School mifananidzo chii aperture uye shutter nokukurumidza?

Kuti tiwane here yepamusoro uye akanaka kubva mifananidzo nemaonero, mapikicha, zvakakwana kuti inodhura. SLR kamera. Bvunza chero aifarira mifananidzo, uye iye akasimbisa kuti kudzidza zvose nezvehukorokodzwa yokubata zvigadzirwa aida mwedzi kupfuura mumwe. Kufukidza mune imwe nyaya dzose nuances kwokushandisa kamera hakusi musoro. Nokuti kutanga kuchavawo kwakakwana kubata maviri okuti - aperture uye shutter nokukurumidza.

Chii diaphragm? Kuishandisa?

Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki rokuti "diaphragma" anomirira "partition". Unofanira kunge akanzwa - lenses dzakasiyana vangava zvakasiyana aperture. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pachishandiswa iye havana kupfuura uwandu chiedza zvakasiyana. Kutaura zvazviri, diaphragm - zano kuti anoita dhayamita pamusoro aperture kuburikidza iyo chiedza chinopinda chizvaro (a chiedza-inonyatsoziva kamera eremendi). Inonzi nhamba aperture dhayamita pamusoro izvo aperture kuti ainyanya kukoshesa kure. Kuratidza aperture ukoshi kushandiswa Latin tsamba F.

By kuchinja kukosha F pane imwe nzvimbo, tine 2-mudanga kuchinja chitsama chiedza chichipinda chizvaro uye kushandura kukosha indekisi pa 1,4. Standard F tsika dziri pakati 1.0 uye 32.

Lenses huru aperture inogona kushandiswa pakutora mifananidzo pokuenda zvinhu, vanhu nemhuka, uye zvakawanda - kusika yakanaka uye zvinoshamisa mifananidzo nomwenje yakavhenekerwa makamuri uye rima nguva. The siyana yemashoko makamera aperture saizi iri chinjika kuburikidza mudziyo Muterere, kana achishandisa mezvindori zvaiva kamera muviri uye izvo.

Kuwedzera kune zvose zviri pamusoro zvakarurama configured aperture uye shutter nokukurumidza kuti zvibvire kuti vawane zvinodiwa kudzama munda (DOF). Kutaba inoratidza sei zvakajeka sokunge kunharaunda pfungwa chinhu. Kana ukoshi f / 1,8 nzvimbo kumativi zvichava zvikuru Blurred pane Somuenzaniso, panguva f / 22.

Open aperture navaduku inobereka mienzaniso makro mifananidzo. Uyewo, pamwe guru aperture yokutanga anova yakatetepa, uye unokubvumira kuwana mufananidzo zvakajeka zvakanaka pamusoro ndege zvose, kusanganisira necheseri. Saka clamped diaphragm pachii kupfura cree mapikicha.

Chii shutter nokukurumidza uye kuti zvakanaka kugadzira?

Aperture uye shutter nokukurumidza vanoumba anonzi ekspoparu, sezvo akafanirwa kwavari iri pakutsvaga mufananidzo chokupfeka. Roga, iro shutter kumhanya ndiko kureba kwenguva panguva iyo chiedza mwaranzi kupinda napakati aperture kunorondedzerwa chizvaro. Akaverenga kunonoka mumasekonzi uye zvikamu zviduku mumasekonzi - 1/30, 1/125, 2 "5 (2,5 seconds), 10" (10 seconds), etc.

Pane pfungwa dzakadai pfupi uye refu kutsungirira. Fast shutter havukavu ndiyo yakanaka panyaya kutamira nyaya. Panewo "kutonga yendarama" wekusarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri shutter nokukurumidza - zvinofanira kuva Proportional zvakananga kuti ainyanya kukoshesa kureba. Kana kure iri, uti, 80 neMM, hazvina zvakakodzera kugadza shutter nokukurumidza kupfuura 1/80 chechipiri. Kwenguva ekisiposha ruchaita chipingaidzo, uye mufananidzo kuremara nokuda kwebasa kamera pachayo.

Long vachiona mu mifananidzo kakawanda kushandiswa nharaunda (kusanganisira usiku). Zvisinei, kana yechipiri zviri nani kushandisa mutiraipodhi uye kutsanya izvo. To zvakare kuderedza vibration, unogona kushandisa kure kudzora pachinzvimbo zvavaisiita mabhatani pamusoro kamera muviri.

Aperture uye shutter nokukurumidza - hwaro upi sezvamunoita. Rearranging zvakanaka, kunyange ane nyore kamera, unogona kuita ounyanzvi chaidzo.