The mashandiro rakafuridzirwa uye kuregedza kushanda. Marongerwo mitemo mukuru kushanda kufema hurongwa

Pasina kufema munhu haararami, uye maminitsi nomwe. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kushanda kwemuviri, kunyange zvazvo tisina zvinoedza zvose zvavanogona kuti ayo Implementation. kuti mashandiro rakafuridzirwa uye yapfuura sei? Ndezvipi nhengo uye hurongwa inoshandisa?

munhu kufema

Nokuti upenyu vedu vanoda okisijeni. Ichi chinhu chinokosha pamusoro afemeruke, izvo zvinopa simba muviri uye muviri. Anoomesa mumapapu vari gaseous ezvinhu pamwechete mhepo, kupararira yose muviri, iyo oxidized uye yabudiswa kubva muviri saizvozvo.

The mashandiro kufema - fema, exhale - unoshanda dzose. Nhambo munhu anoita vanenge 14 kufamba kwakadaro vacheche kunowedzera nhamba kuti 50. mweya womunhu mumwe pezvakaitwa shoma kuti zvinogona kudzorwa nokungwaririra uye mukusaziva.

A duku kuedza kuda tinogona kuchinja ayo kakawanda uye nguva, uye, kana zvakakodzera, uye rinokuyeuchidza abate kuti masekonzi mashoma. Mano ichi anofanira kuva munhu Somuenzaniso, panguva rwendo. Bata mweya wenyu yakarebesa, hatigoni kuti, uropi anofa pasina okisijeni kuti mashanu nomwe maminitsi.

The mashandiro rakafuridzirwa uye kuregedza kushanda

Zvipenyu vane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana uye kufema zvigadziriswe. Vamwe vanoshandisa pepasi womuviri, mumwe - the gills, vamwe vane chiedza. Muvanhu, pane nechinzwano zvokunze zvinyama pulmonary afemeruke. Zvinyama inomiririra okisijeni rinodyiwa viscera masero.

Pulmonary afemeruke rinoitwa mumatanho maviri: gasi mukutsinhana pamwe Formação de, uye ipapo neropa. Air kubva mumhepo, okisijeni-vafumiswa, inopfuura nomunyika mhino, huro, tracheobronchial muti uye kupinda pulmonary Formação de.

Vopa mhepo kupinda muropa, izvo anotakura kuti nhengo dzose midziyo. Kubva ropa munzvimbo Formação de mhepo akaora yakazara carbon dioxide, riri yabudiswa kubva muviri pamwe nedzinovengwa.

inspiratory uye expiratory mashandiro rinopa kufefetedza of Formação de. Akaita achibatsirwa ari kufema tsandanyama, izvo anowedzera zviri mubhokisi, vachibvumira kuti dhayira mumapapu kusvikira 7 litres mhepo paminiti. The kuwedzera anouya nokumutsa mbabvu (kazhinji vakadzi) kana nokuda flattening ari diaphragm (nokuti vanhu uyewo panguva yechiitwa).

Upper kufema turakiti

Kukosha ari kufema ino havasi chete, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane ayo pachake nerevane. munhu kufema hurongwa kunosanganisira okumusoro kufema turakiti, uye kufema hurongwa pachayo. Yokumusoro nzira raimiririra nasal mhango, nasopharynx, oropharynx uye dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango chikamu.

The menzvimbo nasal mhango wakafukidzwa bvudzi uye mucosa. It anoita Sefa, ane chikuru basa - kudzivirira guruva, tsvina uye utachiona kupinda muviri. Pano mhepo iri kudziyirwa uye humidified.

Mipata miviri pamhino mhango zvakabatana kuti nasopharynx. Iyewo, kwakabatana kune Eustachian chubhu, ndiye anokonzera kumanikidzwa muripo.

The oropharynx akayambuka kufema uye alimentary nzira. It ndeyevanyori zveshure uye divi madziro nomumukanwa mhango uye anokonzera pachena emashoko. Apo kudya kutaura nyoro mukanwa rinobuda kutadzisa ingress mhepo uye zvokudya mumba nasopharynx.

