Rubber tsvimbo: maitiro nemhando

Kazhinji, iye anodanwa kuti ave nechokwadi, iye pachake anova chinhu chinorwiswa. Nekuwedzera kwekukura kwehupombwe, zviitiko zvakadaro zvakawedzerwa kakawanda nekuremekedza kuATS uye chirongwa chemhosva. Kutarisana nevashandi vevashandi vemakambani ekuchengeteka, mapurisa ehurumende uye mapurisa ane zvigaro zvakagadzirisa zvakadai semudonzvo. Iyo yemazuva emhando yerabha yezvombo izvi, izvo zvinowanzoonekwa mumaoko ezvokuchengetedza uye masangano ekuchengetedza mitemo, ine nhoroondo yaro, iyo yakadzoka muna 1881.

Nzira dzokutanga dzinokosha dzezana remakore reXIX-XX

Muna 1881, mapoka ezasi emapurisa eSt. Petersburg akashandisa vanoongorora kuti vadzorere kurongeka. Musi waMay 20 wegore iroro, VaMutungamiriri weIndaneti mumushumo wake "Pokumisa Mapurisa Akazasi eSt Petersburg" vakabvunzwa kuti vatsive dragoon mapuranga nematanda ematanda.

Panguva iyoyo, baton yaiwanzoitwa mumapurisa eFrance neEngland. Tichiwana ruzivo rwebasa remapurisa eguta rehurumende idzi, Tsarist Russia inosarudza masaga, ayo, maererano nechinangwa chavo uye nzira yavanoshandiswa nayo, vari pedyo nekambani. Zvinyorwa zvakashandiswa nevatasvi vemabhiza, zvose kuti vadzorere kurongeka uye kutonga bhiza.

Pasina nguva vatengesi vakatsiviwa, asi kwete nematanda, asi nehondo sabers, iyo yakachengetedza maoko. MuRussia, nyaya yekuiswa kwemapuranga ematanda haana kugadziriswa kusvikira muna 1917. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotaura izvi kune basa rakawandisa nekuzvidzivirira kwevanhu vazhinji, izvo zvinoratidzirwa nguva dzisati dzachinja. Zviremera zvakashandisa mauto ehondo kuti atore pasi vapanduki, avo vakanga vakashongedzerwa zvakanaka uye vaisada tsvimbo.

1962: USSR

Mune hurumende yehurumende pakanga pasina chikonzero chekudzivirira mauto ehondo. Mune nguva iyo inonzi: "Thaw", basa rezvakaipa zvinowedzera zvakanyanya. Nechinangwa chokudzivisa zvakakwana - kuchengetedza zvido uye kodzero dzevanhu vemo maererano nehurongwa hweHurumende yeZvenyika dze RSFSR - mapurisa eSoviet kubvira muna 1962 ane zvombo zvakakosha zvakadai sezviputi uye tsvimbo yekubata.

Kushandiswa kwavo kwakanyorerwa pamutemo uye kunotsanangurwa nemirairo inokosha. Kushandiswa kwetambo yekubhabhatidza kwakabvumirwa kune mhosva, mapoligans nevamwe vanhu vanotyora hurumende. Kurwisa kupesana uye zvimwe zviito zvisiri pamutemo, mapurisa akanga asina kodzero yekurova bhabhoni yebrabhu mumusoro kana chiso. Zvakanga zvarambidzwa kushandiswa tsvimbo yerubha mumapurisa uye pakushanda nemamwe mapoka evapambi uye vanokanganisa: vakadzi, vana, vakwegura uye vakaremara.

Shingairira chiito

Rubanda tsvimbo yakagadzirirwa kumanikidza munhu anorwisa kuti ateerere kudiwa kwemapurisa. Unyanzvi hwokubata tsvimbo, mutemo wekuteerera mutemo unogona kusashandisa zvombo zvekugadzirisa zviitiko zvakawanda. Kunyanya munharaunda umo kushandiswa kwepfuti kusingadiwi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mutongi wacho anotyisidzirwa nechisimba kukunda, uye kwete kutyisidzira rufu.

Chii chiri PR?

