Tamara Makarova - mukadzi wekutanga weSoviet cinema

Basa rake rakavhiringidza chido chekutevedzera mamiriyoni evakadzi veSoviet. Mifananidzo yakaratidzwa naye pahwindo yakagadzira mwoyo yevarume vakawanda vachirova kakawanda, asi rudo rwake rwakapiwa chete kuna Sergei Gerasimov oga . Akange anaye muhupenyu, mukufunga, uye mukugadzirwa.

Mukadzi wokutanga wekambani yeSoviet Tamara Makarova

Soviet Greta Garbo ainzi Tamara Makarov. Chimiro chake chakafuridzira zvisikwa zvitsva zvekusika kwemukuru mukuru S. Gerasimov. Mushure mekunyora firimu mumifananidzo ye "Stone Flower" uye "Masquerade" yakakokwa kuHollywood nokuda kwebasa remunhu mukuru mufirimu "War and Peace", asi yakaramba kupfura. Vashandi ve USSR vakanga vasina kukodzera kuonekwa kumavirira, uye pasina, nokuti iye - muiti wemitambo, mukadzi uye shamwari - kazhinji aigamuchira mabasa makuru mumifananidzo yemuongorori wenyanzvi S. Gerasimov.

Tamara Makarova. Biography

Nyeredzi yemberi yeSoviet cinema yakaberekerwa muSt. Petersburg muna 1907 mumhuri yechiremba weuto reRussia. Kubvira paucheche, musikana wacho akasika mafungiro ekugadzirisa, uye atove achiri kuyaruka, Tamara Makarova akanyanya kufarira mu ballet nemitambo. Muna 1924, mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, akapinda muChirangaridzo Chokutanga Chokudzidzisa, akazoti GITIS Workshop Nha. Iko pano iyo inosangana naSergey Gerasimov, uyo uyo hupenyu hwake huchauya huchabatanidzwa.

Pakutanga mumutambo wakaitwa muna 1927, Makarova anowana chikamu che typist Dudkin mumutambo "Rimwe jacket." Paakaiswa, akanga ari kunze kwegwagwa nekuda kwekuziva kwake nemubatsiri mukuru. Asi, sezviri pachena, yakanga iri mukana wekomborero, uye iri pano kuti kwechipiri muhupenyu hwake inopindirana naSergei Gerasimov, uyo akatorawo mufirimu iyi. Vechiduku vakawira murudo, saka kuroorana nekuumba kwevanhu vaviri vakakura-T. Makarova naS. Gerasimov-vakaumbwa. Upenyu hwose hunotevera hwemukomana wechidiki hwaizvipira kune murume wake.

Nenguva yekuonekwa mumifananidzo yeGerasimov, Tamara Makarova-mutevedzeri akanga atove akabatwa mubasa remurume. Akakwanisa kushanda nevatungamiri vakakurumbira munguva iyo IA Pyriev naViI. Pudovkin, kazhinji aiita mufirimu pamwe chete nemudzimai. Basa ravo rokutanga rekugovera semutungamiriri uye mutambikadzi wakaonekwa pazviratidzo zvenyika muna 1934. Uyu waiva firimu "Ndinokuda Here?", Nhamo, haisi kuchengetwa kusvikira mazuva edu. Nzira chaiyo yakabudisa tape "Vanomwe vakashinga" muna 1936. Mumakore ehondo, Tamara Makarova akashanda semurezi, sandwich uye murayiridzi weZvato rezvematongerwo enyika, akasara kusvika muna 1943 muLeningrad.

Tamara Makarova. Upenyu hwehupenyu hwenyeredzi

Muna 1943 mhuri yeMakarova naGerasimov vakaendeswa kuTashkent. Pano ivo vane mwana akarereka Arthur, uyo anogamuchira kubva kuvabereki vake vekurera amai zita raamai, uye zita rababa vake pakati. Arthur aiva muzukuru wemusitori wenhau, vabereki vake vakapomerwa. Vakaroorana vakanga vasina vana vokuzvarwa.

