The Abbey pamusoro Saint-Denis: kare, tsananguro, Photo

The Abbey pamusoro Saint-Denis kazhinji haana kuiswawo pakati mureza vashanyire karwendo chirongwa. Izvi zvinoitika nokuti kuti riri mune pamuromo chaizvo Mafuro Paris. Asi nzvimbo ino ndiyo chenhau rinokosha, kwayo zvachose inokosha kushanya.

Legend zvisikwa Abbey

Kwakabva zita Saint-Denis Rinobatanidzwa ne ngano pamusoro Dhionisio - bhishopu Paris wokutanga uye musande aive France. Sezvo nyaya anoenda, akatumirwa nharaunda iyi Pantifikom kunorapwa galliytsev vahedheni kutenda kwechiKristu. Akaurayiwa muna Montmartre mukutonga kwaMambo valerian: musoro. Zvisinei, muviri St. Dhionisio akauya musoro wake, ndokutora mumaoko ake uye afamba achienda vachiri vanenge vatanhatu kana manomwe makiromita kumabvazuva. Pashure pacho vakawira pedyo yokugara duku, vakazochinja ainzi pashure pake Saint-Denis. Nyaya iyi kwakaitika kure 258 AD. Kusvikira zvino, mifananidzo St. Dhionisio ichifananidzwa akabata musoro wake mumaoko ake.

Nzvimbo Kuvigwa Dhionisio kweParis, kunyanya chaiyo pamusoro guva, mugore 475 yakavakwa nokuropafadzwa Saint Genevieve kereke wemamongi Saint-Denis. Panguva iyoyo chaimbova Gallo-Roman kumakuva. Uye VII remakore kubudikidza zvarayirwa rwakapoteredza King Dagobert First rakadzikwa Abbey. Gavhuna pachake aida kuvigwa pano. The Abbey akavigwa ose madzimambo kuFrance: madzimambo uye navanamambokadzi, namachinda uye machindakadzi. Data pamusoro uwandu vanhu dzakakwirira vakavigwa mune zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, nokuti havasi vose akachengetedzwa kuvigwa. makuva akawanda zvakaparadzwa.

Gothic Style anotora midzi yawo pano

Kereke St Dhionisio akanga reconstructed kanoverengeka: muzana remakore rechinomwe pakusika wemamongi yaitonga Pepin pfupi. Muzana XII remakore Abbey yazova simba chaizvo uye simba muFrance. Naizvozvo, kwakasarudzwa ayo kukura uye kuvakwa kwezvivako zvitsva. Izvi pamwero mukuru rokuvakazve wakatanga kurwisa Abbot Suger - chinoziva uye hunoshamisa zvechitendero vezera rake, mufambi. Its vakaonga, akateerera nayo akawanda French madzimambo (semuenzaniso, Louis chechina uye Louis rechinomwe).

Pfungwa vavakezve kwaiva kuratidza wakawedzera kurema France uye netsika yaro Europe, uye pasi pose. Kuvakwa rwakatora anopfuura gumi. Abbot aida kuchengeta yepakutanga kutarira. Saka pamusana vaiitawo basa mapurani tsika uye dzinokura akamuka gothic Style: chiwanikwa Burgundy uye Romanesque zvekunyanyisa. Uye chivakwa yokutanga yakaitwa muna Gothic manyorerwo, yaiva chechi Saint-Denis Abbey.

Suger, murongedzeri kusikwa mukuru yakasvibiswa magirazi mahwindo kuratidza nyaya kubva muBhaibheri, "yakasvibiswa girazi akamuka" pamusoro pesuo, vakava zvemaoresa ari Abbey. Church of Saint-Denis akaramba ngaidzoswe, uye pashure pokufa Abbot Suger. In emakore akazotevera, nguva dzose chinhu chakachinja, saka nhasi kushongedzwa kwenyika kwasvika chete muchidimbu.

Guva madzimambo France

Muzana XIII remakore, Louis IX, akarayira kuchinjwa kodzero dzose aizovigwa madzimambo vake mundima Abbey. Kereke payakava vanoshandawo sezvo guva dzamadzimambo France.

On tombstones kubva siyana nguva zvinogona yakawana sezvo achinja uye vakava kwevafi uri emakore akasiyana. Chikamu Slabs uye zvivako yakashongedzwa yakanyungudutswa, inofananidza iyo iri vakarara madzimambo (ichi Ndiwo wegumi nemiviri remakore), kuti Renaissance tombstones akashongedzwa nziyo kare vane tariro yokumutswa.

The Abbey pamusoro Saint-Denis mumazuva ari Revolution muFrance

Zana Makore War, Huguenot hondo zvakakonzera chinokosha kukuvara mavakirwo Abbey, asi kumarinda akatambura kunyanya munguva French Revolution. Madota autocrat yakanga dumped mugomba uye akavigwa, vazhinji zvinochengeterwa pamusoro nharaunda mabasa ounyanzvi zvakabviswa kana vakarasika.

