The kutenderera upenyu mosses: kutevedzana matanho

Kuti kugara dzezvimwe itsva, miti yekare vakanga vajairana neitsva nderemagariro. Somuenzaniso, zvachose kurasikirwa mwando kuburikidza kwemvura akatsigira chiitiko unodzivirira wakisi rukoko. The haitsigirwi mudenga, mukusiyana mvura akaita paumbwe imwe zvakakwana vanachandagwinyira muviri, kushandura nheyo chirimwa afemeruke, gasi exchange. Temperature uye nokukanganisika ezvinhu vava zvakasiyana zvachose, uye zvinomera vakabudirira kujairana kwavari. Funga ino upenyu kutenderera mosses.

Chii Moss?

Mosses - boka zvipenyu yekare. Maererano nedzimwe zvekungofungira, ndivo madzitateguru aripo parizvino pano zvirimwa. Mvura pamusoro redu - tsime roupenyu, izvo zvakatanga zvose zvipenyu zvose, kusanganisira zvinomera. Makore anenge mamiriyoni 420 akapfuura zvizvarwa zvakasvibirira algae vakatanga kundoshora nyika.

Zvikuru akasiyana zvigadziriswe dzakadaro mano dzinogona kurondwa kubva Moss. Somuenzaniso, mukuru zvimiso vabudirire maberekero ose algae ndiyo kuvapo mvura. Mosses anogona bereka chete achishandisa unyoro.

Ichitanga upenyu mosses unofadza zvikuru. Yose boka kuvakuru zvirimwa ndivo kupfuura chinyakare zvinenge. Bryophyta kana kuparadzira mhuri Moss - zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinomera raishanda kuine conductive jira. Naizvozvo, kukura zvipenyu izvi vashomashoma - kubva 1 mm kusvika 50 masendimita vane chikwindi haina midzi, vari vasiyana panyika threadlike zvinoshandiswa, rhizoids, iyo zvirimwa yekubata mvura .. Rhizoids acho dzimwe nguva foni imwe chete. Kusiyana nemidzi evamwe zvirimwa kuti zvipuka zvine masero akawanda conductive jira. Zvimwe zvikamu chikwindi muviri zvinogona nehasha rinorondedzerwa so hunde uye mashizha. Zvisinei, vari chaizvoizvo chaizvo akafanana madzinde mashizha nezvimwe zvinomera panyika racho chivako.

Where kusangana?

Mosses vakabudirira kujairana upenyu siyana tembiricha uye okunze uye vakawana zvinenge zvose pamusoro nyika, kubva polar kumatunhu kuti dzinopisa. Vari zvakanaka kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu soro mwando - mumasango, makomo. Panewo chikwindi uye akaoma munzvimbo. Survival mossy parinouya - vanogona kukunda mukuru chaizvo kutonhora, 70 Celsius. In akaoma mumamirire ekunze mosses akachinja kuwira ezvinhu yakaturikwa kuchangamuka chokuita pamwaka okunze nokufamba. mvura apo rinowira uye mhepo tembiricha iri akatura, ivhu wakanyorova, uye chikwindi "vapenyu", kubereka kutenderera kunotanga. Funga kukosha nharo muupenyu kutenderera mosses.

Mararamiro mosses

Moss chinokura zvakanaka munzvimbo pamwe nokushaya chiedza chezuva, somuenzaniso mumapako, makatsemuka uye crevices padombo, achitora niches avo zvakatipoteredza apo usingagoni kuvapo zvimwe zvirimwa.

The chete nzvimbo chikwindi hahugoni kuvapo - zviri sesaline nevhu pedo negungwa.

Outsinye akaomarara spores ose mosses. Nemhepo vanogona kufamba madaro marefu. The chinhanho kubva spores kuramba kwemakumi emakore.

Mosses kuunganidza nouchapupu matura mwando, saka achiishandisa murau mvura nechiyero ane nzvimbo. Naizvozvo, nokuti mararamiro chikwindi kunokosha zvikuru. Uyezve, nokuti mamwe marudzi, kuti chikwindi chikuru chikafu kunobva.

Pasi nhasi, pane vanenge 30.000 mhando mosses. Masayendisiti patsanura miti izvi pamusoro Morphology, marongerwo uye nzira spore capsules vakaparadzira spores.

Mosses anogona bereka nezvaaitaura spores uye vegetatively. Ichitanga mosses upenyu hunodzorwa pabonde pamusoro asexual chizvarwa.

