Sechivako zai shiri: zano, kunyanya

Kazhinji Oocytes (mazai) ndiko embryo chimiro mhuka kana zai. Dzidza zveefa dzavo oology - chikamu chinokosha zvemhuka.

Vhuṱanzi

hukuru hwavo vanogona kuva akasiyana. Somuenzaniso, muna negonzo oocyte kukura munenge 0,06 neMM, asi dhayamita embryonic chimiro African Mhou anogona kusvika 15-18 masendimita. Chimiro kunogonawo zvakasiyana. Asi kazhinji mazai vari idenderedzwa kana denderedzwa iri chimiro. Zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu, vanogona kuva oblong, elongated, zvakadai namahesera hove, hagfish kana nezvipembenene. Zvichienderana nedhigirii nokuparadzirwa zvokudya mukati oocyte iri pakutsvaga kukura uye zvimwe zvinhu. Kuwanda mondo (the fuma) kana vakatakura semurwi yakasimba, kana mune pellet fomu. Zvichienderana ichi, nyanzvi kugoverana oocytes panguva mhando dzakasiyana. Muitiro wekusangana rinoitwa munyika yokumusoro chikamu oviduct. Nokufamba nomunyika gwara kunoitika oocyte Kupwanywa. Izvi zvakabuda nokuda kukwana discoid mhando. Nokuti kuti kupwanya kuitika atova pakutanga oviduct iri shiri zai ichinonoka angagara rimwe kupwanya mumatanho (zvakadai senjiva) enda gastrulation (somunhu huku).

Reshiri zai

Vakadzi zvipenyu zvose minhenga fauna of avete oocytes. mhando dzakasiyana mazai maumbirwo siyana. Izvi imhaka yokuti nzvimbo unenge achiisa. Somuenzaniso, kana ari slots zvakarongwa matsime kana makomba, mazai dzose. In shiri, ane masonry riri pamusoro paneshongwe payakangopfuura, ivo oocytes vachava oblong. Kazhinji, yakakura shiri, zvikuru ukuru mazai. Asi mutemo uyu pane kusaina. Somuenzaniso, mazana marudzi vana chaivo uko dzakashandisa pakarepo kuzvidzora kudyisa, mazai akakura (hama kune hadzi muviri) pane vaya vakaberekwa kako nerinooneka kuzvibatsira. Nhamba mukanyiwa yacho oocyte kuti uremu muviri ari maduku zvipenyu kazhinji zvikuru kupfuura makuru kwemarudzi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zai mukuru anoronga African hunyoro. Hama kuti muviri kurema watch mumiririri oocyte zviri 1% kurema muviri. Asi kurema ane hummingbird zai iri 6% kubva kurema shiri.

Vamwe STRUCTURAL zviri mazai yehuku

In shiri kurarama dzemakomo, ivo oocytes vari "mbabvu" sezvinoita stiffeners. Ndivo zvakakodzera kuchengetedza kuvimbika zai, saka havana kuputswa apo shiri kunyika iri dendere, ine nzvimbo diki. Inofanira Mezhuyev Sezvineiwo, zvinonzi akacherechedza kuti unopinza ichi anokwanisa kukurira rimwe kumanikidzwa anenge 40 makirogiramu / ba. masendimita, uye kurutivi apo zviri vasipo - kwete kupfuura 2 makirogiramu / ba. cm. The pemvura zai riri mafungu kana kumeso, kupenyerera kana Mat. Ruvara anogona kuva chero zvizivikanwe, kubva yakaisvonaka ruchena rima girini nomutsvuku. Pechiso mazai mamwe marudzi wakafukidzwa speckles, mune zvimwe zviitiko dzichiumbwa kumativi kungopotsera mucheto beater. Ruvara achaenderana mufananidzo uye nesting nzvimbo. Saka, vakawanda muchivande zai-kuisa shiri uye mudzimba shiri goko iri chena. Panguva vaya mashizha nokuiswa pasi, ruvara anova ezvinhu akafanana kwezvakatipoteredza: merges nematombo kana chirimwa jira kuti mitsetse yacho dendere. Color zai anowana mumwe mukadzi ari kusununguka Canal. Somuenzaniso, biliverdin (ruvara) pachiimbwa zingi anopa yebhuruu kana nyoro Ruvara zai pamusoro. Nokuda protoporphyrin kwaanoda tsvuku kana shava ruvara, kana ruvara mumvuri. Next, ngatimboonai muudzame dzomunyika maumbirwo zai shiri.