Zvinonzi kuti kuipandukira kufuka chakaratidzwa muviri King Louis wechina. Kwekanguva, munhu aigona kuuya uye tora Kutarira mapfupa. Mimwe mitumbi vakanga bvamburwa, munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva musha necrophilia uye kunyange kutengeswa.

peji ino mutema pamusoro nhoroondo Abbey pakati Saint-Denis kutopera. The Church raifanira yakaparadzwa sezvakarayirwa National Assembly, asi panguva yokupedzisira yakanga yabviswa.

Muna 1814, vakaisa murwi ari "vakawanda makuva" madzimambo zvinoera yaicherwa kumusoro, vakaunganidza ari crypt mu assuary. Uye muna 1869, pacharo kuti Basilica Abbey pamusoro Saint-Denis akadzorerwa kunoshamisa mapurani French Viollet-le-Ðức, uyo akadzorera hakuna shongwe huru. Iye vakashanda, Somuenzaniso, church of Notre-Dame Du Mont-Saint-Michel nevamwe. In XVII remakore Saint-Denis akanga zvakare kushanda sechinhu muguva korona.

Kuvigwa mhemberero vaMambo

Muzana XVII remakore, maererano French repamutemo pfungwa, mambo anofanira kunge usingafi. It chinosimbiswa zvakasimba nokuda vakawanda kuvigwa tsika. The woumambo aiva hunyambiri zvinoreva: yevanhu uye muzodziwa waJehovha. Somuenzaniso, pemariro kwaMambo Henry wechina rwakatora mazuva makumi mana. The mukati ari mambo zvakabviswa pashure pokufa uye akavigwa Abbey pakati Saint-Denis oga uye pasina mhemberero. A mwoyo wakachena, vakasimbirira doro uye pazvirugu, kutongokwizwa nemiriwo mumucheka bhegi, ipapo vari kutungamirira bhokisi, iro yakaiswa kare mubhokisi sirivha. Madzimambo mwoyo vakanga akachengetwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Ivo zvakabatanidzwa Kunyanya kukosha, sezvo mwoyo, vari rooting kuti France. Muviri aomeswe, kuviga yoga. Zvinonzi rakagadzirwa nouswa effigy mambo Zvisinei, hapana mumwe wavo havana kurarama mushure Revolution French. Effigy Henry IV kutevedzerwa chaiwo tsika kurarama upenyu mambo zvikuru sezvo mazuva 10.

In Saint-Denis, vose youmambo achibuda pamwe akaomeswa muviri kusvikira yokupedzisira: chiratidzo madudzirwo mitsara choumambo yezwi ruoko itsva.

The King afa ... Mambo ngaararame!

Shure kwaizvozvo Mutsara achibuda mambo nekukurumidza kutevera Reims nokuda kugadzwa.

Zvichireva Saint Denis

Kutanga kubva XI-XII emakore Abbey akanga uremu kukuru France haasi chete vakaviga madzimambo, asi akadzidzisawo vatsivi rakapfekedzwa korona mambokadzi. Abbey Mutsvene-Denis akatungamirira mabasa edzidzo kuMiddle Ages, zvemamongi mubasa parudo: kwakanga chipatara, vakwegura uye nherera.

Basilica Abbey ane mapurani kukosha: ndiwo anokonzera kukura Gothic manyorerwo, zvinonzi vachiberekwa Stained magirazi unyanzvi.

Necropolis pakati Saint-Denis, France, kunoratidza kukura kwevafi Mhemberero uye ibhuku rakasiyana Monument, dombo repaguva unobereka 51.

Muna 2004 pano akavigwa mwoyo pamusoro Louis XVII, mwanakomana Marii Antuanetty, uyo, kunyange zvazvo asina mitemo, asi akanga azivikanwa samambo munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope uye muUnited States.

How kuenda Abbey

By chechi uchava namatatu mutsetse kubva Paris Metro. Stop akadana Basilique St Denis nenzira iri shoma chirimwa.

Unogonawo kushandisa mukuru-nokukurumidza chitima (Paris ndiye Acronym RER), mutsetse D, chiteshi anonzi: Saint Denis.

The kushanda kwadzinoita ari Basilica

In prialtarnuyu chikamu kereke anogona kuwanikwa mahara. Kubva pano unogona kuona kuvigwa kuburikidza mbariro. Basilica yakazarukira vaenzi anenge mazuva ose, asi kana paine pamariro kana kuti muchato. Kumukova necropolis muripo, zviri kurutivi rworudyi pamusoro Cathedral of Saint-Denis. Photo mukati rambidzwa.

No chiitiko munhoroondo France havana kukwanisa kuparadza kuvigwa zvikuru madzimambo, shongwe tsika French zvachose, kupupurira shanduko nguva uye tsika. On the muenzi ndechechokwadi kubudisa zvinoorora Gothic Chiesa Maberere, Stained girazi virtuoso uye zvakasiyana chaizvo nguva zvidavado tombstones kubva Dark Ages kufuridzira tariro yorumuko uye husingaperi kubva Zvivako zviri Renaissance.