Respiratoria maitiro: maumbirwo zvomukati. Pleura - ndiko ... Pleural mhango chiedza

Sezvaunoziva, pasina mhepo munhu haagoni kuita maminitsi anopfuura matatu. At okisijeni iri mumatanda, ichiputswa muropa, vari kwezvinoshandiswa, uye kunouya nenzara uropi, iri richiratidzwa syncope, uye zvikuru nyaya - pakoma uye kunyange rufu. Chokwadi, anodzidzisa imwe nzira vanhu vaigona kuwedzera airless nguva anosvika mashanu, nomwe, kana kunyange maminitsi gumi, asi avhareji munhu angangotadza kuwana. Metabolic pezvakaitwa kuitika mumuviri, zvinoda kuramba dziripo okisijeni mamorekuru, uye basa iri zvakanaka nyaya kufema hurongwa.

kufema nzendo

Okisijeni Exchange pakati Muviri kwezvakatipoteredza kunoitika mumatanho mana:

1. Air kubva kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza anopinda mapapu uye anozadza zvose iripo nzvimbo yacho.
2. Diffusion pamusoro magasi, kusanganisira okisijeni, mhiri rusvingo Formação de (pulmonary STRUCTURAL chikwata) muropa.
3. Chizenga iri mubhuku dzvuku masero eropa chinobatanidza dzakawanda okisijeni uye anoita nayo munyika muviri. A duku chikamu urwa muropa kuchinja.
4. Okisijeni anosiya Chizenga uye mukomboni ichipfuura mudziyo Rusvingo zvinyama mumasero nenyere.

Cherechedza kuti mune izvi kunosanganisira chete kufema maitiro panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa, vamwe kunoenderana hunhu aibuda ropa, ayo zvivako, uye padanho tishu muviri. Mukuwedzera, mapapu vanobatanidzwa kuchipisa Exchange, excretion kuti zvine chepfu, paumbwe inzwi.

anatomi

The yose kufema gadziriro iri muzvikamu zviviri, zvichienderana mwero zvomukati.

Upper yemweya panofanira nasal uye dzaiita in, nasopharynx, oropharynx, huro uye pharynx. Uye nokuda kworutivi vanomiririra mhango inoumbwa masvingo dehenya pfupa kana connective musculo-marangwanda.

Lower kufema turakiti inosanganisira dokeriro, trachea uye principales. Formação de mu kupatsanura ichi haaverengwe, sezvo ivo vari chinokosha pamusoro zvemapapu parenchyma uye chinouraya chikamu Árbol sepombi panguva imwe chete.

Muchidimbu pamusoro nomumwe constituent Unit kufema turakiti.

nasal mhango

It dzidzo osteochondral, riri pamusoro pamberi dehenya. Inoitwa vaviri vasiri achiudza in (kurudyi uye kuruboshwe) uye partition pakati pavo kuti anoumba munhu chakakombama kosi. Vomuyaimbova nasal mhango akafuka mucous Kamudzira, ane vakawanda midziyo ropa. Izvi zvichakubatsira kuti sunungukei mhepo kuyerera nedanho inhalation. Uye kuvapo cilia duku kuchenesa kunze guru seguruva, mukume nezvimwe tsvina. Uyezve, ndicho nasal mhango chinobatsira munhu kusiyanisa kunhuwirira.

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, huro uye pharynx kushumira nokuda kwemutemo zvakafadza mhepo kupinda dokeriro. Nemamiriro rokumusoro kufema turakiti nhengo iri kunyatsotevera akarondedzera anatomi yeDehenya uye akapotsa zvachose anodzokorora zvetsandanyama nemapfupa puranga.

dokeriro

Human Voice nezvimiro zvakananga kupinda dokeriro. Ndiko iri ari pahuro zvinokonzera vari vibrating panguva ndima therethrough mhepo kuyerera. Izvi zvakafanana tambo, asi nekuda peculiarities yechivako chacho (urefu, ukobvu), zvavanokwanisa hakungoitwi chete inzwi. Inorira Inzwi yakakura nokuda napedyo pamusoro intracranial in kana sinuses, zvinopa imwe mhinduro. Asi inzwi - ane kwete. Zvakajeka rinonzwika chete kuumbwa kana chikwata kushanda vose constituent zvinhu vaikudzwa kufema turakiti uye tsinga.

The trachea, kana gurokuro, ndiye chubhu iyo kurudyi mumwe chinosanganisira shwashwa, uye mumwe - kubva nemarunda. Kureba - gumi kusvika gumi masendimita. Pachiyero yechishanu thoracal vertebra rakakamurwa principales huru mbiri: kurudyi. Nemamiriro repasi kufema zvomukati kunyanya raimiririra shwashwa, izvo zvinobatana kuti vaumbe chubhu, ichipa mhepo kuti kudzika ment parenchyma.

