Scientific uye kwesayenzi mberi. Kurudziro uye mari

Scientific uye kwesayenzi mberi (NTP) kunozivikanwa sendarama chinokosha munyika upfumi munyika. In mabhuku (zvose mumhuri uye vokumadokero) riri kupfuura inowanzonzi chokuita rokuti "utsanzi muitiro".

Scientific uye kwesayenzi mberi remakore rechi20 yakanga chinokosha kwakabatsira evanhu pakukura kwevanhu munyika dzakawanda. Pakati pezana remakore - munguva kukura kwezvakatipoteredza - yawana mukurumbira mukuru zvakanaka pfungwa, yakaumbwa pamusoro pemisimboti ndaisagona kunyatsoshanda.

Sezvataona ne Dzheyms Brayt (American Economist), zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu mberi - ndiwo chete muitiro kuti anogona chokubatanidza ano, sainzi, utariri, Entrepreneurship, zvoupfumi. Musimboti muitiro - kuwana uye kukura utsanzi. Scientific uye kwesayenzi mberi - the Chiitiko pamusoro multi-pachikuva, kutanga nokuberekwa utsanzi uye kuchiguma kwayo yezvokutengeserana Implementation. Saka, izvi kunosanganisira yakatarwa ukama, kusanganisira kuparadzwa, chinjanai uye kugadzirwa.

Anokurudzira kukura uye utsanzi riri kuonekwa kupfuura simba utariri mudziyo chokuita sei zvido wekuongorora. Somugumisiro, havana (vechikamu) mhanyisa zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu mberi kwete chete pane Zvinorayirwa kumusoro, asi maererano yavo zvaaitenda.

Kukuchidzira inosimudzira paumbwe zvazvakanakira apo musangano evanhu uye zvoupfumi zvido emakambani, vadzidze, kukudziridza itsva mukuru-waivako michina.

Kana kuwedzera muitiro zvikuru kukosha wanamatira paumbwe imwe makemikari ezvinhu bonuses semubairo maindasitiri, zvesayenzi uye michina mabasa. Kumutsa utsanzi kwacho kunosanganisira kwete chete tsika uye zvinhu incentives. Panguva iyo pane hurongwa Zvirango, zvinoreva rutapudzo kuti muripo mari uye munzanga kukura akaitwa, kubudisa imwe va neudhadha uye chikare zvigadzirwa.

Sangano iri kumhanyisa pamusoro utsanzi kwacho hunonyatsobatana kwete kukura zvemichina nesayenzi, asiwo kuchinja mafungiro ari socio-upfumi zvekutepfenyura.

NTP dzishande kunosanganisira kushandisa management zvinoitwa nokuda Environmental Management. In pamberi hwakagadzwa dzemunharaunda kuti abhadhare kushandisa zviri zvebhizimisi zvinhu zvinoodza zvikuru kutsigira uye Integrated Management kuti chikumbiro chavo. Muchiitiko chino, zviri nani kushandisa chinokosha chinogona kuponesa ruzivo, mokusvinwa kubva neimwe tani mari kunonyanyisa purofiti. Mukuwedzera, makasimbiswa uye rinorondedzerwa mirayiro pamusoro abhadhare choutsi ari kugadzirwa kwacho. Panyaya iyi, mabhizimisi vanowanzotevedzera kushandisa michina izvo zvinoderedza kusvibiswa. Kana runopfuura akabuda nemitemo zvebhizimisi anofanira kubhadhara wakawedzera kubhadhara.

Pasina mubvunzo, zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu mberi hazvibviri pasina mari. Saka kuumbwa uye vakashandisa mari chaiyo, zvikaita kuti kukurudzira kwesayenzi uye michina mberi. Maererano yayo ezvoupfumi hunhu, ivo (mari) vari pachena mari inoshandiswa. Vari dzimwe nzira nzira redundancy, uye vakaswedera uchatamisa Mari Mari rakapera chigadzirwa. Basa reDare mari zvemari iri kubereka kwacho, pedyo basa depreciation. Chikumbiro chavo rinobvumira kudzikamisa kupedza dzidzo, kukura utsanzi, uyewo inishuwarenzi ngozi dzingavapo.

Chokwadi, kubudirira zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu mberi kunoenderana nzvimbo inogarwa sayenzi munzanga.

Sezvo nyika zvoupfumi ruzivo, yezwi pamusika gadziriro anogona kubudirira maererano kukuru shanduko mune zvoupfumi bhora uye pamwero mukuru kuchinja inokosha zvoupfumi marongerwo.