The ileum. Mabasa, zvirwere, kurapwa

The ileum (kubva mururimi rwechiLatini "ileum") ndiyo chikamu chezasi chemukati mudumbu. Chinhu chakadaro chegumbo repamuviri ine mabasa uye sarudzo. Pakati pavo unogona kuwana zvishoma pasi.

The ileum: iri kupi?

Iaum iri muyoir yakarurama (kana kuti yakadzika mumimba) uye yakaparadzana kubva mumapfupa asingaoni neviniki yegininium, kana kuti inonzi yeocececal valve. Chikamu chiduku chemuviri uyu chinoshandisa epigastrium, nzvimbo yembilical, pamwe chete nechepamusoro pemapuranga maduku.

Maitiro

Iveum uye musikana muduku zvakafanana zvakagadzirwa. Iyo yose yechipfuva chechimiro chakadai chirumbu chemucous, icho chakazara zvakanyanya nevilli (inomuka inenge 1 millimita). Uyewo, pamusoro pezvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira epithelium cylindrical. Pakati pacho pane lymphatic sinus, pamwe chete nemapilisa (mutezo weropa).

Inofanira kunyanya kuzivikanwa kuti villi mumvura yeaal ishoma kudarika pane yakaonda. Zvisinei, vose vanobatanidzwa mukuita kwekuwana zvinhu zvinobatsira uye zvine utano. Mafuta anowanikwa mumidziyo ye lymphatic, uye amino acids uye monosugars - kuburikidza nemhepo inotyisa. Iyo yose mucosa yecleal ine nzvimbo isina kufanira. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuvapo kwekrispts, villi uye mapuranga akaiswa pasi. Aya maitiro anowedzera kuwedzera kwepasi rose yemukati membrane, iyo pasina mubvunzo inokanganisa kudya kwezvokudya zvakakangwa.

Zviratidzo zvechimiro cheiyoum

Iyo yakaonda uye ileum inenge yakafanana villi, iyo yakafanana nemashizha kana minwe. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti ivo chete vari muchiedza chezvi nhengo idzi. Nhamba yevilli mumugariro weaale inogona kubva kubva pamasere 18 kusvika ku 35 pamakiromita mana. Mm. Panguva imwecheteyo, ivo vakanyanya kuderera kupfuura avo vari mu duodenum.

Utachiona hwekudzivirira, kana kuti zvinonzi Liebercuin glands, zvipfeko muhombodo, dzine chimiro chediki. Mucosa uye submucosal ileum iyo inotenderera mapuranga. Epithelium pavari inotematic, single-layered, limy. Nenzira, mucous membrane yechigunha ichi inewo submucosa yayo, inoteverwa nemasumbu. Iyo yekupedzisira inomiririrwa ne-2 inotarisa michina yakaoma: kunze (kana kureba) uye mukati (kana chitenderedzwa). Pakati pavo ndezvimwe zvinokonzera kusvibiswa zvine mitsipa yeropa uye neural musculoskeletal plexuses. Uhu huno hutsika hunoderera kusvika kune chikamu chekuguma chemukati mudumbu. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mutsara wemisungo yechigunha ichi inoita basa rekusanganisa chyme nekuisimudza.

Iko kona yekunze yee'um is serous. Iyo yakafukidzwa nayo kubva kumativi ose.

Iyo huru miitiro yeiyoum

Dare rinomiririrwa rinoita mabasa akawanda. Zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Isolation ye enzymes;
• Kubvumira kwezvibereko, minerals nemariti;
• Kudya kwekudya kunouya.

Zvichitevedzwa zveiyoum

Mucheche wejisi wechigunhi ichi anotanga kusunungurwa pasi pesimba remakemikari nekugadzirwa kwemasimba emasvingo ne chyme. Mumaawa makumi maviri nemaviri mashizha ayo anogona kusvika ma 2.4 litere. Muchiitiko ichi, maitiro ejusi ndeye alkaline, uye chikamu chayo chakaoma chinoumbwa ne-lumps-epitheliocytes, iyo inobereka uye inowedzera maantimiti. Panguva yakakodzera, masero anotanga kuzvichenesa mumuviri wemukumbo, ezvo ozowa, nokudaro anopa kuvhara kwemvura.

Inofanira kuonekwa kuti pane microvillus pamusoro peimwe epithelial cell. Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana, apo maitiro ezvakagadzirirwa. Kuvonga kwavari, pane imwe nhanho yekudya, inonzi membrane (parietal). Panguva ino, hydrolysis yezvokudya uye kunyorera kwayo inowanikwa mueileum.

