Reserve Orenburg: zvinomera nemhuka, nhoroondo uye matongo nzvimbo

Orenburg mudunhu iri pamuganhu nzvimbo zoogeographical nharaunda dzakasiyana uye nenzvimbo dzine. Zvakawanda kwakaita kuti mavambo uye kusiyana yomunharaunda fauna of.

Kwakachengetwa, pasi kudzivirira ehurumende, tiri, tsvakurudzo, masangano zvedzidzo (mu ikoroji) zvesayenzi, zvakatipoteredza. Chinangwa chavo mabasa ndiko kuchengetedza uye kudzidza kwomuzvarirwo kufamba dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa kana zvoga. Uyewo, zviri mundima zvikamu izvi zviri kukasawedzerwa mhuka majini pavane kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, pasi richengetedzwe munhu munharaunda uye mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, nemamwe kana kwese zvipenyu gadziriro. Reserve "Orenburg" - hapana anosara.

tsananguro mukuru

Environmental mapazi chakaumbwa migove mina, zvachose nzvimbo iri yakaenzana 21.7 zviuru. Ha.

Orenburg Reserve rine:

• "Talovskie inowanzorimwa" - 3200 hectares;
• "Burtinskaya inowanzorimwa" - 4500 hectares;
• "Aytuarskuyu inowanzorimwa" - 6753 hectares;
• "Aschisayskuyu inowanzorimwa" - 7200 hectares.

zvikamu zvose zviri akaronga kusvika panguva iyoyo Latitude. Longitude vakabviswa mumwe nokuda 240, 380 uye 75? Km. Izvi kusabatana miganhu vakabvumira kupa zvakakwana inokosha mhando nzvimbo inowanikwa steppes of Orenburg nharaunda.

History chokusika

Yokutanga urongwa sangano dzakachengetedzwa nzvimbo yakagadzirwa kare maviri remakore rapfuura. Asi muna 1975 vakatanga chinozoiswa. The nhangaruvanze akashanda kudzidza mumwe nzendo, somugumisiro yaiva dzakaonekwa primordial inowanzorimwa nyika Orenburg mudunhu. Pakupedzisira, Reserve rakavambwa muna 1989.

okunze mapazi

On nharaunda anotonga pakaoma Continental ekunze. Avhareji tembiricha kuti 2.5 ° C. The chando-isina Nguva kuchengeterwa 130 mazuva iri. Avhareji yegore negore kunonaya zviri 390mm.

Aytuarskaya inowanzorimwa

Ndima anopindura imwe nzvimbo 6753 hectares, riri kuruboshwe kumahombekombe erwizi. Ural Mountains, pamuganhu wenyika yedu pamwe Kazakhstan. 60-ies wekupedzisira remakore ari yakakura steppes izvi zvaiva vaviri mwero Kazakh aul. maturakiti inowanzorimwa uye wemarudzi vakashandisa hayfields, asi zvose zvoupfumi mabasa akarembedzwa nhasi. Kusara yaiva chete bhiza purazi, zvikuru zvakagadzirirwa kubereka yepamusoro Aytuarke nokuda koumiss.

Orenburg kuchengeterwa munzvimbo iyi anonzi kupfuura makomo chikamu. Ndizvo chikamu Ural akapeta ruoko. The fauna of chinomiririrwa 38 marudzi emhuka. Munzvimbo zvakafanana vanhuwo hamsters, loafers, nyore slepushonki, Birch mbeva, pikas. Zvikara vari inowanzorimwa ferrets, makava. The nemiti uye Woody mumatenhere inogarwa nondo, nezvikara musii, Elk.

Zvikuru 106 eshiri, izvozvo rinozivikanwa kuti 41 kubva dendere yavo. Ko zhinji Falconiformes, kusanganisira kestrel miduku, ég norukodzi, gondo Imperial, gora, Pallid Harrier, Eagle. In mapazi iri kuchengeterwa zvinowanikwa zvishoma bustards, partridges, zvihuta. Tupukanana dzinoturwa akasiyana-siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu akanyorwa muna Red muBhuku Russia.