Kuparadzana of kufema hurongwa

Pleura - nhete chokunze goko chiedza, anomiririrwa serous connective tishu. Externally, rinogona kutorwa kwakajeka unodzivirira unhani, uye hazvisi kure nechokwadi. Rinotaura zvomukati kubva kumativi ose, uye iri romukati pechiso pachipfuva. Anatomically maviri pleural anokudzwa: mumwe Anofukidza sechiedza, uye vamwe mitsetse mukati chipfuva mhango.

visceral rukoko

Kuti chikamu goko riri pamusoro zvomukati anonzi visceral kana pulmonary pleura. Zvinonzi zvakasimba soldered kuti parenchyma (chaiko uremu) pakati mapapu, uye unogona chete kuparadzaniswa ne kuvhiyiwa. Zviri kuburikidza ichi pedyo kuonana, uye kudzokorora zvose muviri contours zvinogona kunzwisiswa mihoronga kupatsanura chiedza migove. Zvikamu izvi zvinonzi kwete chete sezvo interlobar pleura. Kuuya kuburikidza pepasi mumapapu, ari connective zvinyama wakakomberedza pamudzi zvemapapu, kudzivirira ayo nhengo dzose, tsinga uye huru bronchus, uye ipapo chinoita kuti chipfuva rusvingo.

parietal shizha

Kutanga kubva panzvimbo kuchinja, nhindi connective zvinyama anonzi "parietal, uye parietal pleura." Izvi imhaka yokuti kuda zvichadaro ikozvino kwete zvemapapu parenchyma, uye kune mbabvu, kuti intercostal tsandanyama uye avo fascia uye diaphragm. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha ichaongororwa kuva chokwadi kuti panyika serosa anoramba wose, pasinei kusiyana mazita topographical. Anatomy kwavo nyore kusiyanisa costal, diaphragmatic uye mediastinal madhipatimendi, sechikamu pleura pamusoro pamusoro zvemapapu inonzi nzvimbo.

mhango

Pakati machira maviri pleura pane mukaha diki (kwete kupfuura vanomwe zvegumi imwe millimeter), ichi ndicho chete pleural mhango pakati mumapapu. Rakazara pakavanda izvo zvinowanisa zvakananga serosa. In zvisingatomboiti utano munhu kunouyisa daily chete milliliters vashomanana fuma. Pleural Urume chinodiwa kuderedza mvongamupopoto simba pakati machira ane connective zvinyama panguva kufema.

pathological mamiriro

Kumboda pleural zvirwere zviri anogumbura zvakasikwa. Kazhinji, ndiko kutoti kuomesa pane akazvimiririra chirwere, sezvinoita mutemo, riri kuonekwa kuvarapi pachiimbwa nemamwe zvekuchipatara zviratidzo. TB - ndicho chikonzero rakajairika nei zvomoto pleura. Utachiona kwakapararira pakati yevagari. Mugore klassiske shanduro chikuru chirwere kunoitika kuburikidza mumapapu. Mamiriro ari kufema hurongwa hunokonzera kuzvimba kuchinja uye akatanga parenchyma iri serosa.

Mukuwedzera tiibhii originators pleura kuzvimba angava neoplastic, autoimmune urongwa, nezvimwe zvinhu, mabayo, zvinokonzerwa Streptococcus, anonzi Staphylococcus uye pyogenic Flora kukuvara.

Pleurisy zvakasikwa zviri pakaoma (fibrinous) uye exudative (exudative).

yakaoma kuzvimba

Panyaya iyi, iyo vasculature mukati connective machira unozvimba exuded kwazviri zvishoma uwandu emura. It matanga kupinda pleural mhango nokuumba gobvu vakawanda izvo rakachengetedzwa pamusoro zvemapapu pamusoro. In Muzviitiko zvakaipisisa, kurwisa aya zvokuti vazhinji vari nyore kuumbwa kumativi zvakaoma goko, izvo zvinotadzisa munhu kufema. kuomesa ichi Ruramiswa pasina kuvhiya hazviiti.

exudative kuzvimba

Kana pleural Urume anogadzirwa vazhinji, zvino munhu anotaura pleural effusion. It, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa serous, Hemorrhagic uye purulent. Zvose zvinoenderana yezvakaita emura, iro riri pakati connective tishu machira.

Kana mvura yakachena kana zvishoma dzengereka, yero - zviri serous effusion. Rine zvakawanda mapuroteni uye shoma mamwe masero. Zvinogona kuva zvokuti inozadza yose mubhokisi mhango, compressing ari nhengo ari kufema emuviri uye mukuvhiringidza basa ravo.

, Kuti muchipfuva kana chiremba vachiona panguva chirwere ponji iri dzvuku mvura, inoti kuti pane kuvadza mudziyo. Zvikonzero zvingava zvakasiyana: kubva rakapinza ronda uye namahwindo pakakuvara mbabvu pamwe misha repfupa zvimedu itye tuberculous zvemapapu tishu mhango.

Kuvapo exudate mune vakawanda ropa masero machena inoita ramakore, pamwe yero-nyoro tint. pus ichi, izvo zvinoreva kuti murwere ane noutachiona pamwe zvakakomba matambudziko. Purulent pleurisy zvimwe inonzi empyema. Dzimwe kuunganidza anogumbura mvura uye kupa kuomesa pamusoro pomwoyo, zvichiita pericarditis.

Sezvo tinogona kuona kuti kufema hurongwa rinoumbwa kwete mumapapu. Chinosanganisira mhuno uye muromo, pharynx uye dokeriro namabote, trachea, principales, mapapu, uye, chokwadi, zviri pleura. Uyu kunzwisisa nhengo, iyo inoshanda zvakanaka, zvichiunza muviri okisijeni uye dzimwe mhepo magasi. Kuti tirambe mashandiro ichi kuitira, unofanira kumbotambudzika dzose bhokisi maekisirei, kudzivisa chakasimba utachiona kufema, uye nguva dzose kunatsiridza kutapata yavo. Zvadaro, inokanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza achava sei kufema basa zvishoma.