwere rwokutaura ontogenesis haagoni kugadzirisa pazera duku. Asi sezvavanokura, kunyange mukati kwokutanga nzendo inotungamirwa kutaura kukurira kutyorwa yakadaro iri kuramba yakaoma.

mhedziso

Maererano nenyanzvi, hapana muenzaniso mukuru ine kukura kutaura nemano. Sezvo paumbwe unyanzvi hwakadai mwana ose semabhiriji hwapedyo yayo ezvinhu, achimubatsira kunzwisisa mitemo nemazano zviri izvo zvakavakirwa. Kukura rwokutaura ontogenesis zvangoitikawo kuti amudanire dzimwe unyanzvi. Zvinofanira kugadzirira zvakare. Somuenzaniso, kungava mukutanga mumatanho kunzwa yokudzokorora. kurira ruzha, asi kutaura navo kusvikira vanogona kuita. Mune zvimwe zvinhu zviri Kusiyanisa wacho zviri kutaura kukurukurirana kuitika chikamu phonetic maonero, asiwo kuchaitika munguva yemberi achiumba mano mashoko mutongo Kumbofungatira yacho uye kuchengetedza dialogs.