Ndekupi Bolshoi Theatre? Nhoroondo yeBolshoi Theatre

Nhandare yakakurumbira muRussia uye imwe yemitambo yakakurumbira yepasi ndiyo Bolshoi Theatre. Ndekupi iyo huru yemitambo yenyika? Zvakanaka, chokwadi, muguta guru-muMoscow. Repertoire yake inosanganisira maitiro e-opera uye ballet nevanoridzi veRussia nevekune dzimwe nyika. Mukuwedzera kune classical repertoire, nzvimbo yemitambo iri nguva dzose ichiedza nekugadzirwa kwezvinobudirira kwemazuva ano. Nhoroondo yeBolshoi Theatre yakazara kwazvo uye inobatana nemazita evanhu vanokosha kunyika yedu. Muna March 2015, iyo yemitambo yakatova nemakore 239.

Kuti zvose zvakatanga sei

Muvambi weBolshoi Theatre ndiye Prince Peter Vasilievich Urusov, akanga ari mutongi wezvematongerwo enyika uye panguva imwechete aiva nechechi yake yemitambo. Akanga ari oga aibvumirwa kuronga maitiro, masquerades, makonti nemamwe mafaro. Hapana mumwe munhu aibvumirwa kuita chinhu chakadaro, kuitira kuti muchinda haana kukwikwidzana. Asi ropafadzo iyi yakatorwa kwaari uye nechisungo - kuvakira kambani chivakwa chakanaka umo maitiro ose aizopfuura. Mutungamiriri aiva neshamwari yainzi Medox, uyo akanga ari mutorwa, akadzidzisa masvomhu kuMukuru Duke Paul - mambo wekare weRussia. Achiwa murudo nebasa remitambo, akagara muRussia ndokutora kukura kwemaitambo. Prince Urusov akakundikana kuvaka imba yemitambo, sezvaakaparadzwa, ropafadzo yemuridzi wemitambo, semuvhisi wekuvaka chivako, yakapfuurira kuMedox, semugumisiro wekuti ndiye ndiye akavaka Bolshoi Theatre. Ndekupi iyo yemitambo, yakasikwa naMedox, inozivikanwa kwechipiri chega yega yegere muRussia, iye ari panharaunda yeTeatralnaya Square naPetrovka.

Kuvakwa kwemaitambo

Pasi pekuvakwa kwechitambo, Medox akasarudza nzvimbo yaive naPrince Rostotsky, akaitenga kubva kwaari. Yaiva mugwagwa unonzi Petrovskaya, kutanga kwayo, uye pano Bolshoi Theatre yakavakwa. Ita yeimba yemitambo ikozvino - Teatralnaya Square, imba 1. Iyi yemitambo yakavakwa munguva yekunyora, mumwedzi mitanhatu chete, iyo kunyange kunyange panguva yedu nemichina yose yezvinobudirira uye zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka zvinoshamisa uye zvinotyisa. Akaita chirongwa chekuvaka chivako chechiKristu chechiKristu Rosberg. Iyi yemitambo yaiva yakanaka mukati, imba yacho yakashamiswa nekunaka kwayo, uye chivako chechivako chacho, kune rumwe rutivi, chaive chine mwero, chisingaitiki uye chakanga chisingasviki. Iyi yemitambo yakatumidzwa zita rayo - Petrovsky.

Kuvhurwa kwemitambo

Chivako cheBolshoi Theatre chakazarurwa muna 1780, musi waDecember 30. Pazuva rino, basa rekutanga rokutanga rekambani yemitambo rakaitwa mukuvaka kwayo. Mamwe mapepanhau akanyora chete pamusoro pekuzarura, vatenzi vemitambo uye vadzidzisi vane mukurumbira vakaparidzirwa mazano ekuvaka, vachirondedzera iyo sosimba, yakakura, inobatsira, yakanaka, yakachengeteka uye yakakwirira mumatambudziko akawanda emasikirwo anozivikanwa muEurope. Gavhuna weguta akafadzwa kwazvo nekuvakwa kwekuti ropafadzo yakapa Medocca kodzero yekuita zvido zvekare zvakawedzerwa kwemakore gumi.

Inongo yekumusoro

Pamusangano, imba yakakomba yakavakwa, iyo inonzi rotunda. Imba yacho yakanga yakashongedzwa nemirazi yakawanda uye yakavhenekerwa makumi mana nemaviri echigadziko chekristani. Imba yacho yakagadzirwa naMedox pachake. Pedyo nechitambo, sezvaitararisirwa, yaiva gomba reimba. Pedyo kusvika padanho yaiva zvigaro zvevakashevedza vekukudzwa kwemitambo uye vatariri venguva dzose, vazhinji vavo vaiva varidzi ve serf troupes. Maonero avo aikosha kuMedox, nekuda kwechikonzero ichi vakakokwa kumapfekete ekugadzira, mushure mokunge vakabatanidzwa mukukurukurirana kwekuuya kwekugadzira.

