Russian zvavo ndege. An rekare Russian zvavo ndege. Arts uye Crafts

Russian zvavo raanoziva rinobatanidza guru rukoko tsika. The peculiarity wenyika yedu uyewo pakuti anenge ose enyika nayo, dunhu kana zvionera nharaunda ine yayo mhando dzakarukwa. Inogona kupendwa dzakasiyana zvinhu, zvehari uye matoyi, norwonzi, pastries uye zvakawanda.

mufananidzo

Russia vagara inozivikanwa munyika yose Artists. mapatani kwakadaro maitira tenzi wedu, vasingakwanisi kufunga munhu European Artist. Nokufamba kwenguva, kunyange vamwe dzakabudirira nzvimbo uye zvikoro kuti mberi tsika vanhu vedu.

Nyora ose mhando uye unyanzvi kupenda mu Russia zvisingaiti. Kune vakawanda, uye mumwe nomumwe anotakura imwe nzvimbo, uye tsika. Yakakurumbira Russian zvavo Arts and Crafts, ichi ndicho:

• Gzhel. zvitema mapatani izvi pamusoro chena porcelain kuzvakasikwa Kishi uye kunze. Pakutanga tableware kubva chinokosha chena nevhu inoshandiswa vayo zvinodiwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo yava rakapararira Russia, uye kunyange akatanga kushandiswa "inogadzira mishonga zvinodiwa." The chepakutanga uye asingakanganwiki muenzaniso uri chena mundiro akaonekwa zvikuru gare gare - mukupera XIX remakore.
• Artistic Crafts - Khokhloma. Uyu mumwe inonyatsozivikanwa zviratidzo Russia. Izvi pfungwa kwemakore anenge 400. It yakabuda muna Nizhny Novgorod. The peculiarity pamusoro hakusi kuti muti kana muhari inoratidza siyana michero, maruva, shiri nemhuka. Inoshandisa kunyanya tsvuku uye dema ingi uri kumashure goridhe. Dzimwe nguva akashandisa girini yellow.
• Gorodets kupenda. The fishery yakasiyana nedzimwe pakuti mhando dzakasiyana yematanda pakutanga akashandisa unyanzvi hwake: chimwe chiedza, mumwe nerima. In rinokosha mukudzokera akaiswa cutout migove uye anogamuchira chifananidzo yepakutanga. Gare gare vakatanga kushandisa tint. Anenge ose fungidzira huru chinhu - bhiza rakanaka akavhura mutsipa.

Kunze unyanzvi izvi, izvo vanoshandisa rwokugadzira uye handicrafts, pachine guru chitsama emifananidzo kuti Russia zvose vanodada kusvikira nhasi. Ndivo chiratidzo nyika yedu uye nenyaya yake kudada. It Zhostovo uye Mezen kupenda, Fedoskino uye Palekh miniatures , uye zvakawanda.

zviumbwa

Zvinozivikanwa kuti vokuRussia vekare vakanga vakawanda ndakagara uye vanobishaira vanhu. Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva nokushingaira kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana zviumbwa. Saka, mukurumbira mumazuva iwayo yaiva Russian zvavo raanoziva - zviumbwa.

vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti pakutanga izvi zvakaitwa chete vakadzi. Yakanga zvikuru chete gare gare kuti mabasa aya zvakazara zvaitambidzwa mumaoko simba evanhu.

Kazhinji, vachiita basa iri munzvimbo inoitika kuunganidza ivhu. Kazhinji, vakanga yakaumbwa dzemisha uye nemisha. Zvakavanzika zvehari apfuura kubva kumarudzi namarudzi.

Yakakurumbira maruwa muRussia, riri inozivikanwa mhizha dzayo, vakaitwa kuumba anoshamisa vakava Novgorod, Smolensk, Ryazan, Gzhel, Vologda nevamwe vazhinji. Kazhinji, ava vaiva munzvimbo dziri pedyo nenzizi uye madhamu.

Nevhu yakaitwa midziyo kwete chete. Kwakapararira siyana matoyi, zvivezwa, miridzo, kwezvishongo uye musha midziyo. A muenzaniso unoshamisa - ounyanzvi Gzhel. Pakutanga anobudiswa siyana zvedongo tableware. Zvino chero Russian chirangaridzo chitoro unogona kuwana chidimbu zvehari ane rebhuruu rakasiyana muenzaniso proprietary.

