The kukonzera kuzviuraya. Kudzivirira kuyaruka kuzviuraya

Suicide (kuzviuraya) - iri nokumunyima upenyu pachahwo iri yokuzvidira hwaro, pasina kutora chikamu vamwe. Zvinosuruvarisa evanhu vemazuva ano, rudzi nyaya upenyu iwayo kakawanda. The zvinokonzera kuzviuraya angava akasiyana zvachose, munhu anotora chisarudzo pahwaro zvimwe matambudziko upenyu mupfungwa uye zvinetso.

Chinetso kuzviuraya

Zviitiko nyaya upenyu munzira dzakawanda zvinowanika zvinyorwa pa mumatanho ose kusimudzira rwevanhu. Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome uye China mu yaMakoronike dzavo taura chokwadi vanozviuraya.

Muna nhasi, kuzviuraya ndeimwe 10 kupfuura kakawanda zvinokonzera rufu kuMadokero. Maererano nenhamba, rimwe gore kusvika 160,000 vanhu pasi pose vanozviuraya. Hunoshamisa Kuwanda kwavo - vari kuyaruka. Muchiitiko chino, zvinokonzera kuzviuraya, vakuru kuyaruka, unogona kuva zvakasiyana, vave bhizimisi kana kudzidziswa muupenyu hwevanhu uye vari voga.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kuzviuraya - chiratidzo chokusava nesimba, kushaya zvinetso zvoupenyu. Kutaura zvazviri, kuti vaite chiito chakadaro, zvinokosha kuva simba nechido uye kuvimba nezviito zvavo.

Suicide: Signs

Maererano zvidzidzo, 75% yevanhu kuronga kuzviuraya zvakadaro buritsa zvavo nevavariro. Vaiva sezvo akazaruka kutyisidzira uye zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika anokunyengedzera kukasaitwa kuzviuraya. Vanenge vose vanhu ava vakashanyira vanachiremba, vashandi magariro, vanachiremba uye vadzidzisi, izvo zvinogona vakagumisa kuti vakanga vachiedza kutaura. Zvinosuruvarisa kazhinji havana kugamuchira zvaaida, nokuti chii haana kuchinja zvirongwa zvavo yepakutanga.

Zviratidzo munhu vakaronga kuzviuraya kuratidzwa panguva kukurukurirana uye kuoneka mupfungwa duality. Kudivi rimwe, vanonzwa tariro, uye pamusoro mumwe, vachitarisira ruponeso. Kazhinji, zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira ose chiito kwakadaro zvakakwana nepakati hunhu. Kazhinji, unogona kubatsira namashoko rutsigiro nyore. Kana ichi haina kuitwa, chikero miromo yesimbi vachifarira kuzviuraya. Ndokusaka zviri zvichikosha kuziva zviratidzo dzatinogona kunzwisisa pamusoro akaronga kuzviuraya.

Zviratidzo zviri zvounhu, kutukana uye zvemagariro, uye zvikonzero kuzviuraya anogona kuva chero.

Zviratidzo boka rokutanga akacherekedza kugara okuti uye hakuvaki majee pamusoro rufu, uye zvingaderedza unooneka mune kamwe kuparadzirwa pachavo zvinhu. Kunosanganisirawo nhungamiro pachedu mapepa, mabasa, kuyananiswa vanhu, uyewo unopinza kuchinja vanongogara maitiro. Ezvinhu zviratidzo zvinooneka mune zindoga, pakarepo dambudziko mumhuri, udhakwa.

The zvikonzero kuti kuzviuraya

Ongorora zvinokonzera nhamba kuzviuraya Rinoti huru pakati pavo vari:

• zera dambudziko;
• ine pfungwa unhu nyonganyonga;
• rakasanganiswa mukadzi / murume;
• rufu mwenga
• kushaya mhuri;
• hosha isingarapiki;
• nokusarovedza muviri;
• kusurukirwa.

