Mifananidzo yaAnatoly Zverev (muongorori)

Pakupera kwaMay 2015, musamu wemuRussian artist Anatoly Timofeevich Zverev yakavhurwa muMoscow. Izvo zvisati zvaitika, mimwe mienzaniso mikuru yakazvipira kubasa rai tenzi yakabatwa, apo mabasa mazhinji evanhu vese vakaunganidzi vakaoneswa kwekutanga.

Pasinei nezvisingambofungidziki zvingave zvakakanganiswa, Anatoly Zverev mifananidzo yakave iripo pamakositori akakurumbira ekupenda, mabhuku ezvinyorwa, mabhuku, zvidzidzo zvebasa rake uye kuyeuka kwake. Uye chero chiitiko ichocho chimiro chekuzarura kunyange kune avo vagara vachinyanya kufarira kugadzirisa kwaZverev uye huno unhu hunoshamisa.

Kusika kwehupenyu

Akararama kwemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu, izvo zvaakapedza zvisingasimiri muMoscow - guta rine chikamu chezvakaitika yaiva nhoroondo yeanyanzvi - musingaregi vagabond, aivhiringidzika eccentric, kwegirazi rinogadzira zvidzidzo, kuzvidzidzisa genius, zvidhakwa zvinodhakwa uye schizophrenic, ruoko rwavo runotungamirirwa naMwari. Iyi nhema inoratidzika sechinhu chakaita sechinhu chinopenya che grey mararamiro ezuva nezuva, ekuti vanhu vazhinji vakabatanidzwa mukusikwa kwayo - vanobva kune vavariro dzorudo, avo vanove nechinangwa chekuwana zvishoma. Uye chikonzero chikuru chekuonekwa kwezvakanaka uye nhaurwa ndeyeAnatoly Zverev pachake, uyo ane mifananidzo yehupatidzo hune tarenda inoshamisa inotengeswa mumamiriro asina kukodzera.

Ikoko chiri chokwadi?

Kunzwisisa kuti ndeyepi, uye pane chokwadi, inowedzera kuoma, pasinei nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwezviyeuchidzo zvemazuva ano, kubuda kwemabhuku matsva nemafirimu. Zvichida haufaniri kuisa chokwadi, kutsva kusvika kumashoko mashomanana, kuratidza kuti Anatoly Timofeevich aigara sei, - mifananidzo nemifananidzo yakasara kumadzinza, mavari inokosha? Zvechokwadi, izvi ndizvo. Asi mabasa aZverev akasiyana zvachose kubva pahupenyu hwake, uye shamwari dzake nevaya vaakagadzira vakayeuka nzira yekugadzira mapeji sekuita kwechokwadi, uye kuzvikudza kwechiito chehudhi. Zvinenge zvakanyadzisa kuva nepfungwa yakatsauka pamusoro payo kana kuti kusava nemafungiro zvachose.

Nenzira, simba rekudenga rezvisikwa zvake zvakanakisisa uye unyanzvi hukuru hwavanogona kusiyananisa zvinotibvumira kuonga mapikicha aAnatoly Zverev akatendeka, kunzwisisa zvokwadi uye kuenzanirana kwetarenda yakakura, kuoma kwehupenyu hwakasununguka pasi pekusimudzirwa kwekrete kwechisimba chechirevo chimwe chete chinotonga.

Mirror ye self-portrait

Mumabasa anotsvaga hutano nezita raAnatoly Zverev, mifananidzo yaakanyora, mumwe anogona kusangana nemagariro echipfungwa chine narcissism, iyo inonzi inopupurirwa nehuwandu hwezviratidzo zvaakanyora panguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu hwake. Zvichida, unhu uhwu hwakanga huri muna Rembrandt uye kunyanya Van Vangh, avo vane simba rakajeka rinowanikwa muZdwev mifananidzo. Akatanga kuzvitarisa kubva paudiki, kubvira panguva iyo mufananidzo wekudzidzira kuchikoro chesekondari Nikolai Vasilyevich Sinitsyn achinzwisisa nehutano hwemashoko hwemifananidzo nekupenda.Ukurovedzwa kwebasa kwaive kwenguva pfupi uye kusinganzwisisiki: chikoro chevashandi, muchengeti wekare-alfresher, kwenguva pfupi paArt and Industrial School . 1905, makirasi muzvikwata zvekudhirodza vanhu vakuru - iyi ndiyo yose yake "academy".

Zvichida ndizvo zvakaita kuti pave nekugara kune vakawanda vakadana Zverev a dilettante, uye avo vanoda Anatoly Zverev mifananidzo inoona kusakosha kweunyanzvi hwekugadzira kuburikidza nekupfuura, basa risina simba - kunaka kwaZverev nzira yakananga. Vanotaura kuti muhupenyu haana kubvisa mashizha emitambo, kutenderera zvose zvakapoteredza kuita basa. Zviratidzo zvake ndezvimwe zvemitambo, uye chete kumucheto kwemasikisi kunobuda, asi izvi zvakakwana kuti utange hurukuro pamusoro pehupenyu, pamusoro pehupenyu.