Mugore gore iyo yemitambo yakaratidza nezvemaitiro 100. Zvakanga zvisingakwanisi kutenga matikiti ekugadzirisa kumwe, kuti vaone iyo yemitambo, vatengi vakatenga kubhadhara kwegore negore.

Nokufamba kwenguva, kupinda pamitambo yakaderera, purofiti yakava shoma, vateereri vakatanga kubuda muimba yemitambo, uye chivako chakawira mukuora. Somugumisiro, Bolshoi Opera Theatre yakava nzvimbo yemitambo uye yakagamuchira zita idzva - Imperial.

Temporary sunset

Nhoroondo yeBolshoi Theatre yakanga isiri nguva dzakanaka kwazvo, pane nguva dzakaipa mairi. Muna 1805 iyo yemitambo yakapiswa shure kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu ekuvapo kwayo. Asi masvingo akatakura mitoro anochengetedzwa, uye zvishoma. Kuvakwazve kwakatanga chete muna 1821, apo Moscow yakavakwazve shure kwekupinda kwemaNapoleonic mauto. Mugadziri mukuru, uyo akatumirwa kudzorera chikamu chikuru cheguta racho, kusanganisira yemitambo, waiva Osip Bove. Akanga ari mutsva, maererano nebasa rake, migwagwa yakatanga kuvakwa nenzira yakasiyana, zvino dzimba dzakatanga kubuda mumugwagwa, kwete muchivanze. Bove vakatungamirira kudzorerwa kweRed Square, Alexander Garden, nzvimbo yakatarisana nechitambo. Kuvakwazve kweBolshoi Theatre ndiyo yaakabudirira zvikuru purogiramu. Icho chivako chitsva chakanga chakavakwa muMambo wekutema. Maererano nevanhu venguva dzomuumbi wekugadzira, sai phoenix yakapandukira pamadota eBolshoi Theatre.

Metro iri pedyo zvikuru nemitambo, saka zviri nyore chaizvo kuenda kumitambo kunzvimbo ipi neipi kuMoscow.

Kugadziriswa kwekuvakwa kwemaitambo

Kudzorerwa kwemitambo yakatanga muna 1821 uye kwakagara kwemakore akawanda. Pakutanga, chirongwa chemuvakidzani wakagadziridzwa wakagadziridzwa nemuumbi wehuni Andrei Mikhailov, anozivikanwa muSt. Petersburg, mubati weMoscow akabvumira urongwa uhwu. Mikhailov akavaka chivako chakaita semitambo mufananidzo wekatekete, uyewo portico yemisere misere neApollo mune imwe ngoro kumusoro kwe portico, imba yacho yakagadzirirwa kusvika kune vataridzi zviuru zviviri. Osip Bove akavandudzwa purojekiti yaMikhailov, uko Bolshoi Theatre yakave yakaderera, kuenzana kwechivako chakachinja. Uyewo, Beauvais akasarudza kusaisa pavilions padhorosi rekutanga , sezvo akafunga kuti yakanga isiri tsika. Imba yacho yakava yakawanda-siyana, kubwinya kweimba yacho kwaive kwakapfuma. Izvo zvakakodzera acoustics zvechivako zvakaonekwa. Bove aive nemafungiro epakutanga - kuita girazi rejira, asi kuti aone pfungwa yakadaro, chokwadi, hazvina musoro, sezvo chidzitiro ichocho chingave chakakura zvikuru.

Kuberekwa Kechipiri

Kuvakwa kwemitambo yacho kwakapedzwa pakuguma kwe1824, munaJanuary 1825 chivakwa chekugadziridza chivako chakazarurwa. Basa rekutanga rakaitika, purogiramu yacho yaisanganisira bhiri "Sandrillon" uye chirevo che "The Triumph of the Muses" chaiyo yakanyorerwa kuzarura yemitambo yaAlyabiev naVerstovsky. Beauvais akanga ari pakati pekucherechedza, vateereri vakamugamuchira nemhepo yekupomera mukutenda. Iyi itsva yemitambo yaiva inoshamisa mune kunaka kwayo. Iye zvino nhandare yakagamuchira zita rokuti "Bolshoi Petrovsky Theatre". Izvo zvose zvakabuda mumitambo yacho zvakaenda nekubudirira kusina kuchinja. Zvino Bolshoi Theatre yakazova yakanyanyisa.

Metro ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuenda kuBolshoi Theatre. Zvivako zvitsuwa zvinotarisirwa kuTatralnaya, Ploshchad Revolutsii, Okhotny Ryad uye Aleksandrovsky Sad. Nzvimbo ipi inobva kwavari kuti vasarudze inobva pakutangira kwenzira.