Muna Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda zvehari zvakatanga muna XVI remakore. Mumwe wake pfungwa raiva Bogorodskoye. Kusvikira ikozvino, pane mutambo vanatenzi uye mafeni kuti nebasa iri.

Nechepakati chikamu Russia yave ichizivikanwa zvikuru uye vaishandisa ivhu usina kukonekita. iwe Izvi zvaida rinokosha unyanzvi uye kutsungirira. Clay obnalichnikami nenyembe misha vapfumi boyars, uyewo machechi akawanda uye machechi.

Weaving norwonzi

Izvi zvinenge zvakafanana nokuti Russian chinyakare unyanzvi, kufanana kupenda kana kuvesa. Zvisinei, ichi chekare Russian zvavo raanoziva yakatakura mashiripiti basa. Pashure pezvose, nokushongedza Slavs - haisi chete nzira kudzivirira chando uye akaipa ekunze, asiwo yakanaka nzira kamwe zvakare kungwarira zvakaipa ziso, kukuvara kana chirwere.

Ndokusaka muenzaniso pamusoro nyaya yavatenzi Russian kunokosha zvikuru. Kwemazana emakore kwevanhu hakuna kumbochinja zvachose. Panguva iyoyo ndiye bhizimisi kadhi dzose rudzi kurarama munharaunda Russia. Ivowo vaumbe mashoko pamusoro wayo kukura, zviitiko zvinokosha uye magamba.

The inozivikanwa vari handicrafts vakadaro:

• Anoramba veimba yamambo. KuMiddle Ages, unyanzvi iyi zvikuru uye kakawanda mudzimba boyars akapfuma uye machinda aigona kuonekwa ambassadorial yakamendwa tablecloths, uye hwakarongwa micheka Special Mucheka micheka. The vatenzi dzakakurumbira yakatengwa Kadashevskaya kugarwa uye Khamovniki Moscow nharaunda. Also vaikoshesa zvinhu Cherkasovo Breytovo Yaroslavl nharaunda.
• Downy zvameso. chigadzirwa ichi, kufanana matryoshka kana Khokhloma, ndivo pakuva Russia. The kukurumbira chikuru yawana Orenburg Downy zvameso. Kokutanga ivo pakuzivikanwa kubva mambakwedza XVIII remakore. Ivo yakagadzirwa nyoro uye ushamwari wembudzi shinda nesirika, nedonje uye nezvimwe nezvitsvuku, sokugamuchira hwaro. Aizivikanwawo hafu-amakwai nemvere Pavlovsky Posad zvameso akadhindwa.
• Resi. Kokutanga ino pevairwara raanoziva vakava kwakapararira munyika XVII remakore. The resi chinoitwa noruoko uchishandisa remuti rutanda-bobbins. Saka vane chinokosha notch filaments. Zviri kuburikidza izvi tsotso vatenzi ukarukira unodikanwa mapatani. Aboriginal nzvimbo resi muRussia akanga Vologda, Mikhailovsky weruwa Ryazan, nharaunda Soviet muna Kirov nharaunda uye Yelets dzoruwa munzvimbo Lipetsk mudunhu.

Kufanana zhinji Russian chevarwere rwokugadzira, kurukiswa norwonzi muSoviet nguva uye nhasi anenge asingadi kukura. Ichingori vemifananidzo shoma zvikuru vaigona chose recreate unyanzvi uye maitiro tsika dzekare.

Blacksmithing

Russia agara inozivikanwa simba uye utano vanhu. Ndosaka blacksmithing yazova kumwe kukudzwa uye airemekedzwa raanoziva namadzibaba edu. Hazvina simba uye akaomarara vanhu ava vaiva ngano uye epics vakanga rinoumbwa sezvo kuzvikudza rudzi magamba ayo.

Iron rave richizivikanwa kubvira madzitateguru edu zvakananga - the Slavs. Uye atova XI remakore, Russian zvavo ndege ndiyo inonyanya kwakapararira. Kunyange kupfuura hugota yaiva chete pedyo deposits esimbi uye ivhu.