The umhare ari oocyte

Sechivako yehuku zai rinoenderana kuenda. Rine zvose zvakafanira kuti paumbwe uye kusimudzira muduku muviri. In zai mudumbu anodya yeimwe zvinowanikwa mondo. uremu ichi rinomiririrwa mu mhando mbiri - chena uye tsvuku. Ivo akarongwa concentric akaturikidzana rakatumbuka. The mondo iri vitellinovoy membrane. It akapoteredzwa puroteni. Mukutanga zvokukura kukura yehuku goko mazai kuzadzikisa muviri ushande. Protein, mukuwedzera, inodzivirirawo muviri mutsva kubva neVadzidzi goko. The chaizvo zviri oocyte akapoteredzwa zviviri akaturikidzana podskorlupovymi: kwokunze uye dzakawanda. Tichitarisa maumbirwo zai shiri, zvinokosha kutaura mashoko mashomanana pamusoro kupfuura deko. Inoitwa zvikurukuru calcium carbonate. Pazuva gomara pamucheto oocyte pashure nokuiswa dzedenga kamuri aumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma.

mondo

Tichitarisa maumbirwo shiri zai, ane zano iri pasi apa, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti deytoplazma (mondo) chinhu chinokosha chezvinonhuwira dzomunyika zviri oocyte. The mondo gobvu rine zvose zvakafanira zvinhu zvinopa simba uye zvinoitika pakukura nhengo. Deytoplazma padzakacherechedza ari zai kwete chete shiri, asiwo nedzimwe mhuka (uye vanhu), uye ari muunganidzwa zvinyorwa kana zviyo, mune zvimwe zviitiko, kubatanidzwa nomumwe rive guru hwakasimba. Huwandu mondo, uyewo kuparadzirwa kwayo angava akasiyana. Kana shoma chezviyo deytoplazmy kana ndiro richiparadzirwa noruvara ari cytoplasm. Muchiitiko ichi tinotaura pamusoro "izoletsitalnyh" mazai. With vakawanda mondo zvinoriumba kana kuunganidza nechepakati munzvimbo cytoplasm - kana kumativi musimboti mune vegetative chikamu oocyte. Muchiitiko chokutanga tinotaura tsentroletsitalnyh, apo rechipiri - telolecithal mazai. Maererano vhoriyamu uye ukuru kuparadzira mondo uremu unoiswa uye mhando unorema oocytes. Makemikari maumbirwo zai shiri rinopa matatu marudzi deytoplazmy. Mondo angava carbohydrate, mafuta kana mapuroteni. Asi kazhinji, ruzhinji vanhu mondo zvinoriumba dzinosanganisira, pamwechete pamusoro yeimwe, zvicherwa, pigments, ribonucleic acid, kuva saka kunzwisisa namakemikari mamiriro. Saka, somuenzaniso, kupera huku oocyte kukura iri huri mondo yokusava mafuta 23%, mapuroteni - 16%, 1,5% remafuta akawandisa, phospholipids - 11%, uye 3% chicherwa yeimwe. The kwetunhu uye kuunganidza chikamu mondo ndiyo chikamu dzakasiyana organelles: yacho mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi yakaoma. The kwetunhu mondo mapuroteni chinoumba chivako kwemhuka dzakawanda kunoitika kunze ovary. By pinocytosis mapuroteni chinoumba chinopinda mugomba kukura zai.

Other zvinhu oocyte mamiriro

membranes All kudzivirira kupararira, nokuomesa uye kuvadza zai. Asi havafaniri kupa anodiwa mwando kuti kukura muviri. Zvinonzi akaumba extraembryonic nhengo. Zvikurukuru, izvi zvinosanganisira mvura (kana Líquido) deko. Nokuda kwayo zvishoma Âmnio mhango, iyo yazara mura, apo, chokwadi, dzichiri muviri. Pamwe chete nemvura akaturikidzana mamwe maviri vari akaumba: yacho vascular uye serosal (kana allantois). In shiri zvinokambaira, rukoko urwu ndiyo nhengo yavaive uye kufema. Kubva zai kusvika kungopotsera uye unopinza micheto mazai ibvai chalaza - gobvu mapuroteni yakakoswa tambo. Anopa mudanga nzvimbo chinoumba kutadzisa misha kubva pakati nzvimbo.

deko

Kudzidza mamiriro mazai shiri yacho, zvinofanira nekutatamura pamusoro akaturikidzana yakapoteredza musimboti. Chinonyanya rokunze rukoko chinhu deko rakaoma. Zviri zvikuru gobvu uye anoita basa rokudzivirira pamusoro zvokuimba kukuvadza uye inokanganisa ari kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Under ndiripo podskorlupovye deko casing. Panguva gomara kuguma Ivo diverge uye iumbe mhepo yomukati. Rine okisijeni, iyo inodiwa kuti kufema muviri mutsva.

trophic oocytes

Pane mhando mazai, izvo kuitwa mune batch mangé pakubika mashandiro kuzvibereko. Kazhinji, ivo neoplodotvoreny, uye chitarisiko yavo inenge hapana chakasiyana dzose. vanhukadzi vavo kuisa mamwe masvosve uye mujuru dumbu kusvikira nguva yakadai nyuchi anotanga kubudisa zvokudya zvakakwana. Unfertilized oocytes nyama uye zai huku uye zai dzinoita mune zvimwe zviitiko chikanganiso vachinzi trophic, nokuti anoshandiswa kudya kwete shiri, uye vanhu uye dzimwe nguva dzinovaraidza.