The chikuru chinoita kuti nzvimbo kugadzirwa. nzvimbo inoshandiswa zvinhu: tafura

Nekutumirwa kwemauto okuwana kunokosha uye kunoda kungwarira kuongorora. Chokwadi ndechokuti indasitiri ose kunobva zvinhu zvakawanda. Economist basa - kuwana kupfuura kunobatsira nzvimbo kukura basa kuti kugadzirwa raiva Mari-inobudirira zvikuru.

Chii chinokonzera ari nzvimbo inoshandiswa

The miganhu kuparadzirwa maindasitiri iri pakutsvaga yaisanganisa simba zvinhu zvakawanda. Dzavo quantitative uye Qualitative ratios kuitika siyana dzomutauro kuti uchingoti maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Izvi zvevhiki spatial kunoenderana nokuchengeteka nyika kana ayo kumatunhu echisikigo, manpower, pfuma, pachiyero nesayenzi, zviripo uye zvoupfumi kwenzvimbo, boka raivapo kwezvivako uye nhoroondo zviri mundima.

In dzezvoupfumi, pane mhirikiro inoverengeka pfungwa "chinokonzera ari nzvimbo inoshandiswa." Mamwe masayendisiti ari zvinoita achireva zvinhu uye mamiriro zvakakodzera pagadzirwe imwe mhando chigadzirwa, mumwe yakatarwa anosiyana siyana nenzvimbo munzvimbo. Vamwe vanoti zvikonzero okuwana vanokamurwa kupinda zviwanikwa uye voruzhinji zviwanikwa (guta, dzomunyika ukama, ruzhinji simba, mabasa makambani makuru).

Basic mifananidzo kuparadzirwa masimba zvibereko

Location okuwana paruchaitika mitemo, zvinova inoratidza kuitika vachida nekutumirwa kwemauto.

mapatani izvi zvinoratidza:

• zvinobudirira placement kuti kwaizovimbisa kupfuura vakarongeka kushandiswa mari;
• kuvapo pedyo richibatanidza nzvimbo inoshandiswa uye mwero upfumi mudunhu;
• kuti nedoro wekambani pamusoro specialization yekwataigara kubasa;
• Maonero of revatema kukura mamiriro ezveupfumi mudunhu.

Kuongororwa kugadzirwa placement zvinhu

Rikaisa zvebhizimisi vachishoropodza kubudirira kwayo. Zviri mhando kwezvoupfumi kubatsirwa, mugumisiro uko kunoratidzwa muna rutapudzo kuti mari kuti kugadzirwa uye ayo kumusika.

Zvinonzi kunodiwa kuti vaite rimwe hwakadzama kuongorora mari anotsanangura ruzivo pamusoro zvinoita kuti kukanganisa nzvimbo inoshandiswa kusarudza kupfuura zvakanaka chirimwa nzvimbo. Saka, zvinokosha kuti kuverenga zvinotevera zviratidzi:

1. Mari kurendesa kana kutenga munda.
2. Mari wakaiswa yesangano - midziyo, motokari, dzimba.
3. Mari kuti mbishi zvinhu.
4. Mari basa.
5. Transport mari.
6. The chimbadzo pamusoro zvikwereti.
7. Depreciation kubva pazvinhu zvinhu.

Zvipenyu izvi pamusoro yavaive okuwana mari kumukuru pamwero sei mari pakugadzira zvinhu, basa, zvifambiso uye peturu.

kupatsanura zvinhu

Zvichienderana mabasa kwakaitwa zvinhu zvakadai kusiyanisa nzvimbo inoshandiswa:

1. Natural - ukuru kudzivirirwa nharaunda yacho zviwanikwa; okunze, orographic, Geological uye zvimwe zvirwere.
2. Socio-wevanotungamirira - Kuwanikwa basa uye mamiriro mumagariro kwezvivako.
3. Scientific uye hwokugadzira - pamwero unyanzvi uye kwesayenzi kwemashoko nharaunda.
4. Economic - kukura chokufambisa network, nzvimbo yomugariro nzvimbo nharaunda, nguva kuvaka, uwandu guru uye chigadzirwa mari.
5. Ecological - kukwanisa kusika akanaka ezvinhu dzokushanda uye Magariro vemo, ukuru Utilisation rokudzora zvinhu pasina kukuvadza mhoteredzo.

indasitiri ose ane pachake yakatarwa ayo dzakananga zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, zviri zvinhu zvinokosha zviri placement pamusoro zvokuimba okugadzira Mazinga - masayendisiti uye zvekushandisa hwaro, pamwe, specialization uye Kuwanikwa basa mari.

Nyanzvi waongorora kuti zvekuvaka rwose nzvimbo upfumi uye kuongorora kuti zvakadini havana chokuita huru zvinhu okuwana nzvimbo. Tafura inoratidza kutsamira huru maindasitiri-siyana zvokushandisa.

Rating chikero: 0 - maturo; 1 - kuvabatsira; 2 - yakakwirira potency; 3 - chikonzero chinoita mutsindo basa.