Kazhinji, mhizha oga kumorwa uye kupatsanurwa simbi. Panyaya iyi, magadzirirwo kuti nokuchengetedza kuchinja kusvikira XIX remakore. Chokutanga, nhindi simbi kudziyirwa kushandisa echoto, uye ipapo uchishandisa sando nekuumbanidzwa simbi uye gang yose kubviswa.

Navapfuri vesimbi vakaitwa kwete chete minondo. Vakapa vanhu nekiyi uye makiyi, namasanhu nemapanga, nembambo uye tsono, boilers, Zviidzo uye zvakawanda.

The chikuru nzvimbo blacksmithing ari Russian muguta Zlatoust simbi, iyo vanokosheswa uye airemekedzwa nemadzimambo edu, sezvo guta guru yezvombo, Pavlovsky mujeri, Siberia, guta Belev uye vamwe vakawanda. Iimenno nzvimbo idzi akaita nomukurumbira mupfuri uye nokusingaperi zvaisanganisira nawo Russian zvavo ounyanzvi.

Woodcarving uye mapfupa

Mumwe yekare, asi kwete kukanganwa zvachose ndege. vanhu vedu vose vane zvaanoreva dzvene. Kunyange zvavo zvinhu zuva kushandiswa madzitateguru vakaedza kushandisa zvinhu. Imhaka ichi uye kwakanga siyana zvavo ounyanzvi mafomu. Kunyanya inoremekedzwa zvigadzirwa akagadzirwa dzinongoitika nezvinhu: ibwe, pfupa kana huni.

Kunze kuti mumwe akaita siyana zvemumba, unyanzvi rwokugadzira uye zvichingodaro., Vachibatsirwa shinda vashongedze pamadziro zvezvivako, anoita zvivezwa uye zvichingodaro. D.

Special kukurumbira akamuka ounyanzvi dzakadaro:

• Shemogodskaya mugoronga elm. iwe Izvi yakatangira muna Vologda mudunhu. Elm, pasinei ayo pachena fragility, ndakasimba uye vafuke zvinhu. Vologda vatenzi kuti matengu siyana, kuumba, mabhasikiti, zvishongo uye kunyange shangu uye nguo. The peculiarity mishonga izvi ndechokuti muenzaniso chinyakare zvakanyatsobatana dzinongoitika maruva chishongo, mashizha uye michero, maruva uye madzinde.
• Varnavinsky mapfupa kuvesa. Ndiwo unyanzvi Nizhny Novgorod chevarwere unyanzvi vanatenzi. Nyaya kunobva chaiwo imba decor akaurayiwa matanda. The peculiarity mishonga izvi ndiyo Mhedziso yokusiyana uye munhu akazvimiririra. Pashure pezvose, chidimbu ose rinoitwa manually, pasina templates uye inoratidza.
• Abramtsevo-Kudrino shinda. Izvi zvinoshamisa unyanzvi webasa vakatsva kuzivikanwa muzana XIX remakore. Tichishandisa nzira iyi kunoita migomo, nezvirongo, vases uye mabhokisi, uyewo chero zvinhu uye musha yakarongedzwa zvinhu. The peculiarity mishonga izvi ndiko kuwanda-siyana curls, rosettes, mapazi, toning uye makorari huni.

Kuwedzera rwokugadzira izvi, Russia ndiyo vatenzi akapfuma kuti havagoni nyore kushandisa mapatani pabwe, mapfupa kana huni. Ivo, sokunge nopindirana nemasikirwo mufananidzo pachako basa mashoko wacho. Ndokusaka zvigadzirwa izvi saka kujairika uye nemamwe.

Handicrafts: zvokutambisa

Chinhu chikuru chipi mhuri - kuenderera mhando. Ndokusaka vana nguva dzose azopiwa kutarisirwa. Ivo vakatevera, Vakadzidzisa uye, chokwadi, airidza navo. Kuti kutora mwana, takaita chaidzo rwokugadzira: matehwe, jira, matanda, namabwe, etc ...

