The mari okuchinja Witte - chakavanzika kubudirira Russian Empire panyika mudariro

Pasina mubvunzo, S. Yu. Vitte aiva mumwe inobudirira zvikuru mari vashumiri vari munhoroondo Russian Empire. A mari kuchinja Witte vakabatsira kutanga wezvokutengeserana uye kugadzirwa kuburikidza convergence rwezvemabhengi uye mumaindasitiri guru uye kubviswa mitengo. Zvisinei, pane zvakawanda zvikuru mbiri vakauya muvandudzi kuti zvakagadzirwa ake okutanga chokuita nokutangwa munhu anotambura kutengeswa doro muna 1894. Kubva 1894 uye kusvikira 1902, ichi shanduko Witte vakawedzera bhajeti ne 16 nguva kwemari.

Kana hurumende yeRussia nechokwadi chokuti zvakaitika mutero anochinja kwete chete rubatsiro kubata bhajeti dhefisiti, asi vanobatsirawo rutapudzo nokunwa, kwakasarudzwa kuitisa danho rechipiri shanduko, panguva iyo isina kunanga mitero iri reparafini, fodya, shuga, uye machisi ikawanda kusvika 1, 5 nguva. Witte kuti pave nokunamata kwakachena vaisava "vachinwa" kuchinja, uye raisanganisira okusuma ari mufurati mutero, kutengeserana mutero pamusoro purofiti akaitwa, uyewo nokuwedzera kuunganidzwa Bank deposits. Asi chinonyanya kukosha budiriro of Gurukota Finance Witte Ka Russia iri kuonekwa kuchinja kubva papepa-inflationary mari kuparadzirwa pamusoro yemandorokwati.

The mari kuchinja Witte akafunga Kudzikamiswa wenyika akarirasa ino munyika kuburikidza pakagadzwa chendarama Ruble nerokuti. Kudiwa zvakanyanya kuita izvozvo nokuti panguva iyoyo paiva yakakwirira nedambudziko pokuwa wokuRussia mari, nekuti pamutemo Gengi kuti Franc French akanga sechinhu 1 kusvika 4, uye tsika hapana anopfuura 1 kusvika 2.5. The mari kuchinja Witte vakatendeuka simba Ruble mari, izvo zvakaita kuti kuvandudzika pakati yacho mubhizimisi okunze munyika. Somugumisiro, mukuvamba remakore rechi20, paiva kumboonekwa maindasitiri uye zvoupfumi kukura mune sectors dzose upfumi kuRussia.

Inflow vokune dzimwe nyika upfumi kusvikira pakutanga hondo yakawedzera gore ne 150 mln. Rubles, ukuwo pre-kuchinja, akanga. Kwiza mln chete 100. nokuda kusagadzikana usapinde ezvinhu munyika. The mari kuchinja Witte akafunga kuti Ruble rine 7,66656 magiramu yakaisvonaka goridhe uye bhangi manotsi kuti zvakanga zvatova munharaunda wokuRussia wehurumende, pachena Vakatsinhanisa nokuti simbi anokosha pamusoro akataura unodiwa.

Pausiku Hondo Yenyika I goridhe Ruble akava mumwe akavimbika kupfuura mari munyika uye vari pachena tradable muEurope. Izvi akabvumira Russia kwete chete kupinda yokumwe kumusika uye kukwezva guru idzva, asiwo kusimbisa enyika ukama vaitungamirira nyika nguva. Uye pasinei nokuti pakutanga kuchinja mutemo vakanga vachinzwisisa zvikuru isakarurama, nokuti yakasungirirwa maoko nevaya vanofungidzira pakupedzisira Witte vakabatsira kukura ehurumende rakachengetedzwa vakaonga dzakaitika uye nezvoupfumi. Nhasi nguva iyi munhoroondo Russian anodzidzwa zvakadzama muzvidzidzo zhinji, zvose mudzimba uye vatorwa vanyori, uye utendeuke Witte anonzi muenzaniso anobatsira zvakagadzirwa anogona uye chinofanira kuitwa pasina kurasikirwa nevoruzhinji.