Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod, Veliky Novgorod: mifananidzo uye zvinoitwa mapurani

Pakati Monuments of Ancient Russia chatinokoshesa temberi yakanga yakavakwa Novgorod ari XII remakore uye inozivikanwa se Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod. A nhoroondo pfupi kwayo zvisikwa zviri mune hwakawanda huripo manyoro hwakavigwa mumakamuri, uye mamwe mashoko waiva mugumisiro rinoitwa matongo basa naro. Ngationei vanogara ichi yakasiyana uchapupu kare.

Prince - wapamwoyo pamusoro Novgorod

Maererano hwakawanda huripo Zvivako vekare kunyora inozivikanwa se "wechipiri Novgorod Chronicle", muna 1113 mwanakomana Vladimira Monomaha, Prince Mstislav Vladimirovich, kurudyi kumahombekombe Volkhov yakatangwa ibwe Cathedral St. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.

In kupfuura, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muchinda Mstislav mabasa avo akanaka chichiwanikwa mune Novgorod rudo uye zvakasikwa kunamata. Kokutanga pamahombekombe ari Volkhov wakazviratidza 1088 ava nemakore gumi, akatumirwa sehofisi ushe sekuru vake, Grand Duke pakati Kiev Vsevolod. The mutongi muduku kusvika akawira nomutsa vagari, kuti makore manomwe gare gare, ivo pachavo akaritumidza, pashure izvo 1097 Novgorod pakupedzisira akasarudzwa kuti Mstislav Resolution Lyubech Congress machinda.

The chikuru Cathedral pamusoro Novgorod veche

A nzvimbo yokuvaka temberi haina akasarudzwa netsaona. Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva chete Chronicle, zana apfuura, sezvo muchinda Novgorod, Ndokumisapo ipapo Chamber of Yaroslav Mudry. Saka, iyi riri pakatarisana Novgorod Kremlin, ainzi Detinets, akapiwa chinzvimbo chinokosha, uye Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod - saka akasvika pakuzivikanwa pakati pavanhu, akanga avaka sechechi kwomuchinda. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mumwe zvivako mukuru wetemberi Novgorod, wechipiri zera chete Sophia Cathedral.

Vatsvene Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod aiva 1136, apo aidzinga ari Kiev Prince Vsevolod Mstislavovich, vagari akavamba Novgorod Republic. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kubva pakutanga kereke St. Nicholas XIII remakore akava rayo guru veche Church. Up kusvikira kuwa zvokuvhoterwa muna 1478, pedyo nomukova wayo aienda kune ruzha uye husina dzomumaguta Chamber.

Cathedral Square, razova chinhu nhandare enyika hondo

Kubva pakagadzwa muna Novgorod Republican chimiro hurumende Prince dzokugara nayo rikashamiswa kunze komuganhu guta uye yaiva Rurik ugari. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, kurasikirwa chinzvimbo of Grand Palace Church, Cathedral City, uye yakazaruka vakundi zvose.

Maererano sahwira, kubva 1228 Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod (Veliky Novgorod) zvapupu rakapinza kurwisana enyika pakati hurumende uye vanhuwo zvavo. Kuwedzera zvepamutemo kuungana, nhengo vakanga vakasarudzwa vamiririri siyana muupenyu, kubva pamasvingo Church vakanga vachienda anonzi anokurudzira kupandukira Chamber. Mazuva ano, Cathedral Square akazadzwa mazana vasingafari nezvaiitika zvisarudzo kutorwa ari mativi pamberi St. Sophia Cathedral, uko chaimbova gungano bhero.

Kusawirirana pakati siyana nzvimbo yeguta

Nhoroondo pamusoro Novgorod yekare panguva yayo democratic Hurumende kwakaitawo rakaramba uchapupu hondo kwete chete pakati hwevanhu mapoka akasiyana, akaparadzaniswa nevanhu munzanga, asi pakati siyana munzvimbo mashanu muguta, rinonzi "kumugumo". Vaongorori, chiitiko ichi wakanzi "mezhkonchanskoy hondo."

At kumadokero pasuwo Church dzichengeterwe vanonzi dhigirii veche - pachikuva kana pakagadzirwa nematanda, yakagadzirirwa zvikuru chinozikamwa uye vane vechikamu padare remakurukota, mira pamusoro iyo kwainzi kukudzwa kukuru. Munguva hondo pakati siyana nzvimbo guta (1218-1219), kana zvichigere kuumbwa mutaro yakajeka mamiriro nerimwe mativi, Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod uye yakanga yakabatana nzvimbo yakava muzinda musazonetsanazve chisimba kuti kwira kupinda rakazaruka dzimwe nguva kurwa.

Mutaviridziro kuchengetedza hwakavigwa mumakamuri

Tiine mumadhorobha mamiriro mutemberi, uye, kupfuura zvose, nzvimbo tsvene, kuti church, maererano isingachinji tsika kubva munguva dzekare, ndiwo mahombekombe panopinda vose vaitsvaka ruponeso kubva nezviremera uye vanhu hasha. Mienzaniso yakawanda yakadaro inogona kuwanikwa akanyorwa zvinyorwa nguva. Zvikurukuru, mumwe yaMakoronike yakataura kuti muna 1338 ne kwokupandukira vazhinji vomuguta vakanunurwa mariri akadzinga archimandrites Esif uye Lawrence. Vanodzingana refu nguva dzairinda navo pamukova Church, asi haana kuda kupinda kuti uye kwakaponesa vapoteri.