Historical uye matongo nzvimbo anoramba

Mukati kuchengeterwa pane ina chete uye vaviri murwi kuvigwa. Pedyo nzvimbo miganhu akasanganiswa 16 barrows kuraswa.

Aschisayskaya inowanzorimwa

Nzvimbo iyi iri imwe nzvimbo 7200 hectares, vari munharaunda Svetlinskoye. Kare inowanzorimwa yaiva duku mafuro mombe mutoro a, dzimwe nzvimbo aishandiswa uswa.

Rokuyamura nzvimbo yakati sandara, flat, zvishoma raiiswa. Beautiful musiyano Aschisayskoy inowanzorimwa kupa relict mawere, anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, havasi pasi basa hova uye madhamu.

Hydrographic inowanzorimwa zvanza vashoma uye nyanza, izvo zvinoenderana zvinodiwa Vhoriyamu thawed Vernal mvura. Vazhinji vavo vane woita chimiro. Uyu ndomumwe nenzvimbo yakaisvonaka, iyo Anozvirumbidza ane hunhu kuchengeterwa "Orenburg".

Kuti unodzivirirwa munharaunda iyi?

On nharaunda pamusoro 20 mhando mhuka, 53 mhando nesting shiri. Pakati vamiririri fauna of (mhuka), zvikuru maitiro kwemarudzi vari tsindi duku, nembira, inowanzorimwa polecat, day of marmot, gava. Pakati peshiri vakasarudza govera belladonna, gondo inowanzorimwa, lark. Inowanzorimwa madziva dendere Ogar, emumvura, nemazizi.

Monuments wenhoroondo uye matongo ukoshi

On mundima kuchengeterwa pane murwi, izvo, maererano tsvakurudzo, ndezvaiye mhuri mukupera Ages muArabhu. kukwirira kwayo kuri 1 m, dhayamita - 20 m.

Burtinskaya inowanzorimwa

Nzvimbo yacho iri muna Preduralsky Orenbuzhya nharaunda achitora imwe nzvimbo 4,500 Ha. Inowanzorimwa panguva yaitonga Soviet Union pamwe kushanda se uswa. The buffer mapazi ine sesaline uye wemarudzi maturakiti, karst madhamu Koskol.

The inowanzorimwa iri kumabvazuva Urals saka foredeep akapa nemumakomo uye steeply raiiswa mamiriro enzvimbo. Modern nzvimbo akatanga kuumbwa yake Pliocene kunzvimbo mumapani. The chikuru muchimiro mvura raiparadzanisa nebani raiva Mueldy.

Chikuru matombo anomiririrwa Continental tsvuku polymictic conglomerates. Ivhu-nokuumba mabwe akasiyana-siyana. On mawere uye zvinyoronyoro dzakatenuka varipo eluvial deposits inorema unaku.

Mukati nzvimbo kwakaratidza emarudzi gumi ivhu. Hwaro ivhu kuti kumaodzanyemba matema ivhu mavambo. The manyowa jengachenga rinosvika anenge 38 cm sezvamakaropafadzwa zviri manyowa rinouya 8%.

The hydrographic rezvebonde kunokudziridzwa kwazvo uye dzinoratidzwa kuramba tichiwana. It chinomirirwa okumusoro kunosvika nzizi duku, zvinotisimbisa, kwenguva mvura. In dziviriro rokufambira, pane madhamu maviri Koskol pamwe karst mavambo. Mvura slabomineralizirovannaya.

Orenburg Reserve, apo pane chitubu Kaynar (mu Burtinskaya inowanzorimwa), ndiye dzinokatyamadza mumaruwa. The chaizvo bhuku kwakawedzera huru zvinokwezva. nharaunda yayo mvura pose 15 m². Iri simba, anotyisa chitubu voklyuznogo mhando asingagari -oma kunyange munguva yechando.

Burtinskaya inowanzorimwa kunoonekwa sechinhu chiero Preduralsky steeply raiiswa, nemumakomo nharaunda. Nzvimbo nechipiriso Mupata-danda, mezhsyrtovo-mupata, syrt-Upland mamiriro enzvimbo mhando.