"Ndichakukurudzira iwe ..."

Ndiyo nzira yaakakurudzira mumwe munhu kunyora mufananidzo - akaziva chipo chake, semunhu chero upi zvake, uye akaziva kuti muenzaniso wake uchagara munguva, ichave "isina kufanira." Basa rake rakafanana nekwangwani, chiratidzo, hieroglyph, asi chete mukururama uye nyore kwekutora; Zvinyorwa zvepamusoro pezvifananidzo zvinowedzera mukukura nekudzika.

Zvinotendwa kuti kune nguva mbiri mubasa remuenzi, uye chete iyo mifananidzo yakaitwa naAnatoly Zverev yakanyorwa kusati kwapera kwema1950, inoratidza chiitiko chechokwadi chemazwi eZverev. Mumwe wevanyori vake vechokwadi, mutori akakurumbira GD Kostaki, akatenda kuti mushure mokutanga maonesheni kunze kwenyika, Zverev akapfuurira pamusoro peavo vaida kuwana mari kwaari, uye akava mhando yezvakanaka, achishanda urongwa kuburikidza kwaakasika mafoto ake. Muenzi wacho pachake akataura kuti akazvishanda kusvikira 1959, uyezve-kune vamwe. Kuora mwoyo kwakatsanangurwa nyore nyore nokudhakwa uye chirwere chepfungwa ...

Zvakaoma kutenda mune izvi, kutarisa, somuenzaniso, pamifananidzo yeKM Aseeva, rudo rwekupedzisira rwemunyori uye musemu. Zvechokwadi, chibereko chisingafungi - chikonzero chekuonekwa kwechimiro chezvisikwa zvisingaverengeki, muromo wechikadzi weku sugari pamufananidzo we "kutengesa" unofanirwa nevakaremekedzwa maitiro ekunyoropodza. Asi muzviratidzo zvakanakisisa zvevakadzi zvekupedzisira, hazvisi shuga, asi kunaka kwechokwadi. Mavari, izvo zvaifungidzirwa sehukuru hweZvereva-murume: iye azere nezvakanaka, pasinei nekusaziva uye kuwanda kwekuguma kwekuguma. Mifananidzo yakaitwa naAnatoly Zverev-vashandi vakazara netsitsi, haaine chero mifananidzo yakaipa, mafananidzo ake pane "vanhu vasina kufanira" - portraits yevanhu vechokwadi.

Machechi nemipata

Tsvaga izwi remuongorori wemifananidzo, Zvereva yakakodzera kwazvo, ave achiedza kwenguva yakareba. Mutungamiri wekutanga wokuRussia - saka akamudana Kostaki. Zverev pachake akadana nguva yake yakanakisisa apo aive "tashist," uye akamuvimbisa kuti akanga atanga nzira yakadai, uye kwete vamwe Pollock. Anatoly Zverev akashongedzwa nemasikirwo emasikirwo akasiyana-siyana nemifananidzo yavo yakasununguka pavakasvika kuMoscow Youth Festival muna 1957 kuti vadzidzise vanyori veSoviet vanyoro bhuku.

Asi kumudana iye wezvokwadi wezvinyorwa zvingangove chete avo vanyori vezvakaitika kare, avo vakaumba maitiro ekugadzira Khrushchev neshamwari dzake. Vanofanirwa kutarisa zvakadzama mazita aAnatoly Zverev "Pines. Nikolina Gora "(1968) kana kuti" Chechi "(1959) kuti anzwisise: iye nyengeri uye nyanzvi tenzi chaiye. Mukuwedzera kune simba rakasimba remashoko, akaberekwa nemusimba unyanzvi hwemaitiro, munharaunda yematenzi nzvimbo yakarurama nekururama kunoshamisa mukudhindwa kwekanguva, chiedza uye mhepo, inzwi nemhepo - zvose zvinowanikwa mumasters makuru emamiriro eRussia - II Levitan, AK Savrasov , Uyo unyanzvi hwake, nenzira, iyi "ignoramus uye hooligan" yaiziva uye yaikoshesa zvikuru.

Chikara-mhuka

Pakati peavo vanoyemura zvekugadzirisa kweZverev pane zvakawanda zvevaya vanoisa mavara avo pamusoro pezvose, uye pakati pemifananidzo pane mifananidzo yakajeka yezvifananidzo zvemhuka. Saka, mutsara pamusoro pevagari vemooo, yakagadzirwa muna 1952, yakava yekutanga yezvidzidzo zvemhuka.
Zvaive zvichikwanisa kusangana ne "hunyanzvi" kuzvidzwa kuna Zverev: mabasa ake haafaniri kutarisirwa, nokuti ari mashoma, haana basa shoma. Ndinorangarira Pushkin's Salieri, uyo akatsiura matenga, ane chipo chekuita "asingabatsiri". Asi zvakadini kana, kuti aratidze kuchenjerera kwembwe kana kukurumidza kwembambo inoputika, Zverev inoda mutsara mumwe chete uye tsvimbo shomanana? Nyasha dzake dzakanaka dzinotarisa semutsamba wakanatswa, uye maziso ake ane kunyanya kudzvinyirira kwepenzura, asi iwe unogona kutarisa uye unoyemura zvachose.

