Russian-Japanese hondo 1904-1905: zvikonzero uye zvabuda

Rimwe zvikuru anofunga anonzi hondo 1904-1905 Russian-Japanese. Zvikonzero nokuti ichakurukurwa munyaya. Somugumisiro yokurwisana kunge vakashandisa battleships pfuti, kumberi atirari, kuvaparadzi.

Musimboti hondo iyi yakanga izvo vaviri anorwisana umambo kuti kudzora kuFar East. Russian Emperor Nicholas II vaitirei kukoshesa kusimbisa simba simba rayo riri East Asia. Panguva iyoyowo, Kesari Meiji kweJapan akatsvaka kuwana kudzora zvizere Korea. War vakava chisingadzivisiki.

MARARAMIRO kunetsana

Zvinonzi kunzwisisa kuti hondo Russian-Japanese pamusoro 1904-1905 (zvikonzero zvine chokuita kuFar East) haana kutanga pakarepo. Akanga wake background.

Russia akatamira Central Asia kuti miganhu Afghanistan uye Persia, kuti chokuita zvinodiwa UK. Vasingakwanise kuwedzera mune mirayiridzo iyi, umambo zvava kuMabvazuva. Paiva China, iri kukonzerwa kupedza kuneta mune chinodhaka Hondo uye Taiping Kupandukira akamanikidzwa kubvisa chikamu ndima wokuRussia. Naizvozvo akamuka kudzora Primorye (nharaunda Vladivostok ano), kuti Kuril Islands, chikamu pachitsuwa Sakhalin. Kubatanidza kumiganhu kure akasikwa Trans-Siberian Railway, inova kuchiteshi mutsetse akapa kubatana pakati kuChelyabinsk uye Vladivostok. Kuwedzera njanji, Russia akaronga kuchinjanisa muGungwa Yellow kubudikidza ice-akasununguka Port Arthur.

MuJapan, panguva imwecheteyo vanoisa kutendeuka kwavo. Kamwe nesimba, Kesari Meiji kumisa mutemo kuzvikoshesa zindoga uye akatanga mazuvaano weHurumende. ake kuchinja zvose zvakanga zvakadaro akabudirira kuti pashure kota remakore pashure pakutanga Empire akakwanisa afungisise rechiuto kuwedzera kune mamwe anoti. zvitarisirwa Its wokutanga aiva China uye Korea. Japan kuti kukunda pamusoro China akabvumira naye kuti muna 1895, kodzero kuKorea, chitsuwa muTaiwan, uye dzimwe nyika.

Kuitika kunetsana pakati umambo maviri simba kutonga muna East Asia. Zvakaguma hondo 1904-1905 Russian-Japanese. Zvinokonzera kurwisana ndewe kufunga zvizere.

The kukonzera hondo

Nokuti zvose masimba yaikosha kuratidza nemauto kubudirira kwavo, saka zvairatidza hondo 1904-1905 Russian-Japanese. The zvinokonzera kurwisana uku nhema kwete maruramiro munharaunda China, asiwo mumhuri ezvinhu, iyo nguva ino mune zvose umambo. A kubudirira danidziro muhondo, kwete chete anopa Kumukundi zvoupfumi makomborero, asi hunowedzerawo chinzvimbo wayo renyika uye Anonyaradza vavengi aripo musimba raro. Vaitarisira vaviri inoti mukurwisana uku? Ndezvipi chikuru zvinokonzera wokuRussia-Japanese Hondo 1904-1905? Tafura pazasi muchidimbu mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi.

Imhaka yokuti zvose masimba vakatsvaka kugadzirisa kurwisana nezvombo, vose nedzenyu Nhaurirano regai migumisiro.

Pakuenzanisa Mauto pasi

Zvinokonzera wokuRussia-Japanese Hondo 1904-1905 vakanga ezvoupfumi uye enyika. Pamberi Eastern yechi23 atirari Brigade wakatumwa Russia. Panyaya kusanganiswa zvinobatsira mauto, utungamiriri raiva Russia. Zvisinei, muna East, mauto aihuitira 150 zviuru vanhu. Zvisinei, vakapararira pamusoro mundima huru.

• Vladivostok - 45,000 vanhu.
• Manzhouli - 28,000 vanhu.
• Port Arthur - 22000 vanhu.
• Kudzivirirwa Cer - 35,000 vanhu.
• Atirari, injiniya mauto - vanhu 8000.

Dambudziko guru kweuto Russian yakanga remoteness kubva European chikamu. Kukurukurirana zviri kuitwa neteregirafu, uye kukurukura - mutsetse cel. Zvisinei, pengarava aigona kununura vashomanana zvinhu. Mukuwedzera, utungamiri haana mepu yakarurama nzvimbo, iyo ine kunambwa nzira kurwa.

Japan isati hondo aiva nehondo 375 zviuru vanhu. Vari zvakanaka-adzidza nzvimbo, vaiva mepu kurebesa yakarurama. Mauto yave upgraded nenyanzvi Chirungu uye varwi vakavimbika kuna Kesari rufu.

