Simonov's automatic gun: specifications and photos

АВС-36 - Simfonev pfuti yakasununguka, yakabudiswa muna 1936. Pakutanga, chimbo chacho chakanga chakagadzirirwa sepfuti yekuzvigadzirira, asi munguva yekuvandudza vanyori vakawedzera nzira yekuputika kuputika. Ndiyo pfuti yokutanga inofambisa pfuti ye cartrid 7.62, iyo yakagamuchirwa neSoviet Union, uye pfuti yekutanga yenyika iyi, yakagamuchirwa mumutemo. Mukubudirira kwekupedzisira, ABC-36 yakanga iri mwedzi mishomanana mberi kweAmerica M1 Garand. Nhasi tichadzokorora nhoroondo yekugadzirwa kweSimonov pfuti yepamhizha uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvepamhizha.

Development

Purogiramu yekutanga yeSimonov pfuti yakashandurwa yakadzoserwa zvakare muna 1926. Tichifunga nezvesarudzo yakarongwa naSim Simonov, komiti yemapurisa yakasarudza kusabvumira chimbo ichi kuti chiongorwe. Muna 1930, pamakwikwi ezvombo, muumbi akabudirira. Mukurwisana mukuru waSimonov mukugadzira kwepfuti pfuti yaiva F. V. Tokarev. Muna 1931, achienderera mberi achishanda pakuvandudza pfuti yake, Simonov zvakanyanya kuidzidzira.

Kuziva

Simoniv pfuti yakazvimiririra yakanga yakanyatsotaridzika zvakanaka panzvimbo yekuedza, zvichibva pakugadziriswa kwevashandi veSoviet kuti vasunungure chiduku chiduku cheAIDS nokuda kwekuongororwa kwakawanda kwehondo. Panguva imwe chete nekusunungurwa kwekutanga, zvakagadzirirwa kutanga hutano hwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuitira kuti utange kukohwa kwemauto kutanga kwegore ra1934. Kusunungurwa kwakanga kwakarongwa kurongwa muIzhevsk, uko Simonov akaenda oga kuti abatsire kuronga nzira yekugadzira. MunaMarch 1934, Komiti yeZviriro yeU.SR yakagadzirisa sarudzo pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwemakona ekugadzirwa kweAABC-36 mugore rinotevera.

Maererano nemigumisiro yekuedza ye 1935-1936, mufananidzo weSimonov wakaratidza kuti wakanakisisa kupfuura muenzaniso weTokarev. Uye izvi zvisinei nekuti dzimwe samples dze ABC panguva dzekuedzwa zvakabuda muhurongwa. Maererano nechokupedzisira kwehutungamiri wehurumende, chikonzero chekuparadzanisa kwakange kuri kukanganisa kwekugadzira, uye kwete zvikanganiso zvemuumbi. Izvi zvakasimbiswa nemaitiro ekutanga epfuti, ayo aikwanisa kumira pasina kuputika kusvika kusvika zviuru makumi maviri nezviviri.

Adoption

Muna 1936, mhirizhonga yeSimonov yakagamuchirwa neU.SR. Icho chaiva chombo chokutanga chokutengesa chaRobert Army nokuda kwebhokisi cartri ye 7.62 caliber. Zvombo izvo zvakapinda mubasa zvakasiyana nemuenzaniso wehutano hwakawanda hwezvisarudzo.

Muna 1938, ABC-36 yakatanga kuratidzwa kuvanhu panzvimbo yeMay Day. Yakanga yakashongedzwa nemiseve yekutanga yeMoscow Proletarian Division. Musi waFebruary 26 wegore rimwe A.I. Bykhovsky, mutungamiriri wezvitsva zveIzhevsk, akati ABC (Simonov pfuti yakazvimirira) yakange yakanyatsogadziriswa uye yakatangwa mukugadzirwa kwemazhinji.

Gare gare, apo Stalin anorayira kugadzirwa kwepfuti yokuzvimisira pasina kukwanisa kuuraya mumhepo inotenderera, ABC-36 ichatsiviwa neSVT-38. Chikonzero chechisarudzo ichi uye kuramba kwekutsvaga kwekutsvaga kwakange kuri kuponesa kwema cartridges.

