The mudziyo iziso kwevanhu. mapofu-nzvimbo

Mapofu gwapa zviri basa chiedza the retina. Zvakajairika kuti ziso munhu utano munhu. Pane bofu nzvimbo nokuda emandiriri mudziyo yeziso. On nzvimbo iyi etsinga fibers ari the retina kuenda pamusoro, vari kuenda munzvimbo iri optic etsinga, uye iyewo, inopfuura nomunyika the retina mhiri. nzvimbo iyi ziso rine chiedza receptors uye, naizvozvovo, haaoni kuona mashoko.

Izvi safunga nemamiriro ziso riri tsanangudzo tichitarisa shanduka. Cephalopods paziso rake hapana bofu makwapa havasi. Pana octopus Somuenzaniso, tsinga fibers ari optic etsinga achiumbwa mhiri ari the retina. Vamwe vari kuedza kupa pfungwa tsananguro kuti chiitiko ichi uye kuyera nacho tichitarisa zvakasikwa "upfumi" simba uye kushandiswa rikurumidze pamusoro Resource photopigments.

Pane mapofu makwapa ziso rimwe, uye anokwanisa kuva zvakafanana, ichibata. Munhu yavo pamberi nepaburi zviziviso. Kuti aratidze mapofu panzvimbo weziso, zvakakodzera kushandisa rinokosha bvunzo mufananidzo. Uyewo, basa uropi anomururamisa perceptual nhengo chifananidzo, somugumisiro, tinoona mufananidzo rakazara chinhu pasina kukanganiswa echitema.

Saka, ziso mano uye zvikurukuru CNS basa dzinoita kuti munhu pfungwa kuti chinhu vanofarira. Kana kufarira iri zvinosiyana chaizvo, kana anokonzerwa chaizvo runako chimiro, chero zvazvingava, ziso rakanaka unokubvumira kuwana zvose zvakafanira kuona mashoko.

Kana isu funga muudzame sechivako yevanhu ziso, unogona kuonekwa munzvimbo nechepakati fundus duku mwoyo, uyewo anonzi nechepakati fossa. Iyi inzvimbo Nhongonya inonaka "mifananidzo". Nokudaro, mukuru cho mutsara pamberi mirayiridzo axially achitevedza nechepakati fossa uye pakati izvo nyaya yacho.

The nharaunda yakapoteredza fovea rava nzvimbo macular nzvimbo. Iyi inzvimbo anokonzera zuva chiratidzo uye yakanaka ruvara maonero. Nokubviswa macula zvabuda ari zvinoderedza uwandu retinal pasikweya uye tsvimbo nokuwedzera kugutsikana. It tsvimbo vane basa chiratidzo usiku uye uve zvinoreva zvinozipa siyana. Ndizvozvo pedyo macula uye ari bofu gwapa. Sezvambotaurwa, nzvimbo iri pachena uye pamusoro pasikweya, uye kubva zvimiti. Glade kune optic etsinga papilla havagoni kuona chinhu.

mudziyo ziso zvikuru musoro. mudziyo uyu Manyiminya ane dzinongoitika mukuru functionality uye anokwanisa kupa kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe kubva muzana mashoko kugamuchirwa uropi hwomunhu.

Kutaura zvazviri, kuvapo chiedza panzvimbo zvoga irrationality marongerwo weziso kwevanhu, izvo zvakazara ndanyarara hangu nokuda kwayo pakawanda. Kana nechepakati fossa uye yeyero gwapa vane basa nomufananidzo zvakajeka uye yakanakisisa maonero yechiedza, pamusoro peripheral chikamu munda, saka anonzi chiono chakajeka, mhosva pamwe mashandiro kuumba munhu kumashure uye kuona ndiro rine chokwadi pakati. Zvadaro arikunze yakawanda kure, zviri kukonzera zvinonyatsorehwa maonero uye ane rakawedzera aikanganiswa yomumugwagwa anonongedzera. Zvino nomumumvuri arikunze, izvo kunyange mwaranzi yechiedza, anosika kumboenda razero-ruvara. Ndiwo pokutangira kuenzanisa ruvara nezvekufadza.

Kokutanga bofu gwapa 1668 inorondedzerwa Edme Mariotte. Nokuti mambo French Louis XIV, ichi zvakawanikwa rava mhando dzevaraidzo. Akanga ane kunaka kufadzwa kuona vaaitonga sokunge vakanga vasina vakuru. Paivawo mumabhuku ano pasina kushandisa mufananidzo vasiri zviri nemamiriro womunhu ziso. Bhuku "Stalker. Bofu gwapa "Victor Nochkin ane glaring muenzaniso.