Nemiti inowanzorimwa akataura nhamba zvinoera uye gornostepnyh edemikov akadai Ural clove, Astragalus Guelma, scratchy gornokolosnik uye nevamwe.

State Natural Reserve "Orenburg" muna Burtinskaya inowanzorimwa anoramba vamiririri vazhinji kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. A chaiyo siyana uye pfuma fauna of siyana. Vanowanikwa pasi vanenge 120 eshiri, kusanganisira 51 mhando nesting kwaMidhiani. The kupfuura zvinowanzoitika vamiririri vanoonekwa shoma bustard, inowanzorimwa gondo, demoiselle kondo, kestrel, belladonna, tsvuku-dzakaparadzana norukodzi, harrier, dema Grouse.

Pakati mhuka vakawana 24 rudzi: squirrels, marmots, loafers, hamsters, voles, pikas. Pakati zvinokambaira zvinogona kucherechedzwa inowanzorimwa mvumbi uye deveteve hamba.

Historical uye matongo nzvimbo anoramba

Mundima kuvigwa murwi, raiva pamberi Sarmatian netsika VII-III emakore. d. n. e. The Monument iri rwenze pedyo Mueldy Ongororo chiratidzo "420,9 m." Zvinonzi inoumbwa mirwi yokurwa 13, vaviri vari kunyanya guru kusvika nekukwirira 2.5 M dhayamita uye 40 M Other pazvikomo anenge kufanana :. Height pamusoro 0,8 M uye dhayamita 10 kusvika 20 m.

Talovskaya inowanzorimwa

Nzvimbo yacho iri pamusoro muruwa munzvimbo First, uye ndokwenguva nzvimbo 3200 hectares. Up kusvikira 1988 rakaitirwa kune usinganyanyi zvigare mabhiza, makwai nemombe. Uyewo, pane yezhizha yokupakira remakwai pedyo izvo kudzikisirana zvinomera uye ivhu kuwanikwa.

Relief bani siyana chitarisiko, iyo yakaumbwa kunyanya Mesozoic. Modern mhando nzvimbo yakatorwa panguva Quaternary nguva pasi pokudzora denudation pezvakaitwa kuti akaita kuwedzera mundima.

Achigadzira matombo anotura kwese tertiary gungwa sesaline That. Dzakachengetedzwa nzvimbo riri kuchinja kubva chernozem kune rima Chestnut nevhu. Pazuva zvinyoronyoro mawere uye watersheds vaigona kuumba svikiro-calcareous nevhu.

Orenburg hunhu kuchengeterwa akasiyana inowanzorimwa Talovskaya zvakaneta yakatanga hydrography. River network vanomirirwa chete duku inoyerera. Ndicho panotangira nzizi uye Malaya Talovaya Sadomna, mukati kundima, havana kuramba tichiwana. Uyewo hapana kuratidzwa pasi.

Talovskaya inowanzorimwa chinhu chiero Zavolzhskaya-Ural steppes. Patemberi nharaunda kuumbwa syrt-plakor, undulating interfluvial uye mupata-mhando girder.

Historical uye matongo sezvivako mugove

On nharaunda pane murwi kuvigwa, inonzi ine Sarmatian tsika. Rinogona kuwanikwa kuchamhembe-kumuganhu wokumavirira kwenzvimbo pachiyero 198,9 m. Ichi dzakasiyana matongo ukoshi, izvo zvinosanganisira kuchengeterwa "Orenburg".

Director of kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo

Order of Minister of Natural Resources uye Ecology wenyika munyika 19 August, 2013 wechikafu kuchengeterwa kwave akasarudzwa Rafil Talgatovna Bakirov. Ichi chinhu chikuru nyanzvi, miteva, weDare UN inowanzorimwa chirongwa panguva remunharaunda vanochiva shamwaridzana purofesa, mukuru zviri pamutemo dhipatimendi yeko Agricultural University, iyo collaborates Reserve "Orenburg". Bakirov akasiyana kufarira kubudirira mabasa vepachokwadi. Ko yokusafa professionalism uye hariperi simba, saka kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo zvichaita chete kubudirira.