Nhasi, varindi vemabhagi vanonamatira, mapurisa uye masimba anokosha anomiririrwa nenzira yemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye kuchinja. Pamusana pekugadzirwa kwavo, boka rerabhu rinoshandiswa. Izvo zvakagadzirwa muhumbwa chaihwo nehutano. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvezvinhu zvemazuva ano, kuzvisiyanisa kubva kumagariro ehuni, zvinoonekwa sekusimba, izvo zvinogadziriswa nekuda kwechikamu chakasimbiswa chinenge chakareba masendimita makumi matatu nemasere uye kuvapo kwetivo.

PR-73: Tsanangudzo

Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekushandisa kubva muna 1973, rubon baton 73 yakave yakakurumbira zvikuru. Icho chibereko chinosanganisira:

• Kubva paimba - gadziriro yakasimba uye yakasimba.
• Temljak, kana chikwata chechikohwe, chinodikanwa pakugadzirisa nekuzorora kwebrashi. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuita zvinotyisa uye zviito zvekudzivirira. Iyo chrome-plated loop inogadzirwa neyiloni kana ganda. Iyo yakafara 10 mm. Nguva yakagamuchirwa inokubvumira kuti uchinje chikwangwani paruoko.
• Flexible impactor, nekuda kweiyo tsvimbo iyi, kusiyana neinoyevedza, pakutsvaga kunowedzera kuwedzerwa mune chikamu chekupedzisira chemagumisiro. Muchiitiko ichi, pfuma inowanikwa mune zvose zvirikurumidza uye simba.
• Rubha nzimbe inorema 73 g.
• Urefu: 650 mm.
• Diameter: 32 mm.

Mamiriro ezvinhu akadini anoshandiswa?

Kushandisa tsvimbo rubber PR-73 inoitwa:

• Mujeri uye musungwa wepamberi. Kuti vadzivirire kurwiswa, vashandi vehurumende yejeri vane kodzero yekushandisa nzira idzi dzakasarudzwa maererano nevanokanganisa, vanopomerwa uye vane mhosva. Kurwisana netsvimbo yerubha kunoparidzirwa pamhirizhonga yevanhu uye kuputsa kweboka kwehurumende nevasungwa vari kuongorora nekuregwa. Kubvumira kushandiswa kwenzira dzakasununguka mumamiriro ekusateerera kune vanoruramisa uye kuedza kutiza.

• Kuvhara kupukunyuka apo kuperekedza musungwa, kupomerwa kana kutongerwa.
• Paunosunungura mauto.
• Panguva yekupararira kwevatsoropodzi pamagungano asingabvumirwi.
• Munguva yekudengenyeka kwemitemo yepamutemo kugovana kwakasiyana kwezvivako nemotokari.

Kubudirira kwetirabhu yemarubha ndiko kusavapo mumuviri wemunhu mushure mekushandiswa kweizvi nzira dzinokosha dzekukuvara kwakakomba. Izvi zvinogoneka mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kushandiswa kwePR kunosangana nezvose zvinotarisirwa nemutemo.

Ungapfeka sei PR-73?

Kupfeka zvipfeko izvi zvakakosha zvinopa mabhandi akasiyana-siyana ane zvakasungirirwa zvakagadzirirwa nenzira yezvindori zvematanda emabhanzi. Kune rumwe rutivi, pfuti inopiwa kune mutongi wezvemitemo pamabhanhire, uye tsvimbo yebhebhu inoiswa kune rumwe rutivi.

Ndeipi nzvimbo iyo PR-73 inoshandiswa?

Kubudirira kwekushandisa tsvimbo yekubhabhatidza kunoenderana nepamusoro pemazuva ekurwisana. Kufambisa chiito chinorwisa, counterattack, kuchinja kwemafaro zviri nani muhondo yekurwa. Inogona kunge yakagadzirirwa zvakanaka kana kuruboshwe. Kune vakarurama, ruoko rworuboshwe runokurudzirwa. Chinhu chikuru ndechokuti panguva imwe chete hapana chinodzivisa kufamba. Tsvimbo yerubha inogona kubatwa mune rumwe rutivi, kana nemaoko maviri kumativi ose maviri. Kufungisisa kwekurwisana kubva mberi kunowanikwa mumativi ekumusoro: PR-73 inobatwa namaoko maviri, uye muviri une chinzvimbo chisingaoneki chetsoka chinoshandiswa kurutivi.