Maererano nenhamba, 30% vanoita kuedza kuzviuraya inodzokororwa pashure nguva, apo 10% anoteererwa. Uyezve, kuedza kuzviuraya akanyorwa kusvika 6 nguva kazhinji pane kuzviuraya apera.

Masayendisiti akaratidza boka nengozi, apo mukana kuzviuraya zviri kupfuura kuti vamwe vanhu. Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• munhu, kutungamirira upenyu yoga, vanonzi chete;
• vechidiki kusagadzikana interpersonal ukama;
• Vanhu vanoshungurudza doro kana narcotics;
• munhu ane mhosva kana kuipa maitiro;
• Vanhu vane mukuru nokugutsikana kutsoropodzwa uyewo vanotambura zvaoma siyana;
• vanhu vakaona kufirwa nomudiwa;
• Teens nokuvhiringidzika uye vakuru kutambura kubva neurosis.

All zvikonzero kuzviuraya angava zvepfungwa kana mumagariro chinotaurwa.

The mupfungwa chinhu kuzviuraya

Deep kunetsana mukati wacho vavariro kungatowedzera yokuedza kuzviuraya. Psychological zvinokonzera kuzviuraya vanowanzotambura midzi muduku murume. Kazhinji, izvi vabereki anomanikidza vanoratidza kunyanya utsinye mune dzidzo. Kazhinji mugumisiro kuratidzwa yaiparadza vakura, kana munhu ari kuedza kuchinja upenyu hwavo ezvinhu. Kana chinhu yaiparadza hazvigoni kuwanikwa, zvinogona kushanda zvikuru ani kuti kukonzera kuzviuraya.

Chimwe mupfungwa chinhu kuzviuraya chokuita hysterical uye zvomuenzaniso nezvingoro. Kazhinji, ndicho chido havarongi mumwe munhu. Somuenzaniso, iye anogona kutora guru dose kuti akarara mapiritsi, tichitarisira kuti achaponesa, uye mafungiro jaya kuti izvozvo zvakachinja. Kana mukomana anogona nokungwaririra kubatanidzwa marudzi ngozi, saka kuedza kuchinja manzwiro ake anodiwa. How kure anogona munhu mukuedza kwavo havarongi, asingamboziva pachake. Asi vavariro chiito nokungwaririra, kashoma inosuruvarisa.

Chimwe mupfungwa chikonzero kuzviuraya - chido kuranga inattention. Munhu uyu ezvinhu, zvinoita sokuti vanhu kuzvidemba maitiro ake pashure pokufa kwake. Zvinosuruvarisa, ichi hachisi chikonzero hwaro chokwadi, avo vaanoda kuranga, somunhu mutemo, kwete chaizvo muupenyu kuenda yakadaro kubva muupenyu. Ndivo zvinokonzera mikuru kuzviuraya nedzevakuru uye kuyaruka, navazhinji nezvezvitadzo vechidiki rimwe zera.

The Social chinhu kuzviuraya

Kuzviuraya anogona kunzi kwete chete mupfungwa. Social zvinokonzera kuzviuraya havasi hunhu zvishoma zvinokosha. Mumwe mukuru pano - ndiko chitendero. Kakawanda zvinoitika kuti mitemo pakunamata kuti unodana kuda muvakidzani wedu, inobatsira kuti kuwedzera zvemukati kusawirirana. voltage kwakadaro rinoita yavairwisana munhu woga kana Anoshandura utsinye pamusoro pake. Kouya pfungwa mhaka uye ruponeso kubva pairi. Muchiitiko chino, pane imwe pfungwa orangwa chero mhosva, zvichikonzera munhu anotanga kutaura zuva rokuzvidavirira.

Chimwe evanhu chinhu kuzviuraya ari achiwedzeredza kwake kukosha. Izvi ndizvo zviri Pakadaro, kana paine rufu womumhuri. Apona anotanga kuva nepfungwa mhosva, uye zvishoma nezvishoma anouya kudavira kuti rufu rwake vachava chete nzira kuti nokuda kwayo.

pfungwa dzakadaro ndezvemamiriro vanhu vazhinji, asi kwete vose vanogona kuunza zvirongwa zvavo nezvokuzviuraya kuitwa.