Deciduous mosses kana briopsidy

Iri boka nani huru zvinomera, uko kunomiririrwa zvuru 15 mhando mosses. Ndivo chaizvo siyana chimiro, ukuru uye chimiro. chirimwa uyu dzinde chakafukidzwa mashizha kuti akaronga spirally vakakomberedza hunde. The kupfuura chinokosha Danho okukura kwavo anonzi gametophyte. Nzira rutoto vachiwaridza mosses - spores. Kakawanda, zvirimwa izvi zvinowanikwa nyorova nzvimbo, anezvimiti uye achinaya mvura. Kukushkin neshinda uye peat chikwindi - anowanzoramba vamiriri briopsidov.

hepatic mosses

Liverworts inomiririrwa subclasses zviviri: jungermanniales uye marshantsievye. zvirimwa izvi ndiwo rakawanda - 8500 marudzi. Just kufanana hardwood chikwindi gametophyte - soro padanho chinhanho yavo. Chirimwa pachahwo gobvu hunde mashizha, izvo dziri mumhenderekedzo hunde. The nzira kubereka - kukakavadzana izvo anoparadzirwa kuburikidza chaiwo mudziyo, inenge "zvitubu", unonzi elaters. zvirimwa aya zvakanaka makasimba nyorovera dzinopisa uye vakadzikama mumamirire ekunze. Pakati Vamiririri - marchantia polymorphic, ptilidium ciliated, blefarostroma volosolistnaya, uye vamwe.

Antotserotovye mosses

kirasi iyi haisi vazhinji kudaro, uye chinomiririrwa 300 marudzi zvinomera. Sporophyte - anokosha Danho muupenyu kutenderera chirimwa. Tarirai antotserotovye mosses akafanana thallus - muviri usina yarega kupinda mudzi, chokumisa uye mashizha. Kura mosses ava nyorovera dzinopisa masango uye vakadzikama zvikamu. Antotseros - randinenge mumiriri mukirasi iyi.

KUKUSHKINA Mufurakisi upenyu kutenderera vachapiwa kurondedzerwa pazasi. Moss Kukushkin Mufurakisi - chinhu perennial chirimwa. Chimiro Its ane tsime kunyatsobudirira chivako. The chikuru chinjikira hunde dzebhurauni mashizha uye pasina padzinde yechipiri, vamire yakatwasuka, mapazi kana kuroorwa.

The hunde yechipiri yakafukidzwa nerima zvakasvibirira utsinye, sezvinoita mutsunda, mapepa. Izvi madzinde vanogona kuwana nekukwirira 10-15 masendimita 40 cm. Repasi mashizha ndivo flakes. Chirimwa ane chinyakare conductive hurongwa iyo inokwanisa uchifamba mvura, uye zvicherwa kune mashizha achitevedza hunde. rhizoids ayo anogona kusvika kureba kusvika 40 cm.

nzvimbo Kukura Moss Kukushkin neshinda

Kukushkin Mufurakisi inomera kazhinji zvakanaka munzvimbo nyoro, anezvimiti, nyoro Mafuro uye spruce masango, anoda pamushana. In akazaruka nzvimbo iri kukura chaizvo zvakasimba, akatora zvose ndima itsva. Its madzinde vari saka zvakasimba "Sunga" ivhu kuti mbeu nezvimwe zvirimwa zvikure kwete. chirimwa ichi vanonyanya watemwa wedondo kana pomoto. Moss Izvi zvakanaka zvikuru absorbs mvura. Density zvinomera anoramba mwando muvhu. Nokuda kwaizvozvo pane mvura kutema nzvimbo.

Vanhu refu akashandisa chirimwa ichi senzira hita. Caulk tichibatsirwa parusvingo cherogi dzimba. Dzimwe nguva aishandiswa senzira somushonga Nemiriwo chikosoro.

Kukushkin Mufurakisi rinobatanidzwa paumbwe peat. Uyu fetiraiza zvinokosha, yakanaka mbishi mashoko makemikari indasitiri.

Ichitanga mosses Kukushkin Len upenyu

Moss Kukushkin yoruchinda - a dioecious chirimwa. Fani iyi, kana munhu dzakanzi mumwe chirimwa vari kuumbwa wechirume nhengo - munhurume nomunhukadzi.

Kukushkin yoruchinda kugadzirwa alternation zvizvarwa zviviri - asexual uye zvepabonde. Sporophyte - a chikwindi upenyu kutenderera, zvichiguma imwe asexual muchitokisi inotungamirwa. Kuine diploid vanochengeta okutodza. Gametophyte - siyana kutenderera chete chirimwa, izvo kuchizoguma paumbwe gametes, utachiona masero kuti maingova chete yakatarwa okutodza upenyu - haploid.