Kunze, mhuri yakaratidzika chaizvo kuti vakaroorana uye vanofara. Mutevedzeri mukuru uye mutungamiriri ane tarenda, vadzidzisi veVGIK vaviri, vaongorori vezvikomborero zvakawanda, nhamba dzevanhu vanozivikanwa, Vanyori vevanhu ve USSR. Asi shamwari uye vanozivana vanotaura kuti seri kwechikwereti chechikwereti chemukadzi asina kuchengetedzeka wepanyika, kazhinji kutukwa, kuora mwoyo uye misodzi zvakavanzwa nounyanzvi. Mumwe anoita zvekutambira Gerasimov ane hasha dzisina kukodzera aiwanzopa zvikonzero zvegodo. Pamberi pake haikwanisi kurwisana nemudzidzi wake, kana mutambi wemifananidzo, achitarisa mumafirimu ake. Asi Tamara Makarova aiva mukadzi akachenjera uye haana kutora manzwiro kuvanhu. Zvose izvi zvakasara pamusana wezvakaipa uye makuhwa. Vaigara vachichengeta mapepa uye mapepa. Gare gare, mushure mekufa kwemurume wake, Tamara Makarova akanyora mubhuku rake "Afterword": "Zvese zvandakararama zvinonakidza kwandiri. Kana chishamiso chakanga chiripo, ndinodzokorora zvakare uye ndinoroora Gerasimov ... "

Pedagogical activity

Kubva muna 1944 Makarova ave achishanda paVGIK, uye muna 1968 akava mupurofesa. Vakawanda vanoita sarudzo yedu munguva yedu vanoyeuka Tamara Makarova semudzidzisi akakurumbira ane rudo rusingaperi rwomunhu uye pfungwa yekuchenjera. Zvimwe zvine gumi VGIK, apo Makarova aiva purofesa, funga iye uye Sergei Gerasimov vabereki vavo vechipiri. Pakati pevadzidzi vavo vaiva Inna Makarova, Natalya Belokhvostikova, Lyudmila Gurchenko, Evgeny Zharikov, Lydia Fedoseyeva-Shukshina, Sergei Nikonenko, Zhanna Bolotova, Sergei Bondarchuk, Natalya Fateeva, Nikolay Eremenko, Jr .. Vose zvavo vakazova vatambi vakakurumbira uye nguva dzose yeuka vadzidzisi vavo vane ushamwari uye rudo.

Akapedza kudzidza mukirasi raMakarova , People's Artist of Russia L. Luzhina anoti Tamara Fyodorovna akabika pamusoro pevadzidzi vake kwete mumasvingo esangano, asiwo kupfuura. Vatungamiri vemusangano wekusika vakagara vachitarisira vadzidzi vavo kuti vave nebasa, uye kazhinji kazhinji kutarisirwa kwakaratidzwa kwete muzvinhu zvekusika, asiwo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Tamara Fedorovna akapedza nguva yake achifamba nevadzidzi vari muzvitoro, achibatsira kuita sarudzo mune mbatya kana shangu, uye kazhinji akazvichengeta uye achibhadhara kutenga.

Kuyeuka pafirimu

Mune mafirimu emusikirwo mukuru anenge makumi matatu. Basa rekupedzisira pamwe chete rekusika michina raiva firimu "Leo Tolstoy" (1994), uko basa raTolstoy rakaitwa naS. Gerasimov, uye Tamara Makarova vakaita mufananidzo wemukadzi wemunyori mukuru uye anofunga. Pamufaro wenyika yose wefirimu muKarlovy Vary, ribhoni rakapiwa "Crystal Globe" mubayiro.

Gerasimov akafa muna 1985, uye Tamara Makarova haana kuonekwa kune imwe nzvimbo. Akasarudza kuva vashoma muhurumende uye akatungamirira nzira yehupenyu inogadziriswa. Mutambi mukuru uyu akafa musi wa20.01.1997.