Lower kufema turakiti

The pharynx anotakura mhepo kusvika dokeriro. Yakanga kubva pakutanga pajinga Airways. Dokeriro akaumba aiwanzopiwa wokushanda uye unpaired cartilages chokuita pamwe nemarunda uye tsandanyama. Muscle marwadzo dzinosiyana glottal chimiro uye makakatanwa tambo, apo ruzha kunotangira.

The dokeriro hwakabatana nomuchubhu kusvika 15 masendimita pakureba - the trachea. Her magumo rinotsemuka, akatendeuka kupinda principales. The chikuru kushanda trachea ndiko zvakaitika mhepo mumapapu uye musana. Hazvina chinjwa uye rinoumbwa shwashwa, saka mhepo runoyerera kuburikidza nayo chero vachichinjana mutsipa.

The principales vari aiwanzopiwa wokushanda nhengo, uye kupinda mumapapu. Kusiyiwa wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose kurudyi bronchus, kodzero zvikuru vertically. Vari akaumba cartilaginous zvindori uye anotsvedzerera tsandanyama, mucosa mukati Coated.

Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane bazi - zvakarurama gumi navo, muna gumi kuruboshwe. Node nodes pamusoro ramifications Kutamiswa zvemapapu node rinenge ropa akatamisira ne Árbol arteries kubva thoracal yeropa.

mapapu

dzimwe nguva Chiedza anonzi rezasi kufema turakiti. Ivo riri mubhokisi mhango ane divi mwoyo rworuboshwe uye zvakarurama, uye kwavaiwanzogara iri pamusoro diaphragm. Panze, chiedza unhani pamusoro pleura uye pleural bhegi. Pakati pavo iri noukama Urume iyo chinonditadzisa kukweshera.

Mumapapu akaumbwa zvikamu zvakawanda (zvakarurama matatu, vasara maviri), izvo rakakamurwa lobes zvidiki gumi. Inside dziri pamusoro principales, izvo zvinozoita vari rakakamurwa bronchioles zvidiki, acini, uye kupera alveolar SACS.

Baggies zvakawanda Formação de - dzidzo idenderedzwa, rakarukwa capillaries. In vakuru, nhamba iri vanenge mamiriyoni 700. Ivo ndivo gasi exchange.

Kubva idzi tsinga vaipa okisijeni-zvakapfumisa mhepo. Ropa runoita kuburikidza arteries zvakananga mwoyo, uye anopararira kusvika nyama zvose uye nhengo munzira. In dzoka, vanopa ropa, nomuti carbon dioxide, izvo kubudikidza mutsinga kudzokera Formação de, kuti kuburikidza mumapapu, principales, trachea, pharynx shure mumhepo.

kufema maekisesaizi

The mashandiro pamusoro inhalation uye nedzinovengwa inotongwa pakati pakati rwemberi uye medulla oblongata. Receptors kuti masero kufema, riri pamusoro pamasvingo principales. Air sangano iri kuteererwa musiyano kufurirwa: panguva zvokufuridzirwa riri pazasi ratinoona, uye panguva nedzinovengwa - vakutarisire.

Chiedza anogona kurasikirwa kusvika 5000 milliliters mhepo panguva inhalation uye nedzinovengwa. Asi kwomuzvarirwo kufema vhoriyamu zviri zvose milliliters 500 chete. Kunonyanyisa kufema kungava vanenge 2500 Rine mamiririta.

Munhu haasi chose exhale ose mhepo. Chikamu zviri arambe ari Formação de, uye nhamba okisijeni kuti carbon dioxide inobvisa vakanamatira chete padanho. Izvi dzichipfekeka residual inokwana mumapapu.

In nedanho afemeruke kunosanganisira mapoka tsandanyama zvakasiyana, zvichienderana mabasa murume. Aperture munyaya vatambi kana mumuviri nesimba, kana kusvinwa abdominal nharaunda. In azorore guru basa intercostal tsandanyama.