Zvibvumirano zvinogamuchirwa

Ne tsvimbo yerubha PR-73 muRussian Federation, zvinokwanisika kushandisa kusvetuka kwetiroti kune trunk uye kumativi enyika nzvimbo kubva kumusoro, kubva pasi uye kubva kumativi. Majeko aya anonyorwa zvakare. Zvinorambidzwa kurova musoro, mutsipa, mazamu nemaruva. Chokutanga uye chakakosha, vashandi vezvemitemo vane kodzero yekurova pamaoko, sezvo kazhinji vashanduri vari kurwisana nekushanda kwechando. PR mumaoko evanhu vakagamuchira kudzidziswa kwakanyanya, inoonekwa sechimbo chinotyisa, chinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba. Kushanda netsvimbo yerabha yakanga yakabudirira uye isina migumisiro yakakomba kumusungwa, mapurisa ese anoshanda anofanira kunge ane ruzivo pamusoro pezvinhu zvakanyanya kuoma pamutumbi wemunhu. Iwe unodawo kuziva nezvemigumisiro inogoneka mushure mekurohwa.

Nzvimbo dzakanyanya kunetsa: mapoka eboka rokutanga

Ichi chikamu chinosanganisira nzvimbo dzomuviri wemunhu, zvinokonzera izvo zvinosanganisira kukuvadza zvishoma:

• Knee joints. Kuputika kunotungamirira kuendesa kana kuputsika.
• Hip. Kurova kunotungamirira kunetseka kunorwadza.
• Brush nehokwe. Mhedzisiro yacho inogona kushungurudza.
• Nzvimbo ye clavicle. Inodzivisa ruoko.
• Nharaunda yakadzoka. Huri inokonzera kushungurudza kunorwadza.

Pfungwa dzeboka rechipiri

Izvi zvinosanganisira nzvimbo pamutumbi wemunhu, izvo zvinokonzerwa nazvo zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro yakakomba kana kutungamirira kurufu:

• Nzvimbo yepakati yemusoro, maziso, mumhino nemutsipa. Huri inotungamirira kurasikirwa kwemaonero, kusaziva kana kufa.
• Nzeve. Inogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, musoro kunetseka.
• Itsvo. Kurova kunzvimbo ino kwakazara nekuputika kwemuviri wenyama.

Iyo raibra nzi inonzi inoshandiswa chaizvo, uye mune maoko ane unyanzvi chete zvishoma zvishoma kune zvombo. Izvi zvinofanira kuverengwa, sekuwedzera kwehutongi, maererano nemutemo weRussian Federation, inosanganisira mutoro wakakomba.

Mazuva ano mashizha emabhiri: marudzi

1. PRS. Nzira inokosha inoshandiswa kune vashandi veHurumende yeZvenyika uye mamwe masimba ehurumende. Muchikwata kune vakagadzirwa zvikohwe, izvo zvinokubvumira kutakura mabhati pamabhandi ebhanhire.

• Ukuru hwechibereko chacho kubva ku 450 kusvika 580 mm.
• Iyo yakareba 3 cm.
• Kurema - 630 g.

2. PR-73M. Maoko ematanda aya eibhagi ane zvigadziriswe zvegore rimwe nerimwe zvinoita basa revarindi - vanodzivirira minwe kubva mukuderera kwevavengi. Iko kushandiswa kunoshandiswa sekusimbiswa kwekupfeka ichi chigadzirwa chakakosha mumatambudziko akaoma pabhanhire.

• Ukuru hwechibereko chacho ndeye 700 mm.
• Iyo yakareba 3 cm.
• Kurema - 700 g.

3. PR-K (rubber stick "Contract"). Izvo zvakagadzirirwa zvemichina iyi inokosha yakafanana ne PR-73M. Kusiyanisa kuri mumiganhu:

• Ukuru hwetanda ndi 465 mm.
• Iyo yakareba 31 mm.
• Kurema - 600 g.