Apo ABC-36 yakagamuchirwa, izwi rekusunungurwa kwayo rakawedzera. Saka, muna 1934, makopi 106 akauya kubva pakusangana, muna 1935 - 286, muna 1937 - 10280, uye muna 1938 - 23401. Kubudirira kwakaenderera kusvikira 1940. Panguva ino, anenge mabhiriyoni 67 000 akaputirwa.

Kuvaka

Nheyo yekupfutira pfuti yakatorwa inobva pakubviswa kwegasi gasi. Mutevedzeri unogona kupisa zvose zvinyorwa zvidhori uye muzvinyorwa zvese. Kuchinja maitiro ekupfura kunogadzirwa nenzira yevhisi inokosha iri kuruboshwe rwemupiki. Single mode ndiyo inokosha. Shoot Queues yaifungidzirwa mune imwe yenhamba isina kukwana yemashandisi emashandisi ekushandisa. Kana iri moto unopfuurira, waibvumirwa chete kumasoja mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, apo pakanga paine kurwiswa kamwe kamwe kwemuvengi kubva kure zvishoma pasi pemamita 150. Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unogona kupedza zvinyorwa zvinopfuura 4, kuitira kuti urege kupisa uye kupfeka kwezvinhu zvinokosha zvepfuti.

Inzvimbo yegesi, iyo pisitoni ine tsanga shomanana, iri pamusoro pembira. Icho chivharo (wedge), gomba rekuvhara, rinofamba mumugwagwa weaigamuchira. Dombo rekushandura mutsara rinoparadzaniswa kubva kumativi anenge 5 °, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuvhara muvharidzi wega. Apo bhokisi racho rinomuka, rinopinda mumugwagwa weiyo uye inovhara iyo. Kuzarura kunowanikwa panguva iyo clutch, iyo inobatana nefini piston, inomesa chikamu pasi. Nokuda kwekuti chivharo chekuvhara chakanga chiri pakati pemagazini uye breech block, iyo cartridges dzakapiwa muimba yekamuri pamwe nekufamba kwenguva refu, izvo zvaiwanzoita kuti kunonoke. Mukuwedzera, nekuda kwechiitiko ichi, mutambi wacho aifadza murefu uye akaoma mukugadzirwa.

Simonov pfuti yake yakazvimirira zvakare yaiva nevhavha yakaoma, mukati mayo yakanga iripo: mudhaimeri ane tsime, zvimwe zvikamu zvekugadzirisa magetsi uye chipikisi chinorwisa-bounce. Zviratidzo zvepfuti, zvakagadzirwa zvisati zvaitika muna 1936, zvakanga zvakasiyana mukugadzirwa kwechigadziro chekugadzirisa, chidimbu uye mhete yemhepo yekurwa.

Shooting modes

Maererano nemirayiridzo, kushandiswa kwekutema mitemo kwakadzivirirwa nekiyi inokosha, kupinda kune iyo chete kubva mutungamiri wemauto. Muzviitiko zvakakosha, akabvumira mauto kuti adzokere pfuti dzavo kuti vaite maitiro. Pasinei nemasoja anoteerera kumirayiridzo ndewokukakavara. Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti munyaya yepfuti yaFororov, chete murwi akapfuura kuongororwa kwakafanana angagamuchira mushanduri wemoto. Uye panguva yeHondo yeVietnam, vakuru veUnited States vakabvisa nzira yekududzirwa kubva mumapurisa emasoja M14, kuitira kuti vasapinda mukana wekuputira kuputika, iyo, sezvakaitwa munyaya yeAABC-36, inenge isingabatsiri mune mufambiro wemoto kubva pamaoko. Kudhonza mumutambo wekutsvaga kwakakurudzirwa munzvimbo yakatarisa, kubva kumigumo, pamwe chete inoshandiswa seyokupfura nemushonga weDP. Kutamba nemabhoti asina kumira, kubva kumire kana kugara panzvimbo, mutambi wacho akabata pfuti kubva pasi nechepamusoro pechitoro neruoko rwake rworuboshwe.

Mutengo wemoto

Shanduro yepamhizha yebhafle yekutengesa Simonov yakanga inenge mazana 800 kumativi paminiti. Zvisinei, mukuita, chiratidzo ichi chakanga chakadzika kwazvo. Bhodhiko yakadzidziswa nezvivigiro zvakagara zvakagadzirwa zvakabudiswa kusvika kumativi makumi maviri nemashanu paminiti nemoto mumwe chete, kusvika kusvika makumi mashanu, uye kusvika kusvika makumi masere-makumi mana - neine moto unopfuurira. Kuonekwa kwemavara akazaruka kwaive kwakabatanidzwa kubva kune zana kubva pa100 kusvika ku1500 m, nechitemho chemamita 100.