Nguva kuderera of Church

Muzana remakore rakatevera, apo Novgorod akarasika ayo rusununguko uye vakava rutivi Grand Duchy of Moscow, aimbova vechevoj Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod akanga asiri mune diocesan muhofisi, uye mumuzinda. Izvi zvakapa mukana wokugamuchira nokuda kwayo yokuzvigadzirisa vamwe dzinopiwa hurumende uye kunobatsirawo zvavo ezvinhu.

Zvakanga zvisiri kusvikira pakati XVIII remakore, kana murayiro Empress Elizabeth, iye hwakatamisirwa chepasi pakati Diocese pakati Novgorod uye akava guta racho Cathedral pasina kujoina, vakakoniwa kukanganisa nzvimbo yaro zvemari. Somugumisiro, nokuda kushaya mari zvaidikanwa overhaul, Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod (Novgorod) kusvika kumagumo remakore yakazova chakasakara, akasvika zvashata wehurumende.

Zvakazoitwa vavakezve Church

Chete kubvira nguva rokutonga Mambo Alexander I muna upenyu church akatanga kuchinja nani. Muna 1810, musi zvepamusoro murayiro vakasunungurwa mari rokuvakazve kwayo, izvo zvakabatsira kuvaka wokumavirira uye kuchamhembe mativi uyewo, iyo ichava imba sacristy, inodziya makereke, mativi uye berere. Uyezve, munguva yokutonga kwemwanakomana wake - Nicholas I, guva Church yakanga yabuda pamwe akakandwa Slabs.

Muna 1913, ivo Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod (Novgorod) akazarura mikova vayo dzemhuri youmambo. Chikonzero chiitiko ichi chaiva vosmisotletie kubva Bookmarks ayo uye trohsotletie kutonga Imba Romanov. Pausiku kushanyirwa nechinzvimbo chepamusoro vaeni mairi zvakawanda basa hwokudzorerwa akatakurwa kunze.

Njodzi temberi mumakore Soviet

Mushure October Revolution hurumende itsva haina kuvhara Cathedral. Izvi runoratidzwa akachengetedzwa kubva avo nguva magwaro uye ndangariro vakare. The chete Kupindira muupenyu hwake anogona kunzi sezvo Mutongo Novgorod City Council kubvira 1933 pahwaro iyo kereke yakava zvose miziyamu. Kubvira ipapo, masvingo aro pamwe kuzvipikira vakaperekedza Tours.

Munguva yehondo, Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod akagashira chinokosha kukuvara. Kunyanya, kubva kutokonora zvakakuvadza pedenga ake uye yokumusoro nhengo. Uyezve, bhuku racho rose rekare kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira akayambuka yakadzika mutswe vakayambuka masonry masvingo, namaberere uye hwakavigwa mumakamuri. Bhomba kumadokero muberere rakaparadzwa denga zvachose.

Hondo yakanga kunze nhevedzano mabasa hwokudzorerwa uye Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod akadzokera kuvatendi, asi muna 1962 chinzvimbo chayo sezvo kereke ano yakaguma. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, kunyange mutariri Novgorod remunharaunda Museum, akava chinhu kuongororwa. Mumakore akatevera, akanga akatsigira zvakawanda matongo basa, izvo akabvumira unzwisise nhoroondo yaro uye yepakutanga chitarisiko. Rising Cathedral reguta kufanorongwa mumwe chiumbwa chomufananidzo wenyika.

Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod: mapurani zvinhu

Nhasi, ari Church yekare, tichiziva nhoroondo kuzvimirira Novgorod Republic, ane nzvimbo aitungamirira chinzvimbo pakati nezvimwe zvivako vaisanganisira vari kunzwisisa zviri Novgorod zvokutengeserana. Its mapurani pakuonekwa zvikuru laconic uye yakaoma.

Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod, mapikicha izvo akapa munyaya, ane shanu-domed chivakwa mberi, kumabvazuva rakatenderedzwa apses matatu - semicircular rusvingo maberere, izvo anoiswa mukati pearitari. hwakavigwa mumakamuri ayo anotsigirwa simba mbiru nhanhatu dziri mukati huru chivakwa.

chechi yavo hurukuro inoratidza ukama hwake nemumwe Nyanzvi yekare Novgorod mapurani - St. Sophia Cathedral. Kazhinji, maererano vatsoropodzi, chimiro chayo anoenderana netsika hwakasimbiswa mavakirwo Kievan Rus of XII remakore. Vava kuwedzera Mumachechi akawanda Novgorod, kusanganisira Saint Nicholas Cathedral, Novgorod.

Pamifananidzo raakanga kupendwa mumakore ayo pokugadzwa, kazhinji kacho akarasika, uye vashoma vavo vakasara muchimiro yoga zvimedu. Pakati pavo tinogona kusimbisa mufananidzo "Kutongwa Kwokupedzisira,", akaisa pamusoro kumadokero pamadziro, zviri "Hierarchs Vatatu" kurutivi rwezasi pamadziro, uyewo pabindu "Job murefu gnoische" nechepakati apse.

modernity

Munguva kubva 1994 kusvika 1999, apo nokubatanidzwazve kwakativhurira mikana mitsva nokuda ndichengetedze tsika uye nhoroondo nhaka kare emakore, kunenge kudzoreredzwa Church rikaparadzirwa kunze. anoshanda chirongwa semutongo boka ezvivako inotungamirirwa Novgorod GM mbiru, uye mari yave vaizvitora dzakawanda NGO "Hansa League."