Russian Arts and Crafts vana:

• Matryoshka. The yakakurumbira chokutambisa yava chiratidzo Russia. Kokutanga mudhori ichi yemapuranga akazviratidza mukupera XIX remakore. In yose, inoitwa 8 dzakabatana. Machine psac munhuwo mudhori Turner. Rakanga ipapo kupendwa uye akasimuka evasikana Russian pamwe chete, makopi chete duku mukati mhando.
• Toy Bogorodskaya, wakavezwa. Matoyi aya vakatanga kuti shure XVI-XVII emakore. Panyaya iyi, tenzi haana chete vanhuwo zvivezwa, asiwo nhamba chaiyo kubvongodzwa. It vavhimi, varimi, mhuka neshiri, uyewo mifananidzo yose kubva muupenyu okumaruwa.
• Dymkovo zvokutambisa. Handicrafts of sabhabha kuzivikanwa zvinenge zvose pamusoro Russia. Muzana XV remakore, tsika vachiseka matoyi-miridzo nevhu. Izvi kwokufananidzira mhuka, vanhu uye shiri vakatakura mifananidzo yekare. Tsika fishery ichi haina zvitange senguva dzose, kubva baba mwanakomana uye kubva mai nomwanasikana.

Kunyora zvose anozivikanwa uye yekare hwedzinza, vakatsaurira unyanzvi hwavo vana, zvinogona ziendanakuenda. Uye mumwe nomumwe aiva yayo hunhu matoyi, anokosha features, kwete sevanhu vamwe.

girazi-kuvhuvhuta kugadzirwa

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma uye dzinonakidza mabasa panguva imwe chete. MuRussia, rimwe anoridza raanoziva akaonekwa asina kudaro kare - ari XVIII remakore. Its muvambi aiva Prince Menshikov. Uye, pasinei nokuti pakutanga kugadzirwa navatorwa vakakokwa, ipapo basa rava redu National Russian zvavo ndege.

Glass-kugadzira centre raiva guta Klin. Zviri ipapo kuti tinogona kuwana kune nakisisa kwemasimba Christmas zvemaoresa nezvishongo. Sei guta rino pedyo Moscow? nharaunda iyi akapfuma deposits zvinokosha kuti glassblowers jecha - Goldstone, pasina pazviri pasingabviri kugadzira.

Imwe nzvimbo zvinozivikanwa zvose pamusoro nyika, kuti Gus Crystal. Taundi inotumidzwa zita raro rekare magirazi-kuvhuvhuta fekitari, yakavambwa muna XVIII remakore uye ndezvaiye akakurumbira Entrepreneurs Russian Maltsov.

Ndianiko chirimwa chinoshamisa ichi pave zvakasiyana siyana kubva kusimba zvinhu izvi. Izvi magirazi waini uye magirazi ewaini, vases uye damasks, uye matkamuistoja dzinonakidza uye kunyange musha midziyo.

Modern webasa kuratidzira

Zvino chikuru chinhu vakawanda rwokugadzira Russian uye nemhizha - kuramba kukudziridza. Popularity - ndiko abudirire. The vanhu vanoziva uye kukosha raanoziva, nani, zvikuru mirairo vari vanatenzi.

Uyezve, handicrafts kubatsira chizvarwa chitsva kunzwisisa nhoroondo uye tsika dzavo pachavo nyika. Izvi zvinofadza kwete chete uye anodzidzisa, asi mugove kunofara, kunyanya vana vaduku. Pashure pezvose, anenge mumwe chigadzirwa edu anoshandisa mavara akajeka, kusetsa mifananidzo anosetsa vatambi.

Kazhinji, apo ari yakaomerera kugadzirwa rwokugadzira siyana vari wepagore dzaishandiswa nhumbi. Zvakanga pano kuti vanatenzi vauye yakanakisisa zvigadzirwa zvavo nokuda kuratidza uye kutengeswa.

Kupfuura nomukurumbira uye nhumbi dzinonakidza nhasi:

• "Boat" kwemasimba handicrafts. Zvinotora nzvimbo Nizhny Novgorod ose gore. Heano unyanzvi uye rwokugadzira kwete chete yemunyika vemifananidzo, asiwo akanakisisa mhizha Russian. chiitiko ichi kunoitika mid-December.
• Ethnomir - vanatenzi uye ounyanzvi. kuratidzwa Izvi zvinoitika muna Kaluga mudunhu September. It anounganidza yakanakisisa vanatenzi yeRussia uye nyika. Sechikamu pamutambo uyewo inoshandiswa anonakidza uye anodzidzisa Mumusangano vose.

