Sezviverengo muEgipita. History, description, zvakanakira nekuipira, mienzaniso yekare Egyptian nhamba hurongwa

vanhu havafungi kuti unyanzvi uye Masvomhu kuti tinoshandisa kuverenga nyore kana kunzwisisa nhamba, akaumba pamusoro emakore akawanda, uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika. Advanced pamasvomhu unyanzvi kuti ndisaine, kunyange mwana wechikoro rokutanga, zvakanga zvamboshandiswa prohibitive nokuda akaisvochenjera vanhu. An mupiro kukuru kuti kukura indasitiri kwakaita muEgipita nhamba hurongwa, zvimwe zvinhu izvo tichiri kushandisa kwavo yepakutanga chimiro.

mupfupi tsananguro

Vezvenhau muzive zvirokwazvo kuti chero ekare kumhuka vainyanya kunyora uye kusanganiswa tsika dzaiva nguva dzose panzvimbo yechipiri. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kare zvemakore masvomhu mashoko okuti zhinji uye dzimwe nguva nyanzvi ano scratching misoro yavo Puzzles izvi. Kwakanga kusina Kusara uye muEgipita sezviverengo, izvo, sezvinei, aivawo nonpositional. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo imwe chete nhamba iri rekodhi nhamba haachinji yaipedzerwa. Somuenzaniso, funga mumwe kukosha 15, sezvamakaropafadzwa 1 - wokutanga nzvimbo, uye 5 - yechipiri. Kana isu kushandura nhamba idzi, kuti vawane nhamba yakakura. Asi kuchinja kwakadaro Egyptian nhamba gadziriro yekare havabvumirwi. Kunyange makuru nhamba yenhengo dzayo dzose dzakanga dzakanyorwa chero kuti.

Just cherechedza kuti ano vagari ichi inopisa nyika ichafarira zvakafanana sezviverengo Arabic, sezvo tiri kunyora navo zvichinyatso enderana zvakarurama nzira uye kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi.

Chii vaiva zviratidzo?

Kunyora nhamba vaIjipiti vaishandisa hieroglyphs, uye panguva imwecheteyo pakanga mazhinji kudaro. Rinogadzirwa makaseti navo uri zvakananga mutemo, zvaigoneka kuti nhamba hukuru zvose, zvisinei, izvi zvaizoda vakawanda nenhokwe. Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa ariko muEgipita hieroglyphic nhamba hurongwa yaiva nhamba 1, 10, 100, 1000 uye 10000. Gare gare, vaiva chinokosha anoverengeka vari multiples pamusoro 10. Kana munhu aiva kunyora rimwe pamusoro zviratidzo, shandisa vatambi dzakadaro:

Kunyora nhamba kuti haisi vakawanda gumi, akashandisa unyanzvi ichi ingenuous:

achiongorora zvaive nhamba

Somugumisiro muenzaniso kumusoro, tinoona kuti pakutanga hatina akasarudzwa mazana matanhatu, zvichiteverwa emakore maviri uye pakupera yacho muzvikamu zviviri. Saizvozvowo, mumwe nhamba chakanyorwa, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa zvuru uye ezviuru. Zvisinei, muenzaniso uyu zvakanyorwa kuruboshwe, kuti muverengi ano vanogona nzisisa nayo, asi kuti chaizvoizvo sezviverengo veIjipiti hakusi chakarurama. The chete ukoshi anogona kunyorwa kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe, kunzwisisa kupi kutanga, uye apo mugumo, zvakanga zvakakodzera, inobva mufananidzo pamwe chemhando ukoshi. A yakafanana chiero kunodiwa uye kana nhamba vakawanda randomly akanyorwa (sezvo hurongwa nepozitsionnyh).

