The History Of nhare: chidzoke uye kukura

Nvidia nyaya Zvinofadza mune zvinoumba nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa siyana mano, uye tichitaura zvokukura paku- kutaurirana network kuti siyana pasi pose. Mune zvimwe simba rinomutsa zviri kupararira zvakakodzera michina sokuti echimurenga, mune imwe kunoratidzwa kufambira mberi yunifomu. Ndezvipi chinozikamwa zvinhu pamusoro yose telecommunication indasitiri?

Ndiani akazogadzira runhare?

Setsika, nhoroondo mavambo runhare chokuita nezita Aleksandra Bella, mumwe vaPresbyterian-akaberekerwa American muvambi. Zvechokwadi, yakakurumbira aiongorora akatora zvakananga chikamu kukura echimurenga mudziyo kuparadzira kurira nechokure. Zvisinei, pane zvinhu kuti mukuita foni inokosha basa rakanga reDare dzimwe vagadziri. Somuenzaniso, Iogann Kuvshinov Reis, akakurumbira German muvambi, musangano masayendisiti ari Physics munharaunda, inoitwa 1861, yakashuma akasika zvikabva electric mudziyo wokushandura kurira nechokure. Yaivawo zita nokugadzirwa - "Foni", yaizivikanwa kwatiri nhasi. Reis vomunguva Zvisinei, mudziyo wabatwa pasina zvakakodzera kufarira. Asi chinhu chinokosha, iyo ine nhoroondo pafoni yako.

Pashure pemakore 15, vatsvakurudzi maviri American, Erisha Gray uye Aleksandr Bell, achishanda ari ega, vakaona migumisiro nvidia. masayendisiti Vose, Sezvineiwo, nezuva iroro, kureva 14 February 1876, nyaya chikumbiro kuti bvumidzwa ake kuwanikidza. Panyaya iyi ano ezvinhu, izvo zvaizoita kuti vanounganidzwa nvidia, havana zvichigere dzakabudirira. Anofungidzirwa kuti Bell inenge 2 kwemaawa mberi Gray muna uchitsvaka, uye vanyori vakawanda kusonganirana ezvinhu ichi chokuti nhoroondo runhare nhasi chokuita nezita ane American muvambi.

VeMubatanidzwa wokutanga runhare

Aleksandr Bell akagara Boston uye akashanda nevanhu nematambudziko vane kunzwa uye nokutaura. Muna 1873 akava purofesa physiology pa Boston University. By hunhu mabasa ake, pamwe akanga ane nyanzvi mumunda acoustics uye akanga kwazvo kunzwa.

Nhoroondo yokutanga foni akasikwa Aleksandrom Bellom, kwakabatana, saka basa rake. Pakati zvinoshamisa zvinhu zvine chokuita nokugadzirwa mudziyo - zvimwechetezvo nvidia dzakaonekwa nokuda muongorori pamwe zvakananga rubatsiro mubatsiri wake. Somuenzaniso, nyanzvi vachishanda Bell, kamwe kudzura rimwe bwendefa achitumira mudziyo, iyo, sezvo zvaiita Bella akanga achiita kwengoro. Somugumisiro nevatsvakurudzi, izvi zvakakonzerwa ndechokuti chinhu kuita periodic kuvhara kuti magetsi vokukurukura.

On hwaro dzakaonekwa mugumisiro Aleksandr Bell akasika runhare. Akanga akamisa yakareruka: ari Kamudzira ganda, akashongedzerwa pamwe zvichikurukura chaikosha kuwedzera vhoriyamu. Mudziyo zvinogona kutapurira chete kurira manzwi, asi zvinoita sokuti raiva zvakakwana kuti bvumidzwa mudziyo - zvakakodzera gwaro, ukaramba vakanyora yakagadzirwa, Bell akagamuchira March 10, 1876.

History Zvinoshamisawo dzeserura uye nemashoko avo ezvokutengeserana udzvanyiriri. Mazuva mashoma gare gare ivo vakatanga pakati dzakachinjwa foni kuitira kuti fambisa zvakajeka anzwike vakaparadzana mashoko. Gare gare, Aleksandr Bell akaratidza mudziyo wake vemabhizimisi. The chikwata akaita incredible mwoyo kwevanhu bhizimisi. nokukurumidza American muvambi vakanyorwa kambani yake, iyo vakazova yakabudirira.

wokutanga runhare mutsetse The

Phone chiitiko nhoroondo anozivikanwa kwatiri zvino. Asi Bell kuvamba dzaimera muupenyu hwezuva nezuva? Muna 1877 - muBoston - wokutanga runhare mutsetse kwakatangwa, uye muna 1878, muNew Haven - yenhare. Mugore iroro mumwe American muvambi wakakurumbira, Thomas Edison, akasika muenzaniso itsva mudziyo kuti izwi iri kure. In kwayo Chimiro induction coils aripo, izvo yekudyidzana kuwedzera mhando kukurukurirana, uyewo kuwedzera chinhambwe inzwi hutachiwana.

