Teutoburg Forest: Hondo nekukundwa kwemauto eRoma nemaJalimane

Kubvira pakuvapo kwevanhu, vanhu varamba vachirwisana kune simba neupfumi, kune dzimwe nyika itsva uye mune zvido zvemumwe munhu zvematongerwo enyika. Asi pakati pehuwandu hwehondo huru uye duku kune avo vasina kungochinja chete nhoroondo yevanhu vamarudzi, asi vakashandurawo vector chaiyo yekufambira mberi kwehupfumi.

Pakati pavo ndiko kukundwa kwemauto eRoma muTeutoburg Forest (9 AD). Iyi hondo yakasvibisa zita remutungamiri wedzinza reCherusks - Arminius, uyo anopfuura makumi matatu emakore anoonekwa sehondo yevanhu veGermany.

Nhoroondo yehondo

Kutanga kwezana remakore rokutanga remunguva idzva ndiro zuva reMambo hweRoma, rakabudirira kutora nzvimbo dzose idzva, richikunda madzinza mazhinji nemarudzi. Uye hazvisi simba rehondo revaLegionaries, asiwo sangano remasimba emasimba ehurumende nemashandisirwo emasvomere pane zvinyorwa.

Kukunda uye kuzviisa pasi kwemarudzi akapararira uye akarwisana madzinza echiGermany yakanga isiri basa rakaoma kuRoma.

Panguva yekutonga kwaKesari Agasto, simba roumambo hwakapararira kunharaunda kubva kuRhinine kusvika kuEribe. Pano, purovhinzi yakavakwa, inonzi Germany, gavhuna weRoma akagadza dare uye maitirwo enyika, uye mauto e5-6 akanga akakwana kuchengeta urongwa.

Kuchinja mamiriro acho ezvinhu

Gavhuna weRoma, Sons Saturin, akachenjera uye akaonekwa zvikuru, haana kukwanisa kungoparadza vazhinji vemadzinza eGermany, asiwo kukwezva vatungamiri veumambo, avo vaifuratira kukura kwesimba rine simba.

Zvisinei, pachinzvimbo chegavhuna weSaturin chakatsiviwa naPubliasio Quintilius Var, uyo akazosvika muruwa rweGermany kubva kuSiria, kwaaiwanzoita hupenyu hwakakosha, kushumira uye kunamatwa. Achitarisa madzinza emunzvimbo dzisina ngozi, akaparadzira mauto ake akaenzana munyika yose uye ainyanya kufunga nezvekutora mutero. Yaiva purogiramu yake shoma yakaona kuti Teutoburg Forest yakava dongo rezviuru zvekusarudza masoja eRoma.

Migumisiro yekutadza kwehurumende yeRoma

Var, vasingateereri kusagutsikana kwevagari vemo, vakaisa mitero yemitemo nemitemo yeRoma, mumamiriro akawanda akasiyana nemutemo wetsika wevaJalimane, avo maitiro avo aionekwa seutsvene.

Kusada kutevera mitemo yekunze kwakadzvinyirirwa. Vadzvinyiriri vakamirira chirango chekufa nekuzvidzwa kwevasina maGermany vanotonga birches.

Nokuti nguva iripo, kutsamwa uye kupesana kwevanhu vaisingaoneki, kunyanya sezvo madzinza emarudzi, akanyengedzwa nehupfumi hweRoma, vakange vakavimbika kune vose gavhuna nemasimba ehurumende. Asi nekukurumidza kushivirira kwavo kwakazoguma.

Pakutanga zvisingaenzaniswi uye kupesana kwepachivande kwakatungamirirwa nemutungamiri wekuzvikudza weCherius Arminius rudzi. Yaiva munhu anoshamisa zvikuru. Muhuduku hwake, haana kungoshumira muuto reRoma, asi akagamuchirawo mutemo weiye akatasva uye mutongi, saiyo akasiyana neushingi neuchenjeri. Quintilius Var aiva nechokwadi chekuzvipira kwake zvokuti akanga asingadi kutenda kutyisidzirwa kwakawanda pamusoro pezvichaitika. Uyezve, aifarira kudya pamwe naAarminius, uyo aive anyanzvi wekutaurirana.

Mushandirapamwe wokupedzisira weVara

Nezvakaitika mugore ra9, apo mauto eWara akapinda muTeutoburg Forest, tinogona kudzidza kubva ku "Roman History" Dione Cassius. Maererano nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, nzvimbo iyi yakanga iri mune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro yeEms River, iyo panguva iyoyo yaizivikanwa seAmisia.

Mumakore ekupedzisira egore rino, Var vakasiya musasa wake wekuzorora wezhizha uye vane mauto matatu vakaenda kune rumwe rutivi rweRhinine. Maererano neimwe shanduro, gavhuna aizopwanya mutsara weimwe nyika iri kure yeGermany. Kune rimwe divi, Quintilius Var aiwanzotora mauto ake kuenda kunzvimbo dzechando, naizvozvo akaendeswa nechitima chikuru.

VaLegionari havana kukurumidzira, kufamba kwavo kwakanonoka kwete chete nemotokari yakatakurwa, asiwo nemigwagwa yakashambwa nemvura yekuvhuvhuta. Kwenguva yakati, hondo yaifambidzana neuto re Arminius, avo vaiti vaida kutora chikamu mukudzvinyirira kwekumanikidzwa.