Zvino ndinonzwisisa sei muupenyu kutenderera mosses iri hunodzorwa pabonde pamusoro asexual chizvarwa.

Mabhokisi kusawirirana, maererano vanhu, akafanana neshiri yegungwa akagara padanda. In chitarisiko chikwindi Kukushkin Mufurakisi chakafanana vakasiyana chirimwa furakisi, rikawira zita rayo kubva iro. Mutete nebvudzi riri chivharo, nokudzitira bhokisi pamwe kupokana, vari zvakare rakafanana nemicheka yakapfava.

Box pacharo ine zvakawanda zvikamu - urnochku, mutsipa uye chivharo. Inside chinhu chiduku mbiru. It chete rine masero chena, izvo zvinoguma rutapudzo nokupesana haploid spores vachikura. Urnochka mhete rinoguma. Pashure pokupedza ichiibvira kwacho ndiko chindori mhepo ichivhuvhuta urnochku nyore unoparadzanisa kubva hunde uye chivharo. Kusawirirana pasi, uye chirimwa kunokosha upenyu kutenderera kunotanga zvakare.

Moss upenyu kutenderera rwakazara

Asexual spores panguva "kuibvisa" vari haploid spores (ine hafu kuva okutodza) semubairo isina kunanga, zvinoderedza nokupesana.

Kana ivhu inowana nyoro haploid spores, zvino anotanga imere, pova hwepurotoni - filamentous predrostok. Kubva Yakaumbwa gametophyte - munhurume kana munhukadzi.

Panguva misoro yakasiyana madzinde, gametophytes Kukushkin Mufurakisi uye kukudziridza antheridia archegonium - vechirume pabonde nhengo. In archegonium akura zai, uye antheridium - biflagellate dzisingaoneki. Externally varume zvinomera mashizha makuru yellowish mashava pamusoro. In munhukadzi zvirimwa mashizha dzakadaro vasipo.

For vakabudirira muchangosangana kwaida unyoro mumate kuti zvaive kubva spermatozoa kuti antheridium archegonia apo zai iri. Izvi yemanyorero kunoita simba mvura kana dova.

Somugumisiro kwemapazi dzisingaoneki uye zai pamusoro hadzi chirimwa anoumba munhu diploid zygote. Kubva inokura chizvarwa chitsva chirimwa ichi, kuti sporophyte kana sporogonia. Uye rinomiririra sporangium-bhokisi umo dzinovaka spores.

Taiongorora kutevedzana matanho upenyu kutenderera Moss.

Sechivako Moss Kukushkin neshinda

mosses mamiriro muviri chakafanana algae, sezvo une thallus. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvinogona kuva nemamiriro akafanana ari madzinde mashizha. Nokuti ivhu wanamatira pachishandiswa rhizoids. zvirimwa izvi vanokwanisa rokutora mvura uye zvicherwa rhizoids kwete chete zvakananga, asi muviri wose.

Ukoshi Moss zvakasikwa

Kazhinji, mosses - yakaoma chezvinonhuwira ari zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu redu. Ichitanga mosses upenyu kunoratidzwa kutenderera zvimwe zvirimwa kwirirei. Vanopukunyuka zvakanaka murombo ivhu muviri. Vagere idzodzo kuti inini kwakaomarara dzevanhu izvi. Saka kugadzirira pasi nokuda kudzorerwa. Pashure pezvose, otmiraya chikwindi unoumba yaibatsira ivhu substrate, izvo vakabva kukura zvimwe zvirimwa.

Mosses - tiri zviratidzo kwezvakatipoteredza kusvibiswa, kunyanya mhepo. Nekuti mamwe marudzi chikwindi kukura munzvimbo mhepo iri Vakapfuura wevasungwa rwesarufa dioxide. By kusavapo iri tsika nzvimbo kwezvimwe ose chikwindi anogona kutongwa pamusoro nemhepo yakasviba. Zvisinei, sezvo mosses dzinoratidza kuchinja nevhu, uye zvakawanda.

Mosses uchikoshesa yaigona mwero permafrost munharaunda, achivanza pasi kubva chezuva. Saka kuchengetedza, zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nomwero.

Zvino, kana ukabvunzwa: "Rondedzera upenyu kutenderera chikwindi," ipapo unogona nyore kuzviita.