The mupiro vavambi kubva Russia

Nhoroondo foni Runowanzobatanidzwawo mazita vagadziri Russian. Muna 1885 Pavel Mihaylovich Golubitsky muvambi kubva Russia yakatanga vangasimudzira itsva Zano yenhare, umo simba yaipiwa kuti midziyo kubva kunze - kubva nechepakati kunobva. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, mumwe parunhare ari dzinofambiswa nokuda AC simba rayo nzira yokubudisa. Pfungwa iyi akabvumira kuti pave yemapurisa uchishumira akawandisa subscribers - ezviuru. Muna 1895, Russian muvambi Mikhail Filippovich Freudenberg akapa nyika pfungwa zvokutsinhanisa, izvo zvinoreva chinhu otomatiki kubatana mumwe rinotengeswa nevaridzi kune mumwe. First nokuita PBX wakatangwa kuUnited States muguta Augusta.

Development kukurukura mitsetse mu Russia

Nyaya foni kuRussia chokuita kuvakwa mitsetse kuti kupararira kutaurirana pakati St. Petersburg uye Malaya Vishera. Kukurukurirana wokutanga pakati subscribers Russian achishandisa vakati mugero kwakaitika muna 1879, kureva, pashure pemakore 3 chete kubva nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa runhare. Gare gare, mumwe wokutanga rehurumende kukurukurirana mitsetse kuizwi Marina St. George, iri Nizhny Novgorod, uye furati yezvaiva utungamiriri Steamship Company "bhurigedhi". mutsetse urefu oda muna 1547 m.

runhare exchanges guta racho Kugara - muSt Petersburg, Moscow, uye Odessa - vakatanga kushanda kubva 1882. Muna 1898, pakava kure mutsetse, unobva Moscow uye St. Petersburg. History of dzeserura muRussia vanofarira ndechokuti yemapurisa inotarisira kuti kukurukurirana chiteshi pakati Moscow uye St. Petersburg, uye kuchine anoshanda. It iri Butcher Street mu guru Russia.

Kumhanya kukura nhare dziri Russian Empire vakanga chaizvo akanaka - saka Somuenzaniso, muna 1916 100 Moscow vagari akanga avhareji 3,7 foni. Muna 1935, kare muna Soviet Union, vaiva nhare dzose Moscow nokuda Metro station. Kubvira 1953, dzimba dzose, kuisa basa guru Soviet Union, akanga atadza foni tambo.

Nhoroondo iri zvinonakidza runhare. Zvinofadza nguva yokudzidza zvizere. Dzidza sei vakanga wired that nhare, funga zvikuru kunoshamisa chokwadi nezvechinangwa Mobile mano, iyo zvino havasi zvishoma muna kudiwa pane tsika vaya.

sei maserura

Hwokutanga hwakanyorwa kukurukura pafoni kuburikidza redhiyo mugero, vanoverengeka kiyi zvatariswa kuMudzidzisi zviga sangano ano cellular kukurukurirana, yakaitwa 1950 kuSweden. Sture Laugen muvambi, panguva vhiri kuti Televerket, vakabudirira akafonera pamwe yakarurama yakazara nomukombiyuta dzakasiyana mudziyo mhando. Pakazosvika nguva Sture Lauren apedza makore anoverengeka ari Televerket, mubasa kukura mudziyo uyu. Nhoroondo serura Runowanzobatanidzwawo zita Ragnar Berglund, Laura vaaishanda navo.

The chinangwa - vanobudisa musika

Pakazosvika nguva basa Laurenne kudanwa, izvo isu akati apa, redhiyo runhare, sezvo vakadaro, rave richishandiswa kare, asi zvakanga kuwanika chete chinokosha mabasa uye ezvirevo zvechiuto. Televerket kambani chinangwa - kusika zano kunowanikwa wese.

Misa-musika kukura Swedish wakasuduruka muna 1956. Pakutanga, aishanda chete mumaguta maviri - Stockholm uye Gothenburg. Muna 1956 zvakanzi chokuita subscribers 26 chete, zvakanga hazvishamisi nokuti mukuru expensiveness "mbozha", kukosha rakanga rakafanana mutengo motokari.

Kukura Mobile kutaurirana

Nhoroondo maserura vanoverengeka zvinhu kunopa simba pamusoro kupararira nvidia. Kana, somuenzaniso, pashure pemakore 3 chete okuberekwa michina akasikwa pamusoro nenhungamiro Aleksandra Bella, achishingaira wakashanda kuRussia, kwenguva yakati, mobile phones havana kushandiswa hombe kudiwa.

Chete muna 1969, nyika vatungamiriri foni pamusika vakatanga kufunga chii zvaizova zvakanaka kuti zvimwe kubatanidza nhengo kutaurirana hurongwa. Somuenzaniso, zvakanga vakafunga kuti mumwe rinotengeswa nevaridzi - akafanana wakaiswa nhare varidzi - richava nhamba yacho, uye musi, kwete chete munyika umo rakapa, asi kunze. Saka, tinogona kutaura kuti nhoroondo serura iri chaizvoizvo kubva pakutanga inoratidza kufarira zviri okugadzira munharaunda iri Implementation kuti kungomberereka pfungwa.