The zvinokonzera kuzviuraya (Durkheim)

Chimwe chikuru vatsigiri evanhu zvinokonzera kuzviuraya ndiko nyanzvi yokuFrance Emil Dyurkgeym. Maererano nepfungwa dzake, kuti vanhu ava mhosva unorema kuzviuraya.

Durkheim aidavira kuti kune mhando evanhu kuziva, dictating kune vanhu kuti vararame. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu anogona kuuya pakugumisa kuti akanga asina kukodzera upenyu, nekuti haana mhuri kana basa. All zvinokonzeresawo yokuzviuraya It mamota pasi mumwe - kusurukirwa. Kuti achisunda munhu kuziva upenyu nyaya.

Kwete uchabvumirana mupfungwa zvinokonzera kuzviuraya, Durkheim anoita zvinotevera chokwadi: mudzimba nokuti mupfungwa kurwara vanhu vari vakadzi vakawanda kupfuura varume. Zvisinei, zviri ekupedzisira vanoita 80% yokuzviuraya zvose. Uyewo, iye anoti, uye pamwe maonero vatsigiri kuti kuzviuraya nhaka. The nyanzvi inoti kuti varume nevakadzi zvakafanana akagadzirwa majini, asi mumiririri simba wevanhu kazhinji vanozviuraya.

The zvinokonzera kuzviuraya varume Maererano Durkheim, rinongova evanhu. Havadi dzinoenderana dzemunharaunda munzanga, regai kuwana mhuri kana kwete vane Naizvozvo, hazvina kushandiswa kuti vanhu.

Mhando Durkheim kuzviuraya

Nyanzvi rakakamurwa marudzi vanoverengeka kuzviuraya. Zvikonzero kuzviuraya chikonzero, izvozvo zvinoenderana yayo mhando.

Saka, mhando nhatu Durkheim kuzviuraya:

• zvoudyire;
• altruistic;
• anonimichesky.

Udyire mhando kunoitika kana munhu atarisana nekusagona vagutse zvoudyire zvinodiwa. Somuenzaniso, mumwe munhu angafunga mari yakawanda kana mukuru chinzvimbo munzanga, asi havana dzomunyika zvinhu kuti awane chinangwa. Muchiitiko chino, kunyanya kana pasina rutsigiro kubva vadiwa, mukana nezvokuzviuraya chaizvo. In nyasha dzidziso iyi anotungamira nyanzvi dzakakwirira nhamba yokuzviuraya pane Mapurotesitenzi vanozviti netsika pachake vapfume udyire.

Altruistic kuzviuraya anonzi kana munhu akaregererwa noupenyu vachizvipira vamwe. Somuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakadaro zvinogoneka kana vakazviuraya kuitira kuti inishuwarenzi mhuri upenyu wemufi.

Anonimichesky kuzviuraya chokuita chimwe ezvinhu vanhu kana paine pane misiyano, uye hakuna pamutemo uye tsika kuumbwa maitiro. Durkheim aidavira kuti naivowo nokukurumidza kukura nzanga kungaita kuti vakawanda vanozviuraya. Panguva iyi zvazvingava, hakuna pachiyero, icho pamwe chete upfumi paanochinja, kana, nekusiyana, simuka. Muchiitiko chokutanga, vanhu vanozviuraya nemhaka yokurasikirwa guta rechipiri - nokuti vanofunga kuti vamwe vari kuwana dzakapfuma nokukurumidza. Izvi mhando kuzviuraya rudzi udyire, nekuti inobvawo pane pachavo zvinodiwa munhu.

Suicide pakati kuyaruka

Vachinyara zera - ndiro danho yakaomesesa pakugadzirwa vakura unhu. Ndokusaka pakati zera iri boka zvikuru yakakwirira chikamu zvokuzviuraya.

