Rakajairika protozoal noutachiona

Shoko rokuti "majemusi" kubva pashoko rechiGiriki "protos", zvichireva kuti "kutanga" uye "zoon" zvichireva "mhuka". Saka ushe nyore zvipenyu akaonekwa Earth pakati rokutanga. Pasinei zvepakutanga hunhu mamiriro avo uye anokosha, boka guru zvisikwa duku izvi kunoita vanhu nemhuka zvinouraya protozoal noutachiona. Vamwe vanhu vanova utachiwana tusingaoneki kuburikidza yavo mhosva, nekuti havasi kutevedza kuchena. Asi pane nyore, vakadzidza dawo wacho achibatsirwa nedzimwe mhuka - umhutu, nhunzi, mites uye vamwe, kuti vaponeswe kubva ikaruma havasi zvinogoneka nguva dzose. Tinopa kwemashoko akazara pamusoro chii vari zviratidzo chirwere, nzira kurapwa uye kudzivirira.

Morphological nyore asian

Total munyika mune mazana mhando majemusi. Protozoal Zvirwere kukonzera vaya chete dzakashandisa parasitic mararamiro. Majemusi anogara zvikamu zvose zvenyika, uye kwose kwose: muvhu, nemvura, mudenga, mune mamwe zvipenyu. Vose ine chete sero rimwe chete, izvo yakaomerera zvose zvinokosha okunze. Most kungoti anoziva kufamba, ane chinorura uye reproduces kwete chete weboka nyore, asi pabonde. Parasitic mhando mukufamba shanduka zvakakura uye yabatanidza nyika dzakasiyana-siyana kupinda munzvimbo yayo chayabata. Saka, vaya infest ari nhengo ari nemudumbu, rinoshandiswa kazhinji muviri nzira. Muchiitiko chino, vakuru kana dzavo cysts kubuda wehondo zvakavapoteredza (the mutsvina yadzo, weti, mate zvishoma), nekwavanogara imwe nguva kusvikira nokudyidzana-waiita nzira (kuburikidza nemaoko tsvina uye chikafu) haangaiti kuwira mugamuchiri itsva. Majemusi, tupukanana muropa, kufambisa akatambudzwa wacho tichibatsirwa ropa-yakayamwa nezvipembenene. Kunewo tupukanana, akazvisarudzira pabonde kupinda nzira pahondo itsva.

Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa majemusi

The Kuwanika uye kudzidza nhasi Utachiona protozoan zvirwere kuti anotevera zvirwere:

- amebiasis;

- marariya;

- giardiasis;

- toxoplasmosis;

- leishmaniasis;

- akarara kurwara;

- babesiosis;

- Chagas chirwere;

- trichomoniasis;

- balantidiasis;

- sarcocystis (kunyanya inobata mombe);

- isosporiasis;

- cryptosporidiosis.

Ngatikurukurei rakajairika vaya uye kutanga intestinal rine zvakafanana etiology uye zvokurwara.

amoebiasis

chirwere ichi chinonziwo amebic nemanyoka. Huchaita kuti mamwe notupukanana anogona kurarama chete pamunhu. Protozoal Zvirwere izvi mhando chete kunogona kubva ane kare kutapukirwa munhu. Amoebic nemanyoka inoremekedzwa yechipiri chinzvimbo mazita zvirwere zvinouraya. Kakawanda zvikaitika apo okunze rapisa uye azere nzvimbo dzisina utsanana. Cysts tupukanana ari faeces dziri panze (pasi, mumvura) apo vanogona kurarama kwevhiki dzinoverengeka. Munhu wacho mutsva vanowana zvokudya, mvura. Kutakura chirwere kuti zvigadzirwa zvingaita enhunzi, mapete nevamwe "shamwari" munhu. Kamwe ari ura, cysts kuparadza anoshongwa dzavo ndokuiswa dumbu rinenge vachashora ulceration uye kunyange necrosis. Dzimwe neropa, vanogona kuuya dzimwe nhengo dzakadai chiropa. Murwere ane pamusoro vhiki pashure zviratidzo infestation:

- abdominal kurwadziwa;

- tembiricha;

- utera;

- manyoka (dzimwe nguva neropa uye madzihwa).