Orenburg State Reserve ari mumaoko akanaka. Hapana mubvunzo kuti professionalism uye zvokutsaurira wekambani itsva. With basa zvichiitiswa kuchengeterwa anogona kuwanikwa vezvenhau. Ivo pachena dzinongoitika pezvakaitwa kuitika inowanzorimwa, zviitiko kwezvakatipoteredza, makwikwi, rokubudisa uye pakushambadzira. Nokuda ichi hunhu kuchengeterwa kunokwezva vashanyi vakawanda.

karwendo zvirongwa

Kana iwe vanoshanyira rakasiyana zvisikwa anoramba vanhu kwete chete tinyatsoziva yokukosha kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu nzvimbo kudzivirirwa. Pavaifamba, vashanyi munogona kuona fragility ukama ayo, nyore destructible achifuridzirwa murume.

Kusvika panguva kuchengeterwa anogona kuenda kuburikidza mana inodzidzisa uye anodzidzisa karwendo pakutengeserana. Izvi "Wose World" Trans-Urals, Trans-Volga nharaunda, kumaodzanyemba Urals, Urals.

mhuka

Reserve "Orenburg" ane fauna of riri vaiona zvakafanana nokuti nzvimbo vemo. It chinomirirwa anotevera mhando inowanzorimwa mhuka:

• Lun.
• Kestrel.
• Belladonna.
• Bustard.
• Lemming.
• Slepushonki uye zvichingodaro.

Orenburg Reserve, mhuka uye zvirimwa izvo pasi chaiyo kudzivirira, rinewo siyana hunhu Deciduous dondo wongoramba. mbeva ichi European tyoni, chamatebwe, yokuSpain, kestrel, hunde-njiva, Grouse, Scops Owl, matanda njivavarungu. Uyewo, ari kuchengetedza nzvimbo yaigarwa vamiririri Semi-mugwenga, kunyanya-refu rine nzeve tyoni, shiri duku. Dzimwe nguva pane rakajeka mumiririri achinaya mvura marudzi - chando zizi.

Modern mhuka ndima iri siyana uye yakati akapfuma. Pano dzinoturwa mhuka - anenge 48 marudzi, shiri - 190 mhando goroondo - 7 Mhando amphibians - 5 mhando hove - 6 marudzi, 1,000 marudzi nezvipembenene. Orenburg Reserve, ane pikicha iri pasi apa, kufudza yose mararamiro.

Nokuti mhuka dzinosanganisira mhando manomwe Mbeswa, 23 - nemakonzo 3 - zviremwaremwa 9 - dzinodya dzimwe 4 - artiodactyla, 2 - lagomorphs. About 15 marudzi emhuka idzi mune zvose nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa mapazi. Pakati pavo, marmots, pasi squirrels, voles, mbeva, lemming, Birch mbeva, inosvetuka, gava, mhumhi, tsuro, nembira, polecat, Chidembo, Korsak.

Flora

Reserve "Orenburg" ine mhando anopfuura 600 kungova chirimwa nyika. Nhamba iyi anenge 40% of uwandu mhando kasvisto kukura zvose pamusoro mumunda. Basa guru zviitiko pakati pavo kuti vari panjodzi. Mune Red Book munyika Classified 23 marudzi zvinomera. Mazhinji ezvinhu kasvisto kuti kurarama kuchengetedza nharaunda, kureva gomo-inowanzorimwa Petrophytes semuenzaniso kopeechnik serebrolistny, clove Ural, Astragalus Guelma, Silene Bashkir.

Reserve "Orenburg" ane yaikosha nyika yedu. On Ndima yayo vakakwanisa achengetedze yakasiyana zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza gadziriro yacho inowanzorimwa rokufambira Upland nharaunda. Inyika iyo hakuna mwoyo uye kunetseka, umambo zvakasikwa uye kuwirirana, izvo zvinokosha kuchengetedza.