Mune rimwe wokutanga vavambi zvekuti anobatsira Implementation pamusoro zvigadzirwa, iyo yakaumbwa kuMudzidzisi zvikumbiro - kudzidza Stockholm Technical School Estaing Myakitolo. Nhoroondo kusikwa serura sezvo tichiziva hwakabatana zvakananga zita rake. Zvisinei, nokuti hunoshanda Implementation mafungiro Myakitolo zvaida simba kwazvo rwokugadzira. Vakaonekwa chete mukutanga 80 wacho.

Yokutanga cellular Network

Nhoroondo dzeserura zvinosanganisira kunoshamisa chokwadi: kutanga, Saudi Arabia akava nyika umo cellular rezvebonde yambokurukurwa. Zvaiva imomo kuti kambani Ericsson, kuti kushingaira mubasa anobatsira Implementation pakati pfungwa yaida Myakitolo, muna 1981 chibvumirano romugove kuMudzidzisi mabasa. Pomumbure, iyo yakatanga kufamba muna Saudi Arabia, akanga dzinoratidzwa huru yokuona - mukanyiwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma cellular mitemo akavandudzika, pomumbure vakatanga kushanda mune dzimwe nyika.

Development tsika nemitemo

Sezvo Mobile musika kukura yave kutanga vanofanira kutanga zvakafanana zvaanoda urongwa ukama mabasa. In Saudi Arabia, dzekuma Scandinavia, kuti Benelux rava yakakurumbira yokuti NMT muGermany kwaisanganisira C-Netz wemuTesitamende UK, France uye Italy vakanga chinozoiswa pfungwa dzavo.

VeMubatanidzwa GSM

Kuti nokusangana reEuropean Mobile nzvimbo, GSM mureza akasikwa. Anogona kutaura, ndiye, zvakawanda zvakanakisisa dzimwe pfungwa "nyika" uye naizvozvo zvazvo kwete pasina dambudziko, asi rakazoshandiswa munhu European Michina nharaunda 1986. Asi chokutanga GSM-Network wakatangwa chete muna 1990 muFinland. Zvadaro, mureza uyu razova nokutengesa huru nokuda Russian cellular kukurukurirana.

The History Of nhare - zvose kwakajairika uye cellular - ndiko kusimba zvinonakidza. Asi zvinofadza sei ruzivo kuva. Ngationei kudzidza sei kuvandudza cellular mutsetse.

Kukura cellular musika

Mumakore okutanga pashure pakatanga GSM-zvaanoda nevatengi kushandisa tsika akakodzera mabasa zvakanga inodhura kwazvo. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma mano zvakafanira kuti kushanda pamwe Mobile network, vakawira uye akava chaizvo akakura. Nhare dzakanga nani, yakaderera kukura. Muna 1996, Nokia akatanga Chokwadi, mumwe wokutanga akangwara foni - zano kuburikidza paunogona kutumira e-mail, faxes, kushandisa Internet. Mugore iroro paiva bhuku iyo yava kunozivikanwa StarTac kubva Motorola.

Smartphones uye Mobile Internet

Muna 1997, Philips akatanga dzomoto pafoni ane huru kwazvo kumucheto kuti bhatiri upenyu - maawa anenge 350. Muna 1998 yakaonekwa foni Sharp PMC-1 Smartphone, ane musabata chidzitiro. It aitarisirwa kuti aizova zvakananga mukwikwidzi kuna kumusoro Gadget kubva Nokia. Muna 1999, foni dzaishandisa vakatanga kusuma WAP michina kuchaita aivabatsira subscribers kuwana Mobile Internet. Muna 2000, pakava mureza GPRS uye UMTS - mumwe kiyi rinoshandiswa muna mavakirwo nokuda 3G-network.

Muna 2009, boka Swedish TeliaSonera wakatanga kurwisa nyika yokutanga 4G Network mwero. zvino iye anonzi kupfuura ano uye ari anosimudzirwa dzaishandisa pose.

dzeserura kutarisira

Chii danho rinotevera kukura Mobile indasitiri? Mobile nhoroondo parunhare inoratidza kuti kunobudirira budiriro zvingaitwa kuitika chero nguva. Zvingaita sokuti 4G mureza - ndiwo muganhu zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinhu. Zvaizoratidza sokuti kutamira Data pamwero wezviuru megabits, kukuru kudanwa unhu - izvo zvinogona kuti LEVEL?

Zvisinei, aitungamirira pakutsvakurudza mumarabhoritari munyika kuramba vachishingairira mumunda kugadzirisa zviri Mobile rwokugadzira. Zvichida munguva pfupi iri mumaoko naani anoda rinotengeswa nevaridzi ichava sechinhu shamisa kuti ano mugari muchina aiva sei foni Bella mumakore 70 remakore rechi19, kana vanoti chikumbiro kubva motokari iri dzomunzvimbo nhamba Sture Lauren. Uye shure kwechinguva uye vanhu haangavi kushamiswa. Saka izvi chinopa simba Tech indasitiri.