Pasina kurapwa, chirwere unogona kwaramba, iyo inotungamirira perforation ari intestinal rusvingo, peritonitis nezvimwe matambudziko.

Chirwere rinoitwa kushandisa colonoscopy, Ultrasound, PCR. Nokuti kurapa aishandisa zvinodhaka "Metronidazole" kana "Tinidazole".

Kudzivirira protozoan zvirwere intestinal, kusanganisira amoebic nemanyoka, runosanganisira kunyanya pakuchengetwa rucheno uye utsanana. Zviri fanira kuti vanoda:

- asati Kushandiswa kuvidza mvura nemvura rakashama;

- ruoko utsanana uye muviri;

- Wash zvibereko, michero, miriwo, akaronga rinodyiwa nevanhu;

- achiparadza zvipembenene - chirwere vectors.

Uyewo, kuti kudzivirira kuitisa kuongorora zvose vashandi vanoshanda yaigadzira zvokudya, uye ari pachoto, apo hosha akawanikwa, ubudise disinfection zvakakwana.

giardiasis

Protozoal Zvirwere dzinoiswa sezvo intestinal, uye zvinosanganisira chirwere. Zvinonzi anokonzerwa Giardia. Kusiyana notupukanana vanogona chakasvitswa vanhu kubva imbwa, katsi, nemakonzo, umo naivowo vari parasitic. The zvinokonzera chirwere, sezvinowanzoita pamwe amebiasis, muri kushaya utsanana uye utsanana. Giardia parasitic chete ura diki, uye kugara gobvu muchimiro cysts kuti faeces asunungurwa kunze. In kwezvakatipoteredza vanorarama kupfuura mwedzi. All protozoan intestinal noutachiona vane uwandu nevakawanda zviratidzo - abdominal marwadzo, lethargy, kurukutika, manyoka.

Kana giardiasis akawedzera kwavari kuda kurutsa, sema dermatitis, dysfunction pamusoro biliary turakiti, uye manyoka anogona kwenguva ne zvechizarira. Ropa chetsoka rinowanzova kwete, asi madzihwa vave varipo.

Chirwere pamusoro giardiasis rinoitwa kushandisa fecal kuvapo imwe chikofu.

Treatment rinoitwa mumatanho:

1. Kubviswa Kuchaitwa toxicity uye kuzoita bowel chaitika.

2. Use "Trichopolum" kugadzirira "Tiberal" uye tupukanana akafanana vanoparadzwa.

3. Kusimbisa kutapata, zvokudya, mavhitaminzi uye probiotics.

Prophylaxis kuti giardiasis inyaya utsanana, utsanana, uyewo kuongorora vanhu, kunyanya vana, vari chigaro chinotakurwa Giardia.

cryptosporidiosis

Pane kudaro zvaizivikanwa-siyana, asi kune ngozi chaizvo protozoal zvirwere. Mumwe wavo - cryptosporidiosis kunokonzerwa majemusi dzemhuri Cryptosporididae uye zvinogona kukonzera rufu. Vari utachiona nemumuromo-kuonana, uchishandisa mvura untreated nenzizi, madziva, kunyange aqueducts, asina kushambwa michero kana miriwo, uyewo panguva neshure. Nokuti cryptosporidiosis pachiwi chikuru, kuti incubation nguva runogara kusvika vhiki nhanhatu, dzimwe nguva kusvika mwedzi, uye huru chiratidzo kwakakomba manyoka. Uyewo, varwere vari yakati:

- svoto kuti kurutsa;

- fivhiri;

- marwadzo mudumbu;

- nokugwinha;

- Zviratidzo zvokusava nemvura.

Vanhu vane yakakwirira zvirwere chirwere chinogona kuitika pasina zviratidzo, asi ivo vari vatakuri tupukanana.

Cryptosporidiosis zvinotungamirira pfungwa nomuviri zvemwana asati, cholecystitis, cholangitis, kunokanganisa mapapu, dumbu uye rwatata. Ideal rinoreva chaizvoizvo anobatsira vane chirwere kusvikira kunokudziridzwa.

Kudzivirira ndiko sanitization kwezvokudya, mvura, mukaka pasteurization, chenjerera utsanana.