Kurwisana

Mipfuti yakadzingwa kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvakagadzika zvitsvuku, zvine 15 cartridges. Chimiro chechitoro chacho chakanga chakavapo nekuvapo kwemuromo unoputika pa cartridge yakashandiswa. Kugadzirisa mabhizinesi zvaive zvichibvira zvose zvakasiyana nechigoni, uye pamusoro pacho, kubva pazvidimbu zvese. Zviratidzo zvepfuti, zvakagadzirwa vasati vasvika 1936, zvinogonawo kugadzirirwa zvivako zve 10 uye 20 cartridges.

Bayonet-knife

Nharo yeSimonov pfuti yakazvimirira yakapiwa nehombodo yakakura yakagadzirwa uye gomo re bayonet. Pamashanduro epakutanga, bayonet inogona kusanganiswa kwete nechemberi chete, asiwo nechepamusoro, pasi nechokumusoro. Mune chimiro ichi chakanga chave chinoshandiswa kushandiswa se-aersatz imwe-yakakosha yekupfura panzvimbo yakatarisa. Zvisinei, kutsanangurwa kwepfuti, yakabudiswa muna 1937, kunorambidza kushandiswa kwakadaro kwebhanoni yepa bayonet, kunotsanangura panzvimbo yekutema muzvinyorwa zvisiri izvo zvisiri izvo nekusimbiswa pamusara kana turf. Pfungwa iyi, kujekeswa uku kwakanga kusingabatsiri, tichifunga kuti kubva muna 1936 mfuti yarega kugadziriswa ne bayonet-bipod. Sezviri pachena, pfungwa yekuvandudza kushanda kwechinhu chakadai chakadai se bayonet, chinokwezva munyanzvi, hachina kuzviruramisa pakuita. Munguva yekutengesa bhaonet yakatakurwa mumucheka, yakagadzirirwa pabhanhire romurwi, panzvimbo imwe chete yaaigara kunyange panguva yekupfura.

Technical specifications

Iyo pfuti yakangoerekana yaSimonov yaiva nemiganhu yakadaro:

1. Kurema kwekutora bhaonet ine ganda, maziso optical uye magazini yakazadzwa ne cartridges - inenge 6 kg.
2. Kuremera kwepfuti pasina bayonet, kuona nekuchengetera ibhuku 4050 kg.
3. Kuremera kwechitoro chakadarika 0,675 kg.
4. Iyo isina chinhu yemagazini inorema ndeye 0,350 kg.
5. Chiremera chesaonet mumakumbo chikamu chikamu 0.55.
6. Chiremera chekuona pamwe nebhaketi iine 0,725 kg.
7. Chiremera chebhakoni i 0.145 kg.
8. Nhamba yezvikamu zvinokambaidza (stem, bhitani uye platoon kuwirirana) iri 0.5 kg.
9. Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza mabhidhiyo ine 15 cartridges.
10. Nhamba yacho ndiyo 7.62 mm.
11. Kureba neBayonet - 1,520 m.
12. Kureba pasina bhaonet - 1,260 m.
13. Kureba kwechifukidziro chikamu chetatu ndicho 0.557 m.
14. Nhamba yepfuti - 4.
15. Kureba kwepamberi kumeso ndeye 29.8 mm.
16. Kureba kwechivharo chevhavha ndeye 130 mm.
17. Range rwekupfura (kuona) - 1500 m.
18. Rutivi rwebhuruti (rusarura) runo 3000 m.
19. Nhanho yebhuruti (kutanga) ndeye 840 m / s.
20. Mutengo wemoto (technikisi) inotenderera mazana 800 paminiti.