The zvinokonzera kuyaruka kuzviuraya ndeinotevera:

• kusawirirana nevabereki kana shamwari;
• rinorema mamiriro ezvinhu mhuri;
• Kunyadziswa nevezera ravo;
• rusina kukwana mberi rudo.

Uyewo, unformed unhu iri chaizvo kufurirwa vezvenhau. Somugumisiro, vanhu vanowanzoita nyaya yakawanda noupenyu ive kutevedzera kufarira vatambi kubva mafirimu kana mabhuku.

Other kuzviuraya kunokonzera kuyaruka - ndiko kushandiswa doro, chepfu kana marwadzo zvinhu, uyewo mwoyo. Uyezve, kuti kuzviuraya kunogona kukonzera rufu womumhuri kana shamwari yepedyo kana underachievement kuti anoranga. Nokuti vasikana zvinokonzera kuzviuraya kunogonawo kuva chibharo kana mangwanani pamuviri.

Zvisinei, kwete kuzviuraya zvose kunobva mutsaona. Pakati kuyaruka kusangana pakuridza unhu, hakukodzeri munzvimbo dzakapoteredza chokwadi chinoita kuti vanzwe sokuti vakaraswa. Ndizvo zvinogona kumanikidza kuti zvakadaro apererwa danho.

Kudzivirira kuzviuraya pakati kuyaruka

The zvinokonzera kuzviuraya uye dziviriro yavo Ndivo rimwe matambudziko inokosha wepfungwa. Chii kuzviuraya uye sei kudzivisa nayo, zvinokosha kudzidzisa vana kubvira vachiri vaduku. Zvichakadai, vabereki vakawanda kudzivisa yacho, muchitenda kuti mwana wavo hakumbokanganisi dambudziko.

Kudzivirira kuzviuraya pakati kuyaruka yakakodzera rubatsiro mupfungwa uye kupindura zvakanaka. Uyezve, tinofanira kufungawo yakakwirira mwero suggestibility ino boka. Teenagers vanomiririra muviri wake wakanaka muduku mubhokisi, neshungu nevadiwa uyewo pfungwa yavo mhosva. Zvakakosha kuti kubvisa ngano ichi, vachitsanangura uye kuratidza zvakajeka kuti vatsvage pashure kwavo kuwana. Nokuita nzira iyi, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti vechiduku nehanya uye manzwiro avo kune shoko rinogona kuva nezvimwewo. Ndokusaka nyaya muzvidzivirire kuzviuraya kuyaruka kuchikosha munzanga yanhasi.

Suicide uye rubatsiro

Zvakakosha kuti vakwanise kubatsira munhu akareurura yake nevavariro. Kakawanda vanoda nyore chikamu uye zvakavanzika kukurukura, umo iye achakwanisa kuratidza zvose zvichemo zvavo uye mwoyo. nomwoyo wose kwenyu nokunzwisisa zvichabatsira kuziva kuti iye ane hanya nemi. Manzwiro Izvi zvinonyanya zvakakodzera kuti munhu anenge asarudza kuzviuraya.

Zvakakosha kuita nhaurirano kuti vanhu vakaziva kusabatsira chiito chacho nemigumisiro yakaipa kuti vanhu pedyo naye. Zvakakosha kuti varege kutaura kutongwa uye kukutendai kubudirana pachena kwakadaro, vachisimbisa kuti edza kubatsira kuwana nzira kubva ezvinhu. Kazhinji rimwe kukurukura vepachokwadi kunobatsira munhu kubuda mamiriro mwoyo zvakadzama, uye kana imi usarega zvirongwa zvavo kuzviuraya, kana pane kumbomira navo. Uye zvichava mukana kumubatsira zvachose kukanganwa pamusoro zvavo vachida.

Kazhinji, kusarudza asingadi pakarepo kutora upenyu hwavo. Kazhinji ichi ndicho mashanga panzvimbo dzakatevedzana matambudziko muupenyu. Naizvozvo, kutarisira vadiwa uye kukwanisa kufanoona kungangoitika njodzi, unogona kuponesa upenyu munhu.