Pakuenzanisa Mauto pamusoro pemvura

Kuwedzera Sushi, uye hondo vakatora nzvimbo pamusoro pemvura (Gungwa Yellow). Japan akatungamirira rengarava Admiral Togo Heyhatiro. Basa rake raiva kuvhara yomuvengi dzechikwata pedyo Port Arthur. Mune chimwe gungwa (Japan) dzechikwata kuti Japan vaishora Vladivostok sevatsvaki vemapuranga boka.

Kunzwisisa zvinokonzera wokuRussia-Japanese Hondo 1904-1905, ari Meiji umambo vakagadzirira kurwa pamusoro mvura kwazvo. Zvikepe Major rengarava ayo kubatanidzwa vakasikwa England, France, Germany, uye yekudyidzana kupfuura mudziyo Russian.

The chikuru zviitiko yehondo

Apo, muna February 1904, mauto Japanese vakatanga kuyambuka vachipinda Korea, murayiro Russian havana kuzviita kuti ukoshi, kunyange vaiva nezvikonzero akajeka Russian-Japanese Hondo 1904-1905.

Muchidimbu pamusoro chiitiko chikuru.

• 02.09.1904. Historic hondo ngarawa "Varyag" pamusoro Japanese dzechikwata pedyo Chemulpo.
• 02.27.1904. Japanese Navy vakarwisa Russian uto mujinga muPort Arthur, pasina rondedzero hondo. The Japanese kutanga kushandiswa torpedoes uye vakagogodza kubva 90% of Pacific Fleet.
• April 1904. The kurwisana wehondo panyika, iyo yairatidza kusada yeRussia kuhondo (mismatch chimiro, kushaya mepu nemauto, nekusagona fenzi). Nokuda pamberi vakuru Russian majasi chena, varwi vokuJapan nyore dzaona uye vakaurayiwa.
• May 1904. Kutora Japan chengarava ramangwana.
• August 1904. The kubudirira kudzivirira Russian Port Arthur.
• January 1905. Delivery Port Arthur Stoessel.
• May 1905. Gungwa Battle pa Tsushima aparadza Russian rengarava ari (Vladivostok akadzokera chikepe rimwe), apo hapana ngarava Japanese akakuvara.
• July 1905. The nechisimba Japanese mauto pamusoro Sakhalin.

hondo Russian-Japanese pamusoro 1904-1905., Vawane akakonzerwa zvoupfumi zvakasikwa, zvakaita kuti Kuparadzwa vose masimba. Japan akatanga kutsvaka nzira kugadzirisa kusawirirana. Iye akareva kuzobatsira United Kingdom uye United States.

Hondo Chemulpo

hondo yakakurumbira akatora nzvimbo nemhenderekedzo Korea 9/2/1904 (guta Chemulpo). Two ngarava Russian naKaputeni Vsevolod Rudnev. Ndivo ngarawa "Varyag" uye chikepe "Korean". Japan dzechikwata akarayira Sotokiti Uriu armadillo yaiva 2, 4 sevatsvaki vemapuranga, 8 kuvaparadzi. Vakavhara nezvikepe Russian uye amanikidzwa kurwa.

Mangwanani musi pachena "Varyag" ne "Korean" vakayera zvibatiso vakaedza kuwana kubva bay. In kukudzwa kubva kuchiteshi chengarava mimhanzi yavo yakatanga kutamba, asi maminitsi mashanu kurutivi uriri akarova aramu. Rose mureza kurwa.

VokuJapan aisatarisira zviito zvakadaro uye vaitarisira kuparadza ngarava wokuRussia chengarava. The dzechikwata muvengi kukurumidza kurera chikepe, kurwa mireza uye vakatanga kugadzirira hondo. Hondo yakatanga pena of "Asama". Zvino kurwa ne dzokurwa kuboora uye yakakwirira-putika anoshongwa kubva kumativi.

The dzisakarurama simba "Varyag" akanga doro kukuvaradzwa, uye Rudnev akasarudza kudzokera kuna zvitsigiso. Ikoko, vokuJapan vaisagona kuramba vachiridzira pangozi kukuvara zvikepe dzimwe inoti.

Achideredza chinobata, chikwata che "Varyag" akatanga kudzidza mamiriro muchikepe. Rudnev, Zvichakadai, akaenda kuti chisarudzo pamusoro pokuparadzwa ngarawa uye shanduro chikwata chake pamusoro ngarava kwazvakarerekera. Havasi vose vakuru dzakatsigira chisarudzo Rudnev, asi papera maawa maviri chikwata akanga abviswa. "Varyag" akasarudza kunyura hwomukova mahwindi ayo. Mitumbi yevakafa vezvikepe panguva iyo akasiya ngarawa.

Chikepe "Korean", kwakasarudzwa kuvhuvhuta kumusoro, evacuating pamberi murayiro uyu. Zvose zvinhu vakasiiwa chikepe, uye akapisa chakavanzika magwaro.