Zviduku Zveropa zvinhu zvinokoshawo

VaEgipita mberi dzimwe dzakawanda tenzi masvomhu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pane imwe nguva chete nenhamba zvakanga zvisina kukwana, uye zvikamu zviduku Zvishoma nezvishoma hwakatangwa. Sezvo yekare Egyptian hieroglyphic nhamba gadziriro ichaongororwa kunyora numerators uye denominators vaishandisa sezviratidzo. Nokuti ½ aiva chiratidzo chinokosha uye kugara, uye zvimwe variables zvose dzakaumbwa Saizvozvowo kwave kushandiswa vazhinji. The numerator anogara yakabudisa tsika kutevedzera chimiro yevanhu ziso, uye dhinomineta nhamba chava zvinoratidzwa.

kwemasvomhu akavhiyiwa

Kana pane nhamba, ivo wedzera uye bvisa, muwande uye chakaparadzanisa. sezviverengo Egyptian kukurira basa iri zvakakwana zvakanaka, kunyange ane pachake chaizvo ayo. Nyore nzira yakaitwa Kumbofungatira uye kubvisa. Kuti aite izvi, nhamba mbiri dzakanga akanyorwa dzinoverengeka vatambi, shanduko pakati pavo rwunoverengerwa discharges. Zvakanyanya kuoma kunzwisisa sei dziwande kubva zvichiitika zvishoma yakafanana ano. Vaiva mbiru mbiri, mumwe wavo rinotanga mumwe uye imwe - kubva chinhu chechipiri. Akabva atanga nekaviri neimwe nhamba ava Pakunyora mugumisiro hutsva yapfuura mumwe. Kana vakaparadzana mbiru nhamba yokutanga akakwanisa kuunganidza asipo chinhu akapfupikisa. More chaizvo kunzwisisa iyi kunogona, achitarisa patafura. Muchiitiko ichi 7 kane 22:

Mugumisiro rokutanga mbiru 8 atova kukasapfuura 7, saka doubling miromo pa 4. 1 + 2 + 4 = 7, uye 22 + 44 + 88 = 154. mhinduro uku kwakarurama, asi akagamuchira saka kujairika kwatiri.

Kubvisa uye kupesana anoteererwa mune neizvi murayiro Kuwedzera uye chokuwanziridza.

Sei yakabuda sezviverengo muEgipita?

Nhoroondo panowanikwa vatambi, chero nhamba, sezvo kujeka zvakafanana yose Egyptian budiriro. kuberekwa Its yakatangira yechipiri yezana remakore rechitatu BC. Zvakaita kuti vatende kuti zvakarurama mumazuva iwayo aiva zvakakodzera nechiyero. Egypt akanga atotendeukira dzakazara mamiriro, uye akava zvikuru simba uye vakwanise ose gore. Kunze kuvakwa temberi, vakanga vakanyorwa huru nedare miviri, uye kuti chokubatanidza zvose izvi, vakuru vakasarudza kusuma hurongwa nhoroondo iyi. It kwakatora nguva refu - kusvikira muzana remakore rechigumi AD, pashure pacho akatsiviwa ieratika.

Egyptian sezviverengo: uye zvaasingagoni

The chikuru budiriro vaEgipita yekare masvomhu - iri nyore uye zvakarurama. Kutarira hunhu, nguva dzose kukwanisa kuziva kuti makumi ezviuru, mazana kana kuti zviuru zvakawanda zvakanyorwa pamapepa enhokwe. The mukana hurongwa zvakare vaiona kuwedzera uye muwande nhamba. Chete pakutanga kuaona zvinoita dzinovhiringidza, asi chichipinda zvinoreva, unotanga nokukurumidza uye nyore nyore kugadzirisa Puzzles akadaro. Zvakaipira yave kuzivikanwa yakawanda kuvhiringika. Numbers anogona kunyorwa kwete chete chero divi, asi randomly, saka aida nguva yakawanda ari inopangidza kwavo. Uye yokupedzisira kubvisa, zvichida, ndiye mutsetse kusimba refu vatambi, nokuti nguva dzose vaitofanira kutevedzera.