By uwandu pfungwa dzinogona kuonekwa sevanhu vakasiyana sectors hwenyika sei chete zvinhu okuwana nzvimbo. Tafura chinoratidza simba kutsamira chechiedza indasitiri yacho nzvimbo mutengi, vezvokutengeserana kweShanduro zvekuvaka uye mafuta uye simba zvinoita, uye ouinjiniya yacho basa zvinogona yacho nharaunda. The zvakawanda vakava nyika, dzakanga mugove maindasitiri kuti zvinoodza mutengi. Saka, tinogona kutaura pamusoro yose muitiro kwokuwedzera simba nevatengi chikonzero.

dzinongoitika zvinhu

Natural zvikonzero kufurira nzvimbo inoshandiswa, dzakabudiswa muna tanga maindasitiri. Uye chete munguva musayenzi uye kwesayenzi chimurenga, ukama uyu simba zvishoma. Asi nokuda extractive maindasitiri, boka iri kuramba kuva huru zvinhu.

minda zhinji uye madziva zviwanikwa zviri kushanda dzakaparadzwa, saka migodhi makambani zvatanga kufamba munzvimbo itsva kukura nzvimbo, izvo kazhinji kacho zvakaoma uye inozivikanwa ezvinhu akanyanyisa. Somuenzaniso, mafuta uye gasi mugungwa uye bays. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa uye vanoparadza deposits itsva zviwanikwa kunoda nouchapupu guta mari uye anotarisana kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Socio-wevanotungamirira chinokonzera nzvimbo inoshandiswa

Socio-wevanotungamirira zvinhu zvinosanganisira nevanhu, mamiriro zvemagariro kwezvivako, kunaka kuongorora uye uwandu hwevanhu mari.

basa chikonzero vanofungidzirwa kushanda nguva humwechete chairema kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa. Enzanisa vachishandisa zviratidzo inotambirwa uye mari yapera chigadzirwa. Kune mapoka matatu kugadzirwa basa mari:

• vysokotrudoemkie - kwemitengo yezvinhu basa kwevanhu pakuburitswa miduku okuwana (kugadzirwa TVs uye zvemagetsi, Textiles, muchina Ezvemutauro);
• srednetrudoemkie - pamusoro chete reshiyo vamwe basa mari (zvemakemikari uye chiedza indasitiri);
• kwete basa - shoma basa chiyamuro mushandi chete chairema goho (simba maindasitiri, simbi).

Scientific chinhu kugadzirwa nzvimbo

Panguva musayenzi uye kwesayenzi chimurenga, chinhu ichi vakabatsira kuti yoga boka pamusana wayo zvakasimba kuparadzira kugadzirwa. Izvi anonyanya zvinoreva yepamusorosoro Mazinga, izvo kunyanya kusimbiswa mumaguta makuru. Somuenzaniso, muFrance vakawanda pakutsvakurudza mudonzvo kushanda Paris, wokuJapan - muTokyo. Dzimwe nyika makasika "guta sayenzi" yose, kushandisa ari zvidzidzo zvakasiyana.

In nguva nokukurumidza mune zvesayenzi uye kugadzira kukura, itsva siyana miganhu localization sayenzi - ano anovaraidza uye Techno. Chokutanga, havana vakagamuchira US (nesilicon Valley), akabva atamira Western Europe, Asia nedzimwe nyika.

Technopark - Connect tsvakurudzo yemakambani dzinomuka dzakapoteredza hombe rabhoritari, akatanga kana kuyunivhesiti. Chinangwa chikuru paki iri kuti kupfupisa ya hunoshanda Implementation pfungwa yesayenzi.

Technopolis - zvikuru zvakasikwa nzanga nesayenzi kuti mubasa kukura itsva ruzivo itsva, kurovedza yevashandi vanokwanisa uye kukura ruzivo-nyanyisa maindasitiri. Technopolis ndiye muvambi wesangano Japan, asi nokukurumidza pfungwa dzakatorwa dzimwe nyika.

The zvoupfumi chinhu kugadzirwa nzvimbo

Current pamusika zvinhu zvinoda kufunga zvemari zvinhu pakusarudza zvebhizimisi localization: ezvinhu ose mari uye mitero, Kuwanikwa kugadzirwa zvivako uye kwezvivako. Nokuda zvemari makomborero kune maguta akawanda uye munyika akasimbisa upfumi hwavo (Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea). Zvino, chinhu ichi kunobatsirawo pamusoro pokumuka kugadzirwa muPoland, Hungary, Czech Republic.

Panewo imwe chinhu boka upfumi rinosanganisira muzvigadzirwa kusimudzira nharaunda, kukwanisa akwezve mari guru uye nenzvimbo nzvimbo, zvekufambisa, kwakaita hupfumi ukama makuru nharaunda uye nyika, dzakawanda basa. Zvinonzi sechinhu simba chaizvo chinokonzera nzvimbo kugadzirwa motokari. Akapiwa mari zvokufambisa, kambani ruchigona ndimo mbishi zvinhu kana kuti mutengi. Kana mutengo mafuta uye zvinhu zviri zvishoma pane mari yapera zvigadzirwa, kurimwa inogona riri takawanda kure yakatsvuka zvinhu. In nevakomana nyaya, zvavakanga vachida kuita nzvimbo anofanira kusarudzwa pedyo pfuma, kuderedza yokufambisa.

Environmental boka Zvinhu

Nokuda unopinza kuwedzera kugadzirwa munyika zvakawanda emakambani kufunga zvakatipoteredza zvikonzero kukanganisa kugovera kugadzirwa. Nokukurumidza rwokugadzira kukura, kukura mwero dzokubudisa kuti zviwanikwa kuti kumwero vakawedzera mutoro zvakatipoteredza. Somugumisiro, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvinetso zvemhoteredzo, izvo chero nguva kunogona dzikava njodzi.

Chinonyanya vanoshorwa maindasitiri zvinosanganisira namakemikari, simende, simbi, simba renyukireya, uye vamwe. Accommodation Makambani mumaindasitiri izvi zvinoda akaoma chaizvo kusvika.