Sezvaunoziva, juisi yemukumbo ine ndyamisi 22 chaiyo. Zita guru ndiro enterokinase. Iyi enzyme yakagadzirirwa kushandura pancreatic trypsinogen. Mukuwedzera, yeaum inoparadzanisa jisi, ine zvinhu zvakadai se lipase, amylase, sucrose, peptidase uye alkaline phosphatase.

Kukurudzirwa kwechiyme kune dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri wemukati kunokonzerwa nekuderedza kwehutanda hwehutundu hwemutsipa. Maitiro avo makuru ekufambisa anogona kunzi "peristaltic" uye "pendulum". Boka rechipiri rezvinyorwa rinobatanidza kusanganiswa kwechiyme. Nezvakaita mhashu (inopisa simba), dzinokurudzira kudya kune zvikamu zve distal.

Nenzira, zvose zviripo zvinoratidzwa zvekudya zviripo zviripo zvakananga. Apo ganda racho rinoshandiswa hydrolyzed zvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa kune izvo zvinodanwa pakati. Mushure mezvo, michina yakashandurwa inonamirwa nekumhanya kwekumhanya. Zvadaro, nzira yekugadzirisa mishonga uye michina inotanga. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwemakumbo ekumanikidzwa, pamwe chete nehutano hwemotokari yematundu uye musangano we villi.

Kushungurudzika kwezvirwere zveiyoum

The ileum (iyo iri nhengo iripo, yakatsanangurwa nechepamusoro) inowanzotarisana nekuputira maitiro. Zvirwere zvose zvechikamu ichi chemukati mudumbu zvine zviratidzo zvakafanana. Sezvo mutemo, iwo anobva pakurambidzwa kwekudya, kunyanya, kutsvaira uye motokari mabasa. Mukurapa, izvi zvinowanzosanganiswa pasi pezita rimwe chete - malabsorption syndrome.

Zviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa zvezvirwere

The ileum, ine zvirwere zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, inenge nguva dzose inofanirwa inofanirwa nezviratidzo zvema malaise. Zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Pain syndromes;
• Stool disorder;
• Kutinhira mumatumbo;
• Kuwedzera gassing.

Kazhinji varwere vanonyunyuta kuvanachiremba vavo kuti vane chirwere chinogara kwenguva refu uye vachienda kuchivanze kusvika kune dzimwe nguva 4-7 pazuva. Panguva imwechete muhomboni inogona kuwanikwa isina kuregwa zvakasara zvekudya. Mambakwedza, murwere anowanzogunun'una mumatumbo, iyo kazhinji inoderera kunze manheru.

Iriya inoshandiswa dzimwe nguva inokonzera kurwadziwa. Vanogona kunge vane nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana (munzvimbo yepapapular, kurudyi kwepakati pemuviri uye pasi pe "spoon") uye unhu (kuputika, kukwevera uye kupera). Sezvo mutemo, kuwanda kwemarwadzo akadaro kunoderera zvakajeka mushure mekuumbwa kwemagasi akaumbwa.

Zviratidzo zvekunze zvezvirwere zveeileum

Zvirwere zvechikamu ichi chemukati mudumbu zvinogona kuendeswa nezviratidzo zvekuwedzera. Zvinokonzerwa nokuputsa kwekudya uye kuchenesa kwezvibereko, mavitamini nemaminera. Panguva imwecheteyo, varwere vanokurumidza kupera simba uye havagoni kudzoka nenzira ipi zvayo. Kushayikwa kwevhithamini yeboka B uye iron inowanzoita kuti kuve nekukura kwehutachiona, kuumbwa kwemapapiro mumakona emiromo uye kuputika kwemuromo. Kana muviri uchitanga kushaiwa vitamini A, zvino unogona kuzviratidza mukuoma kwekuputika kwekujunjtiva uye usiku. Kana pane kuora kwemvura pamuviri wemurwere, izvi zvinoratidza kusakwana kwevhitamini K.

Chirwere cheCrohn

Chirwere chakaipisisa uye chinowanikwa chechikamu chino chemukati mudumbu ndecheCrohn's disease (kana kuti inonzi " terminal leite"). Kazhinji, neichi chiongororwa, kuputika kunowanikwa munzvimbo dzekupedzisira 15-20 masentimita eileamu. Kazhinji, mapofu, mashomanana uye mapepa ezvinyorwa zvegumbo rekudya zvinobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa.

Kuvhiringidza kweiyoum, zviratidzo zvatichakurukura pasi apa, dzinofanira kurapwa panguva. Kana zvisina kudaro, mushure memakore matatu murwere anogona kuve nezvinetso zvakadai sekudzivirira mumimba, fistulas, abscesses, peritonitis, amyloidosis, kubuda ropa uye vamwe.