4. PR-T ("Taran"). Chigadzirwa chacho chinomiririrwa nemuranda werubha wakaumbwa une chikamu chemuchinjikwa. Pamugumo mumwe wemoti yerubha (mumuchengeterwo) pane chibato, uye mune imwe - chikamu chinotyisa chemaitiro ehemispherical. Kugadzirwa kwechigadziriswa ichi chinopa imwe mbambo, iyo inomira (115 mm), iyo iri pamakona akakodzera kusvika kunotyisa.

• Kureba kwechigadzirwa chacho 565 mm.
• Chikamu chinotyisa chinokwira kusvika pamasita makumi mana.
• Iyo yakareba 30 mm.
• Kurema - 750 g.

Zvose zvakasarudzwa zvinoreva "Kupopotedzana"

1. PUS-1. Chigadzirwa chacho chinoreva zvigadzirwa zvakasikwa zvepasi rose. Polymeric synthetic materials inoshandiswa pakugadzirwa. Bhuti rakasungirirwa kumubati wakagadzirwa. Kuti vadzivirire kukuvadzwa kwemaoko mukuvakwa kwetambo iyi yekubhabha, vashandi vane purasitiki. Izvi OL zvinogona kupfeka nebhanhire rine bhanhire rakakosha ring.

• Ukuru hwechibereko chacho ndi 66 cm.
• Iyo yakareba 32 mm.
• Iyo yakakura yechindori iri 4 cm.
• Iyo yakareba yeharu ye 8 mm.

2. PUS-2. Ichi chigadzirwa chakafanana nemuenzaniso wekutanga wezvigadzirwa zvemhando dzakasikwa. Misiyano ndeyokuti mukugadzirwa kwePUS-2 kune chibatiso chinowedzera, icho chinoita kuti murindi agone kurohwa maoko uye panguva imwe chete achicherechedza chiyero maererano neanomupikisa, kwete kumupa mukana wekutora nekurova.

• Kureba kwepfuti panzvimbo yakakonzerwa ndeye 48 cm.
• Tsvimbo yakawedzerwa ine uwandu hwe 65 cm.

3. PUS-3. Tsvimbo inokosha yepasi rose yebhebhu. Chimiro chechigadzirwa ichi chakangofanana nemamwe maviri maviri apfuura. Musiyano uri muhukuru. Telescopic PUS-3 mudenga rakapetwa rine urefu hwemasentimita makumi matatu, uye pashure pokunge ichisvika - 48. Mazano emaburiyoni ematanda akagadzirirwa kushandiswa kurwisa kusingatarisirwi uye kunotangira.

Rinotanga mberi. Muzviitiko zvipi zvinoshandiswa?

Nguva pfupi apo inonyanya kushandiswa yekugadzirisa matambudziko:

• Panguva yekurwisa. Uyo anorwisa anoisa pfungwa dzake pane zvaanoita uye panguva ino haasi akagadzirira kurwisa varindi.
• Pane imwe nguva apo munhu anorwisa anotora banga, tsvimbo, bhodhoro rakaputsika kana imwe simbi inotonhora kubva muhomwe yake.
• Munguva yekutamba.

Vasati vauya matanho ekugadzirira, varindi vanogona kutaurirana, kushandura kutarisa uye kuita zvimwe zviito kuitira kuti vadzivirire vakangwarira. Nhanho yekufananidzira inotanga kushandiswa kune ruoko runoputira chimbo, kuitira kuti igogodza. Mune mirayiridzo yevarindi sezvinobvumirwa, zvinokurudzirwa kuti zvirove kuti zvisiye ruoko uye zvidzivirire kwenguva pfupi.

Basa rekuchengetedza mitemo nevashandi mubhizimisi rekuchengetedza rinowanzorwisana nekukakavadzana kakawanda nemhosva yezvakaipa. Kutanga kwePR mumidziyo yemapurisa nevarindi vezvokuchengetedza, pamwe nekufambisa kwekudzidzisa kuti kuwedzere kushanda kwekushandisa kweyi nzira dzinokosha, kunopa vashandi masimba emagetsi kukwanisa kugadzirisa kusawirirana mamiriro asina kupa.