Uye zvakare moto

Muchirimo cha1833, moto wakabuda zvakare mumitambo, yakange yakasimba kwazvo uye yakagara kwemazuva maviri. Denga rakanga rakakomberedzwa neutsi hwakasviba kuti rwaioneka mumakona ose eguta racho. Pamusoro peTheater Square, rose chando chakanyunguduka. Chivako chacho chakatsvaira zvakakwana zvachose, paingove nemadziro ega uye portico. Moto wakaparadza nzvimbo, mavara, mabhidhiyo emimhanzi, zviridzwa zvemimhanzi, pakati payo zvakanga zvisingaoneki. Pane imwezve iyo Great Theatre yakatambura nemoto.

Pane nzvimbo yekutambira iri, zviri nyore kuwana, inowanikwa paTheatre Square uye pedyo nayo pane zvakawanda zvinofadza: Maly Drama Theatre, Youth Theater, Shchepkin Theater School, Cabaret Metropol, House of Unions, Okhotny Ryad, TSUM, Kuna Marx.

Basa rokudzorera

Muumbi wekugadzirisa nzvimbo yemitambo yeupenyu aiva Albert Kavos, maererano nebasa rake Mariinsky Theatre yakavakwa muSt. Petersburg. Zvinosuruvarisa, ruzivo shoma rwakagamuchirwa nezvemuumbi wehuni kusvikira mazuva edu. Mari yekuvaka zvakare yemitambo yakanga isina kukwana, asi basa rakafambira mberi nekukurumidza ndokutora zvishoma kudarika gore. Iyi yemitambo yakazarurwa musi waAugust 20, 1856, zvino yainzi Bolshoi Imperial Theatre. Iko kutanga kwekushanda kweimba yekudzorerwa kwakange iri opera Puritani nemunyori weItaly V. Bellini. Kumutambo mutsva mafungiro akave akasiyana. Vanhu vomuguta vaimuona ari mukurumbira uye vanozvikudza pamusoro pake, sevanjiniya nevakagadziri, vamwe vavo vaidavira kuti kuvakwa kwakaitwa neKavos kwakange kwakasiyana zvikuru nezvakaitwa nemitambo yeMikhailov neBhove, kunyanya kumasvingo uye mamwe maitiro. Zvakakosha kupa muvakirwe akakodzera, nekuda kwekugadzirisa zvakare kweimba acoustics muBolshoi Theatre yava imwe yenyika dzakanakisisa munyika.

Kwete maitiro chete aiitwa munhandare, mabhora uye masquerades akaiswa mukati maro. Ichi chakava Bolshoi Theatre. Aderesi yemitambo - Moscow, Teatralnaya Square, 1.

Mazuva edu

Muzana remakore rechi20, nzvimbo yemitambo yakapinda muhurumende yakanyatsoparara, ine nheyo yakagadzikana uye inoputika pamadziro. Asi huwandu hwekugadziriswa, hwakagadzirirwa munhandare muzana remakore rechi20, rimwe rayo rakapera munguva pfupi (rakapedza makore 6), raita basa ravo - uye ikozvino mifananidzo inopenya nezvose zvayo. Iyo repertoire yemutambo, kuwedzera kune maawa uye mabhallet, inosanganisira operettas. Uyewo iwe unogona kuita shanho yemitambo - ona imba uye mamwe madiki mashoma makamuri. Munhu anoda kushanyira Bolshoi Theater, paanenge ari, angave akatambudzika kuti awane, kunyange zvazvo iye ari pakati peguta uye akawana zviri nyore, pedo ihwo humwe hunoona hukuru, hunozivikanwa munyika yose - yeRweru Area.

Kuongorora kwevateereri pamusoro peBolshoi Theatre

Nhamba huru yevateresi vanoshanyira Bolshoi Theatre. Ongororo vataridzi vanoenda muzvizhinji, kusanganisira paInternet. Vanonyora pamusoro pezvibereko zvakanaka zvemutambo, nezvemazwi akanaka evaimbi, pamusoro pemanzwiro akabuda mumweya yavo mushure mokuenda kumitambo, kuratidza kushingaira kwavo kwebasa racho, vanoyemura zvipfeko zvakaisvonaka uye zvigadziro. Iyi yemitambo yakashaniswa kwete neRussia bedzi, pakati pevatorwa vedzimwe nyika iyo inzvimbo imwe inonyanya kuzivikanwa iyo yavanomhanyira kusvika, iyo yasvika kuMoscow. Kubvumirana kweklasiki uye mutsvaga - zvose izvi ndizvo Bolshoi Theatre.

Nzira yekuenda sei kumitambo nemotokari? Zvose zvinotenderera pane kwaunofanira kuenda. Pane nzira dzakawanda dzekuenda nadzo: unogona kuyambuka mumugwagwa Mokhovaya - inotungamirira zvakananga kuTheater Square; Zvimwe kuburikidza neTverskaya; Uye kana iwe uchifamba pamwe naPetrovka, unogona kutyaira zvakananga kumasuo emitambo.