Zvirwere protozoal intestinal, hadziwanzowaniki

Izvi zvinosanganisira balantidiasis, inova chaikonzera ciliate Balantidium coli, uye isosporiasis anokonzerwa majemusi yacho genus Isospora. Ciliates Balantidium coli vanogara nemudumbu yenguruve, ane zvingaratidza kusava. In womunhu vachibva mbishi nyama kana kuburikidza chaiwo nokuti intestinal noutachiona zvose. The chikuru zviratidzo chakasimba siyana balantidiasis vari manyoka, abdominal marwadzo, fivha, zviratidzo kudhaka. In kuchinja chirwere kuva chirwere chimiro kuratidzwa zviratidzo kwakaderera kana ivo zvachose, asi munhu anova mutakuri nayo utachiona.

The nyore izospory zvakasikwa zvakapararira zvikuru. Vanopinda muviri ivo alimentary nzira. The incubation nguva chinoshanda kuna vhiki imwe nehafu, pashure iyo chirwere kunotanga acutely. Murwere ane fivha, kurutsa, manyoka, yakanyanya abdominal marwadzo. In HIV-utachiona isosporiasis anogona kukonzera rufu. Treatment rinoitwa inorwisa utachiona yomuchipatara "Fansidar", "metronidazole" uye vamwe.

marariya

Pane zvakakomba protozoal zvirwere, mishonga asingasvavi nguva dzose kuguma zvinobudirira. Rimwe zvirwere izvi - marariya. Gore negore, zvinokanganisawo vanhu mamiriyoni 300, zvinenge 750,000 tife. Zvinonzi inoparadzirwa marariya-vakatakura Umhutu panguva yakayamwa ropa pavo. Pane nemarariya pasi pose, kuwedzera kumatunhu waitonhora kwazvo, tembiricha yakaderera dzinokanganisa umhutu. Plasmodium falciparum ropa akapinda chiropa, apo ivo vane tarenda basa kutanga kuwanda nokuda nyore kupesana. Imwe chisvetasimba anogona kupa 40.000 itsva zvipenyu! Kuvadaidza merozoites. Izvi zvinoitika nokuti murwere pasina zviratidzo. Pashure pemavhiki anenge matanhatu majaya merozoites kusiya chiropa uye kupinda ropa. Pano vari kurerekera masero matsvuku eropa uye kutanga pathogenic basa. Muchiitiko chino, akati:

- fivha

- anodzimaidza nomusoro;

- chills;

- kurutsa;

- nokugwinha;

- dzimwe nguva kurasikirwa pfungwa;

- kupererwa neropa;

- ischemia;

- yavaive mu weti hemoglobin.

Kwemakumi emakore, marariya kubatwa Quinine. mishonga mitsva, akadai "Artesunate", "Amodiaquine", "Kotrifazit" "Mefloquine" Ndiani akagadzira uye nevamwe. Vamwe vavo kushandiswa kwete chete nokuda kurapwa asiwo dziviriro. Malaria mushonga, zvinosuwisa, kwete.

toxoplasmosis

Uyu ngozi chaizvo protozoal utachiona, kunyanya vana. Kukonzera ayo nyore Toxoplasma gondii. Panobva chirwere zvakawanda kwazvo (pamusoro 180 rudzi), zvipfuwo uye mhuka. Maererano neWHO, toxoplasmosis utachiona hafu yevanhu. chirwere zvikonzero vari:

- Kushandisa kunge kupatsanurwa nyama, mazai, mukaka;

- kuonana dzinovaraidza vanorwara;

- maoko akasviba (pashure kushanda nemhuka utachiona);

- intrauterine hutachiwana;

- ropa uye / kana transplantation zvomukati;

- zvevana vabereki - vatakuri zvigare.

Zviratidzo zvacho zvingasanganisira:

- tembiricha;

- nomusoro;

- kurutsa;

- kuremara;

- maronda akawanda nadzo uye hurongwa.

Toxoplasmosis kunoitika muna maviri siyana - chakasimba uye chisingaperi, uye anogona kunge vachiberekwa kana vawana.