Successor

Musi waMay 22, 1938, mumwe mukwikwi wakatanga kuziviswa kwekugadzirwa kwebhandi itsva yekuzvidzivirira, zvichibva pakubviswa kwepasipi gasi. Mumakwikwi ekukwikwidza, kutora kubva pakupedzisira kwezhizha kusvika pakuvamba kwekutanga kwegore rimwechete, masangano eSimonov, Tokarev, Rukavishnikov nevamwe vashandi vashoma vakapinda. Pakupera kwaNovember, kuedzwa kwekupedzisira kwakaitika, maererano nezvayo muna February 1939 pfuti yeToftv, iyo yainzi SVT-38, yakagamuchirwa muU.SR. Pakupera kweizvi, musi waJanuary 19, Simonov akazivisa kubviswa kwekukanganisa kwepfuti rake mukutarisira kuti aizopiwa rimwe mukana. Pakupera kwegore regore iroro, basa rakasarudzwa rakagadzwa kuti riongorore hurongwa hweTokarev uye Simonov kubva pakuona kwekugadzira uye hupfumi hunoita.

Maererano nechokupedzisira kwekutumirwa, SVT yakaonekwa seyo nyore uye isingadhuri yekugadzira. Kunyange zvakadaro, Komiti Yedziviriro yeU.SR, iyo iri kuedza kururamisa kwehondo nokukurumidza, haina kusiya pfungwa yekugadzirwa kwemazhinji kwepfuti yeTokarev. Nokudaro, pfuti yaSimonov pakarepo yakazadza nhoroondo yaro, kuongorora kwechiuto kwakava nyaya yekutaura kwedu.

Kugadzirwa kweTokarev yakagadzwa mumwedzi isingapfuuri mitanhatu, uye kubva munaOctober 1, 1939, zvakakosha zvakatanga. Chinhu chokutanga chakanga chakabatanidzwa muchero weTula, iyo munyaya iyi yakamira kugadzirwa kwepfuti yeMosin. Muna 1940, mufananidzo wacho wakatanga kubudiswa kuIzhevsk Arms Factory, iyo yakambobudiswa naAbc-36.

Mhinduro yekushanda

I-ABC-36 (Simonov pfuti yemhando ye1936 model) yakazara yakaratidza kuti haina kukwana kuvimbika kushandiswa kwemauto mumauto. Kugadzirwa kwakaoma uye nhamba huru yezvikamu zvakakomberedzwa zvakaita kuti michero yayo inodhura zvikuru maererano nenguva uye zvigadzirwa. Mukuwedzera, kusunungurwa kwaro kunenge pazvikamu zvose zvinoda vashandi vakanyatsokwanisa.

Kugadzirwa kwepfuti kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuzviunganidza pasina kuvhara bhokisi. Uyezve, mumwe anogona kunyange moto kubva kune zvombo zvakadaro. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, muteveri akaparadzwa, uye boka reboti rakabhururuka, rakananga mumuseve. Icho chekutanga chekuvhara wedge zvakare hachina kuzviruramisa pachako. Mukuwedzera, kazhinji kacho kwakaunza kuponesa kwekutyisidzika-kugadzirisa magetsi.

Panguva imwecheteyo, pfuti yeSimonov pfuti, iyo yatakanyatsoongorora, yakarangarirwa seyokutanga yezvombo zvaro zvemhando, yakagamuchirwa nekuda kwezvombo zvehondo uye yakaedzwa mumamiriro ekurwisana. Yakazovawo muenzaniso wekutanga wezvombo muUSSR, yakagadzirwa nevanjiniya vepamba, yakagadzirirwa uye yakaiswa mukugadzirwa kwemahombekombe. Kwemazuva ayo, ABC-36 yakanga iri pfuti yakakwirira.

Zvinonakidza kuziva kuti muuto reFinland mafuti aSimonov akasarudza Torav ffu SVT, iyo yaifunga kuti yakavimbika.

Sniper version

Muna 1936, nhamba shoma yeBABC sniper pfuti yakadzingwa. Sezvo makorodhi emakorikari akadzingwa zvakare uye pasi, varimi vakasarudza kugadzirisa bhandi rekuona kwemaziso kune rumwe rutivi rworuboshwe rwebhiri. I-optics yakanga ine mambure inogadzirisa ane mairi maviri akareba uye tsvimbo imwe yakananga. Izvo zvakadzama zvekubuda kwechikoro yaiva 7.6 mm, yakasimuka kubva kune yakanyanyisa eyepiece lens ne 85 mm. Izvo zvakawedzera kuwanda kwezvifananidzo kanomwe. Mune imwe nzvimbo, iyo sniper version yakanga isiri yakasiyana neyakawanda yaSimonov pfuti yomufaro, iyo mifananidzo yaidikanwa nevanhu vazhinji vepfuti.