Zviratidzo zveCrohn's Disease

Zviratidzo zvechirwere chakadaro zvakasiyana.

• Kutambudzika kwakanyanya munzvimbo yakarurama (kazhinji kacho kuyeuka kwekliniki yepamusoro appendicitis). Panguva imwecheteyo, murwere ane fiverish, anonetseka nekushushikana uye kusuruvara nguva dzose. Kazhinji, kurwadziwa kunoitika maawa matatu mushure mekudya.
• Kubudirira kwekushaya ropa uye kupera.
• Kushandura kwekwenyika mune yeaum, iyo inokonzera kuvhara mumimba.
• Kumuvirirwa kwemazuva ose kana kuora, uye kugunun'una mumatumbo.
• Kubuda ropa kwakanyanya kana kuti mudiki weropa muhangu

Zvimwe zvirwere

Lymphoid hyperplasia yeeum inopesana nemamiriro ekudzivirira immunodeficiency uye kuwedzera kwakanyanya mumatumbo emukati. Kazhinji shanduko dzakadaro dzenguva dzisati dzaitika uye dzinowanzoparara pasina tsanangudzo pachavo pachavo. Chikonzero chekusimudzirwa kwekuparadzana kwakadaro kungave kusakwanira kugadziriswa kwemuviri we lymphoid wemukumbo, izvo zvinowanzoitika pamusana pekutsvaga kwekunze.

Zviratidzo zveLymphoid hyperplasia

Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai se:

• Diarrhea;
• Mucheche kurwadziwa;
• Kusanganiswa kweropa uye kukonzera muchechi;
• Kuwedzera gassing uye kubvisa;
• Kurasikirwa muhukuru;
• Yakaderedza kushorwa kwemuviri kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

Ne hyperplasia yakasimba, zviratidzo zvekudzivirira mumukati zvinogona kuumba . Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvirwere zvechikamu ichi chemukati zvinosanganisira enteritis uye kenza.

Kuongororwa kwezvirwere uye zvinokonzera

Kuvhiringidza kweiyoum kunoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvemukati uye chirwere chemuviri mushure mekunge ropa, urini uye nyuchi zviedzo, uye pamwe nekubatsirwa nenzira yakadaro yemazuva ano yekuongorora se fiber-fibrous endoscopy. Muchiitiko ichi, kuchinja mu submucosal yechando yematumbo kunowanzoonekwa mune varwere. Kuipa kwakadaro kusina kunaka kunogona kukurwisana nehupenyu hwekupararira polyposis, kusingaperi tonsillitis nekusawirirana kwebasa mumatumbo makuru.

Kurapa kwezvirwere

Kazhinji, lymphofollicular hyperplasia inosanganisa chete chikamu chekupedzisira cheiyoum. Ichi chirwere chinogadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu, mune zvisingashandisi kurapwa. Kana iri chirwere cheCrohn, kenza uye zvimwe zvinokonzera kuvhiringidza, zvinogona kukanganisa iyo yose yepamusoro yepamuviri nekunonoka kurapwa, izvo zvichazoguma zvichifa. Muchiitiko ichi, kurapwa kunosanganisira kushandiswa kwemishonga, kusanganisira antibacterial drugs, izvo zvinongororwa chete neune gastroenterologist ane ruzivo. Nenzira, kazhinji zvirwere zvakadaro mumatanho epamusoro ekuvandudza zvinorapwa nekubatsirwa kwekupindira kwekuvhiya.

Izvi zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti pamwe nemishonga yekurapa zvirwere zveiyoum yemukomana muduku, kudya kwakasimba kunorayirwa. Semitemo, inosanganisira chiedza chete, nokukurumidza digestible uye vitamin-rich rich foods. Mukuwedzera, murwere anenge asingabvumirwi kunwa zvinwiwa zvinodhaka, zvakanyanya mhepo, yakakosha, mafuta, yakabikwa uye ine nzara nyama, hove, mushroom ndiro. Zvokudya zvevarwere zvinofanira kusanganisira zviyo zvakasvibirira, zvakagadzirirwa pahafu yekisi, chingwa chakachena chegorosi chekugadzirwa kwezuro, dzimwe nguva mafuta, mazai, tei, compotes, zvinwiwa zvezvibereko, mazamu emasango emasango, blueberries, shiri cherries. Kana iwe uchitevera kudya uye utora mishonga yose inorayirwa nachiremba wako, mugumisiro wekurapwa kweiyo inonzi ileum ichave yakakosha.