Vafambisi vakatorwa nevanhu French, British uye vokuItaly ngarava. Vapedza zvose zvakafanira nzira vakaendeswa Odessa uye Sevastopol, kwavainzwa emauto akadzingwa mabasa zvikepe. Vakanga vari chibvumirano zvakanga zvisingaiti kuramba kubatanidzwa mune Russian-Japanese kurwisana, saka havana kubvumirwa pamusoro Pacific Fleet.

Results of hondo

Rugare chibvumirano, Japan akabvuma nemasaini pamwe wakakwana capitulation kweRussia, izvo kare vatanga chimurenga. Maererano Portsmunskomu rugare chibvumirano (23/08/1905) Russia aifanira kuzadzisa pfungwa dzinotevera:

1. Marara anoti muManchuria.
2. Nokusiiwa nyasha Japan pamusoro Kuril Islands uye hafu Sakhalin Island.
3. Kucherechedza kodzero Japan kuna Korea.
4. Over kuJapan kodzero risi Port Arthur.
5. Japan kuti kubhadhara indemnity kuti "kwerunyararo vasungwa."

Mukuwedzera, kukundwa mu hondo reRussia Migumisiro nemashoko zvoupfumi. Zvakatanga kurega kunotanga mune dzimwe maindasitiri nemhaka kwakaderedza anomukweretesa nokuda dzimwe mabhanga. Kurarama munyika wamuka yekudyidzana. Maindasitiri vakasimbirira pamusoro kunokurumidza mhedziso rugare.

Kunyange nyika avo kuti pakutanga akatsigira Japan (UK uye US), akaona zvakaoma kuti mamiriro ezvinhu Russia. The hondo inofanira kumiswa kuti kutungamirira masimba ose ari kurwisa pokuchinja, wakange zvakaenzana simba munyika yose mamiriro.

Vakatanga uremu kufamba pakati vashandi uye varwi. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiyo yemuna pamusoro yehondo "Potemkin".

Zvinokonzera uye migumisiro Russian-Japanese Hondo 1904-1905 vainzwisisa. Zvazvinosarira kuwana chii vaiva Nokurasikirwa semunhu. Russia chakarasikirwa 270 zviuru, izvo 50,000 zvakaurayiwa. Japan vakarasikirwa chete nhamba ravarwi, asi akaurayiwa vanopfuura zviuru 80.

kukosha kutonga

hondo makore 1904-1905 Russian-Japanese, zvinoreva akakonzerwa zvoupfumi uye enyika hunhu, akaratidza matambudziko akakomba mukati Russian Empire. Chete rakanyorwa uye General Kuropatkin. Hondo yakaratidza zvinetso muhondo, ayo chombo, murayiro, uyewo kukundikana nokukurukurirana.

Japan haana kugutsikana zvizere zvinoenderana Nhaurirano. Hurumende chakarasikirwa zvakawanda pakurwisa muvengi European. Aitarisira kuwana zvakawanda nendima, asi US uyo ayo haritsigiri. Inside nyika yakanga kutanga Kusagutsikana, uye Japan acharamba gwara emuchiuto.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Russian-Japanese hondo 1904-1905, zvikonzero vaiona nzira, akauya yakawanda stratagems:

• Kushandisa projectors;
• kushandiswa Barbed waya pasi kumusoro makakatanwa kuitika;
• munda kicheni;
• Wireless kekutanga kubvumirwa kwokunangisa ngarava iri kure;
• yezwi mupopotedzane mafuta chisingazivi kubereka utsi uye mukugadzira ngarava zvishoma vanooneka;
• pakuonekwa zvikepe - vangu akaturikidzana, dzakanga dzakaitwa kuwandisa mumigodhi;
• flamethrowers.

Mumwe umhare hondo hondo pamwe Japan ndiyo hondo ngarawa "Varyag" pana Chemulpo (1904). With ngarava "Korean" Ivo vakauya ane dzechikwata yose muvengi. Hondo pachena akarasika, asi vafambisi vachiri akaita vachiedza kupaza. Zvakanga kubudirira, uye kuti varege yokuupa, vashandi vemo inotungamirwa Rudnev yakanyura chikepe chake. Ushingi uye heroism, vakanga paakavapa arumbidzwe Nicholas II. The vokuJapan saka mwoyo chimiro uye kushinga Rudnev uye ake vezvikepe kuti muna 1907 paakavapa kwaari Order muJapan. Mukuru mungarava ngarawa akagamuchira mubairo, asi akanga asina kupfeka.

Pane dzidziso maererano iyo vokuJapan mapfumo Stoessel Port Arthur kuti muripo. Kana toreva shanduro iri kwakarurama, cheki hazvibviri. Chero zvakanga, nekuti nezvaaizoita danidziro akanga hachizobudiriri. Panguva iyi mukuru akanga nemhosva uye akatongerwa makore 10 ari nenhare, asi akanga nokukangwanwira rimwe gore mushure pakutapwa. Akanga kunyimwa mazita ose uye mibayiro, kusiya mudyandigere.