Solovetsky Crafts Fair. Ichi chiitiko wepagore muna Arkhangelsk mudunhu ashanyirwa vanatenzi kubva Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Moscow, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Nizhny Novgorod nemamwe maguta mhizha nemisha. Kunyanya kukosheswa vashanyi rwokugadzira - Khokhloma, gzhel uye matoyi.

Kunze nhumbi data, kuchine vamwe vazhinji vaunganidze vanhu vakawanda uye kuita kuti kunenge kwaita refu-kukanganwika handicrafts.

hove banga

Art kubudiswa simbi zvaizoparadzirwa panenge Russia. Uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana vaiva kugadzirwa nzvimbo yose mashizha, midziyo, siyana Forogo, Banga Nechipunu.

Kunyanya inozivikanwa kukwanisa kwake tenzi Nizhny Novgorod. Center romubati simbi raanoziva vakava Pavlovskaya Sloboda. Chiyeuchidzo iye wokutanga akaonekwa XVI remakore. Ipapo art handicrafts vakapararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo uye nzvimbo. Somuenzaniso, musha Vorsma. Unyanzvi uye unyanzvi vomunharaunda nemhizha zvaizivikanwa kure mhiri Russia. Panguva Soviet Union nzvimbo iyi yaiva guta guru pamutemo pakati "banga hove."

mapanga Russian nemidziyo vakanga yakashongedzwa-siyana nezvinhu, kubva mapfupa kusvikira parera nejaspa. Ivo vaziva chaiyo achiita zvokutemera, izvo vakasamushumira chete chishongo, asiwo mhando chitambi kugadzirwa.

Mumwe dzimba yakakurumbira kuti akaita vanhu ava kuti mafomu rwokugadzira remhuri uye kuchinjwa michina uye mazano ari kutengeserana kubva baba mwanakomana, akava Ptitsyn Zavyalov uye Biryutiny. zvigadzirwa zvavo vakaita chihombe mupfungwa kutengeswa wakanaka Philadelphia, London, Berlin uye Paris.

Jewelry bhizimisi Russia

Uyu ndiwo mumwe chinokosha uye dzakakurumbira rwokugadzira vanhu vedu. Kusvikira zvino, chigadzirwa wokuRussia yekare vanatenzi katyamadza pfungwa uye fungidziro nevashanyi uye nyanzvi dzakawanda mamiziyamu uye kuratidzira. Jewelcrafting zvinoshamisa pakuti inobva rwokugadzira zhinji uye handicrafts. Izvi nokuchengetedza, kuvesa, kupenda uye zvakawanda.

Jewelry akaperekedza Russian munhu kubva pakuberekwa kusvika parufu. Kunyange hembe mwana chero marozari uye akabayiwa nzeve vasikana vane makore makore 6-8. Boys vanowanzotevedzera vimba imwe mhete. Kuwedzera zvemaoresa izvi, vanhu vari siyana dzakakurumbira zvamaoko, mhete uye anokosha nezvindori, simbi dzemabhande emabhurukwa uye zvichingodaro. Rakajairika zvinhu muRussia vaiva goridhe, sirivha uye namaparera. Gare gare, munguva vanoshingaira kugadzira wezvokutengeserana ukama, paiva anokosha, esimaragidhino, nesafiri uye garnets.

Pasinei nokuti Russian machinda dzimba kwaiwanzoonekwa akakoka vatenzi vatorwa, muRussia paiva nevazhinji pachavo magamba. It Gavrila Ovdokimov akaita magakanje akafukidza vakafa Tsarevich Dmitry, Moscow vatenzi Ivan Popov, Pestrikov Tretyak uye Athanasius Stepanov.

Jewelry raanoziva nzvimbo vava nechepakati nharaunda, achipa kukonzera rwokugadzira - Gzhel, unyanzvi nokuchengetedza kupenda uye zvichingodaro, Nizhny Novgorod, Red Village, Great Ustyug nevamwe vazhinji.