Teutoburg Forest: kukundwa kwemauto eRoma nemaJermany

Mvura ine simba uye nzizi dzakaputika mumvura inoyerera, ichimanikidza mauto kuti aende mauto asina kukodzera. Izvi ndizvo izvo Arminius akashandisa.

Masoja ake akasara shure kweVaRoma uye kwete kure naWeser akarwisa uye akauraya mapoka akasiyana-siyana akapararira evafundisi. Munguva iyi, mauto anotungamirira, akanga atotopinda muTeutoburg Forest, akatarisana nechipingamupinyi chisingatarisirwi kubva pamiti yakawa. Pakarepo pavakamira, mapfumo akauya kubva kwavari kubva kumahombekombe makuru, uye ipapo varwi veGermany vakabuda.

Kurwiswa kwacho kwakanga kusingatarisirwi, uye maRégionary eRoma akanga asina kushandiswa kurwisana musango, saka varwi vakangorwisana chete, asi pamirairo yaVara, uyo akanga achiedza kuenda kunze, akaenderera mberi.

Kwemazuva maviri akatevera, VaRoma vakakwanisa kubva muTeutoburg Forest vakaratidza kusundwa kwevavengi kusingagumi, asi zvichida nekuda kwekusakwanisa kweVary kuti vatore matanho makuru, kana nekuda kwezvikonzero zvezvikonzero zvepamusoro, havana kuenda pane zvinopesana. Mamiriro ekunze akaitawo basa. Nemhaka yemvura isingaverengeki, nhovo dzevaRoma dzakanyoroveswa uye hadzina kugadziriswa, uye huta hwakaratidza kuti husina kukodzera kudura.

Kurwisa muDales Gorge

Asi yakaipisisa yakanga ichiri kuuya. Icho chirevo mukurohwa kwenguva refu kwemauto eRoma akaisa kurwisana musango dema rakazara neDerskoe gorge. Mauto mazhinji eGermany, achidururira kubva kumatope, nenzira ine utsinye akaparadza maLegionnaires aityisa, uye hondo yakashanduka kuva ropa.

VaRoma vaiedza kuputsa mumupata wakadzokera kumupata wakakundikana - nzira yakavhara mavheta ayo. Yaiva chete nevatasvi vemabhiza ehaka yeVala Numonius vakakwanisa kubva kunze kweiyo grinder nyama. Achiziva kuti hondo yakarasika, avo vakakuvara Quintilus Var vakazviuraya nokuzviwisira pamunondo. Muenzaniso wake wakateverwa navamwe vakuru vakuru.

Ndivo vashomanana vemarejiyo vakakwanisa kupukunyuka kubva kumusungo wakaipa weGermany ndokuenda kuRhinine. Chikamu chikuru cheuto chakanga chakaparadzwa, zvakafanana zvakaitika kuvadzimai nevana vaifamba nemaketani.

Migumisiro yehondo

Migumisiro yehondo iyi haigoni kuve yakarongedzwa. Kukundwa kwemauto eRoma muTeutoburg Forest kwaityisa zvikuru kuna Emperor Augustus kuti akatotora varindi vomuGermany ndokuraira kudzingwa kweVaGauls vose kubva muguta guru, vachitya kuti vaizotevedzera muenzaniso wevavakidzani vavo vokuchamhembe.

Asi chinhu chikuru hachisi ichi. Hondo iri muTeutoburg Forest yakagumisa kuparadza kwevaJermany neHurumende yeRoma. Makore mashomanana gare gare, Consul Germanicus akaita mishandirapamwe mitatu yeRhinine kuitira kuti vadzivirire madzinza emhirizhonga. Asi zvaive, pane kudaro, chiito chokutsiva, panzvimbo yechitsika chakanaka chezvematongerwe enyika.

Mauto ehondo haana kuzotadzazve kuisa mungozi kubva kumiganhu yeGermany inogara yakasimba. Nokudaro, hondo muTeutoburg Forest yakamisa kupararira kwechisimba cheRoma kune kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva.

Mukuyeuka kwehondo iyi, iyo yakashandura mararamiro ezvakaitika kare, muguta reDemmold muna 1875 yakagadzirwa chifananidzo cheAriniini mushure mamamita makumi mashanu.

Iyi firimu "Herman Herusky - Hondo muTeutoburg Forest"

Maererano nenhau yehondo, mabhuku akawanda akanyorwa, pakati pavo unyanzvi, semuenzaniso, "Legionary" naLouis Rivera. Uye muna 1967, maererano nenzvimbo yakatsanangurwa yakashambadzwa. Izvi pane zvimwe zviitiko mufananidzo wekufananidzira, nokuti inobatanidzwa mukubatana kweGermany (ikozvino Germany) uye Italy. Kukosha kwekubatanidzwa kuchava pachena kana iwe uchifunga kuti Italy, chaizvoizvo, - heiress yeHurumende yeRoma, uye muGermany panguva ye fascism, kukunda kweArminius, kufungidzira gamba rehurumende, rakarumbidzwa munzira dzose.

Chigumisiro chepurogiramu yakabatanidzwa yaiva bhazha rakanaka kwazvo kubva pakuona kwechokwadi chechokwadi, umo hondo muTeutoburg Forest inoratidzwa. Inonakidza kune vateereri kwete izvi chete, asiwo tarenda yemitambo yevatambi vakadaro saCameron Mitchell, Hans von Borsodi, Antonella Lualdi nevamwe. Mukuwedzera, iri mifananidzo yakajeka uye inoshamisa, uye kupfura mifananidzo yakawanda yehondo kunonakidza.