Mifananidzo inonakidza yaAnatoly Zverev - anyanzvi uyo aidavira kuti imbwa dzinomutora kuti ave yake, dzakasara zvishomanana "portraits" zvinyorwa zveFili, guru guru reRussia rinonzi Ulan nevamwe vake "vanozivana." Zvichida, pamwe navo, akanga achitanga kutaura kwemweya, izvo zvakanga zvisipo munyika yevanhu?

Illustrator

Uye zvakadaro, angave sei akafananidzwa mumufananidzo wemunhu akadzidzira akadzidziswa, kana ainyatsoziva kukosha kweTrakoakov Gallery, kana akadzokorora Eugene Onegin nemoyo, kana mumwe achiyeuka kutaura kwake kwepfungwa uye aphoristic? Zvose izvi hazvigoni kufungidzirwa pasina ruzivo rwepasi rose netsika yenyika yose.

Gogoliaada, mifananidzo yeAsser's 'Golden Axel', uye imwe yemifananidzo yaDon Quixote yaanofarira ndeyemabasa kwete kungoita kuti vanyori vezvinyorwa vaonekwe, vane maonero akasiyana-siyana enyika akasika nemunyori, hurukuro inonakidza yakanyorwa nemunyori Nyaya.

Kusvika pakukwanisa kwakadaro nekugadzira kunze kwekufungisisa kwenguva refu uye mushure mekukurumidza kuzivana nebasa rebasa racho hazvibviri, kana zvisinei zvinoramba zvichitenda mukufungidzira, nenzira yakasikwa ine mifananidzo uye Zverev yemafananidzo. Anatoly Timofeevich zvakaoma kuziva sevatumwa vekumatenga, uyewo zvivi uye zvivi zvaiva hupenyu hwake, asi nekuda kwekugadzira kwake maitiro ezvepasi rose zvakakosha.

Russian Matisse uye Russian Picasso

Kuvaka pamusoro pedestal is mission iyo inogoneka chete yezvakaitika kare. Kuongororwa kwaPasasso, uyo akadana Zverev muchengeti wekuRussia wakanakisisa, akadzima zvakare. Kuti uone kukosha kwayo, zvakakosha kuti tifunge kuti yakaratidzwa nehunyanzvi hunoshamisa kubva munyika yebstract art, uye zvakaoma kutarisira kukwana zvakakwana neRussian painting.

Asi pfungwa iyi yemukuru weSpain haifaniri kunge yakanyanyisa kukosha, kana iwe ukaona mifananidzo yakajeka yemasikirwo asina kunaka uye mifananidzo yeZvereva yakatsaurirwa kwaari. Anatoly Timofeevich akanga akaparidzirwa nemafungiro akaoma pamusoro pevakadzi, izvo zvinogona kunzwisiswa kubva mumangariro evanhu vepanguva. Vane zvakawanda zvinoratidza maitiro uye zviito zvisingaenzaniswi maererano nehutachiona husina simba. Kana kuti ingova mask zvakare zvakare? Mutsara mumwe weZverev's ny unofuridzira unyoro hwenyama, hunoita runako uye kutarisira kwemufaro, izvo zvakaenzana nemuenzaniso wepamusoro weunyanzvi hwakanaka.

Zverev and abstract art

Akanga ane nguva yekufarira mune zvisiri zvekufananidzira, mhirizhonga yeSupramatist mabasa inozivikanwa. Uye ndeipi imwe iyo vangaidza iyo muenzi, uyo akanyatsojeka kuti haana kukodzera mune unyanzvi hwepamutemo, kana kwete abstractionist? Izvi zvakataurwa uye mararamiro, uye mifananidzo yeZvereva.

Anatoly uye kumadokero kwairehwa sechiratidzo cheChipiri cheRussia Avant-garde, iro bheneri. Uye akafunga kuti kufarira kwake kuregererwa kwakakwana kwaingova kwenguva pfupi, nyika yake yaisagona kuvapo pasina chokwadi: vanhu, mhuka, zvinhu, zvisikwa - pasina kuzadzwa uku, pakanga pasina kukwana kwakakwana kana muhupenyu.

Kare uye munguva yemberi

MuMoscow, kwete minyamuziyamu yakawanda yakatsaurirwa kune mumwe mushandisi. Iye zvino panewo munhu akazvitsaurira wehupenyu hwakadaro saAnatoly Zverev. Mifananidzo, mapikicha, mavhidhiyo - izvi zvose zvichatibatsira kuwana chinhu chitsva chevechidiki, dzidza zvitsva zvetare uye unhu kune avo vaanenge ari mhemberero yeMoscow. Nhoroondo yevanhu vakaoma, vasina kukwana, vasina kufara, vasina simba uye vane simba rose vane tarenda yake.