The fungidziro nokuti vacheche murombo zvikuru, kuti kuponesa upenyu hwavo nevamwe kunowedzerwa kurapa. Vamwe kurapa haina zvaida, sezvo rikwanise chimiro toxoplasmosis anomhanya pacharo.

babesiosis

Izvi protozoan chirwere chinobata vanhu nemhuka. A mutakuri nayo utachiona vari mites. zviratidzo:

- yakakwirira tembiricha;

- fivhiri;

- wakakurisa chiropa uye chirwatata.

Mhuka vanoratidza rakapinza kudzikira, manyoka, kupatira, kupfupika mweya, ropa weti, mukaka rinovava, makwai aborted pamuviri. Rufu pakati pemhuka kubva babesiosis - 80%.

Muvanhu, chirwere anogona kuva vanyoro uye kwazvo siyana. Treatment rinoitwa kugadzirira "Beren", "Albargin", "Akaprin" uye vamwe.

Kudzivirira protozoal zvirwere kutakurwa ropa-yakayamwa tumbuyu, riri kunyanya kuparadza avo, uyewo kubaya.

Zvigwenzi zvirwere

Uyezve, pane kwakapararira protozoal zvirwere chirwere munyika mishomanana. Ivo vanogona kurwara, enda pazororo kana kubasa. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzinopisa Africa zvakafanana anonzi akarara kurwara, izvo mubayiro vanhu tsetse nhunzi. Pashure wake wokutanga nokuruma zviratidzo kuoneka pashure pevhiki 1-3. Zvingava nomusoro uye kurwadza kwemajoini, fivhiri, kuvaviwa. Mumwedzi mishomanana munhu ane chiveve, kuvhiringidzika, nekuvhiri- ngika iri kufamba. Mabatirwo akarara mishonga kurwara chete.

In Latin America, pane mumwe dambudziko, rinonzi Chagas chirwere. Uyai kuna vanhu kana vachikisana notupukanana kuti zvinoparadzira majemusi marudzi Trypanosoma cruzi. Symptomatology zvakawanda chirwere sezvo anogumbura pezvakaitwa kuitika zhinji nhengo: mwoyo, chitaka, tsandanyama, uropi uye musana, uye chinopedza kuchinja nhengo hazvisi kusingarapiki. Hosha rinowanikwa mumatanho maviri. Nokuti pakutanga kunoratidzwa kurwadziwa mudumbu, muchipfuva, tsandanyama muviri wose, mwoyo kukundikana, fivha, kupfupika mweya. Wechipiri kuti ruzhinji vanayo asymptomatic, asi vamwe Zviratidzo kuvadza huta, zvomudumbu uye zvemwoyo nehurongwa.

Kudzivirira protozoal uye kutapukirwa noutachiona

Majemusi chirwere muzvinhu zvakawanda zvakafanana utachiwana hweHIV. Saka, vanenge mhando dzose fivha (nedengue, yellow, West Nile, Karelian) kukonzera nemavhairasi siyana uye muvatakure kubva utano kune Umhutu vanorwara. Chimwe zvakafanana inotakura majemusi, uye mavhairasi - pamuShuramiti, iyo inoruma zvinogona kukonzera encephalitis. Aizivikanwa vazhinji vedu rotavirus anopinda muviri wacho, kana asina akabvuma nemitemo utsanana.

Sezvo nzira utachiona protozoan tupukanana uye mavhairasi havasi zvikuru akasiyana, kuti zvikurukuru zvakafanana uye kudzivirira protozoal uye kutapukirwa noutachiona. Wavaiona A. T. vari pamwe chete GM uye Eshtokin Abdusalamov FM yakabudisa bhuku umo akarondedzera zhinji chirwere, fungal, helminthic chirwere. Uyewo rinotsanangura sei kuvabata uye sei kuti uzvidzivirire kwavari. Chinhu chikuru kuti unofanira kutevera nguva dzose uye zvose, - utsanana uye utsanana. postulates Ava chipingamupinyi dzevanhu tupukanana zhinji. Matanho pamusoro zvirwere, zvinoparadzirwa nezvipembenene, ndiko kuparadzwa kwavo uye kubviswa dzinogarisana. Asi kubaya - ichi ndicho chakanakisisa kudzivirira chirwere pamusoro izvo muviri hwapedyo kutapata.