Purogiramu yehupfumi yeRussian Federation: nhoroondo yekuumbwa

Iro penheji yenyika yeRussia Federation inogara ichivandudzwa pasinei nehutongerwe enyika munyika. Ruzivo rwekutanga pamusoro penhepfenyuro yevagari veRussia inodzokera kumashure pakati pezana remakore rechi17, apo varwi vakakuvadzwa vakagamuchira mari yekubhadhara kwechiremba. Izvo zvakanyanya kukuvadza kukuvadzwa, mukuru wepensheni inobatsira.

Panguva yekutonga kwaPetro Mukuru, kutarisira kwevakakuvadzwa nekukuvara kwakasimbiswa nekuti ivo vakaedzwa saizvozvo kuronga kuti vanogamuchira nzira dzekuvapo kwavo. Mabasa epanguva yacho aifanira kuita kuti hurumende ipe rubatsiro kune vanhu vakaremara kubva mubhajethi yehurumende. Purogiramu yepensheni yeRussia mumazuva iwayo inongowanikwa kuvarwi nevashumiri vehurumende. Gare gare, Catherine II akagovera mari kune vashandirwi vebasa rehurumende kubva kubhadharo yehurumende. Pakati pehafu yezana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe, vashandi vezvigadziri vega vakazokwanisa kutsigira kupa pensions kune vagari venyika.

Mutemo wakatanga kushanda, izvo zvakaita kuti varidzi vemigwagwa yega voga vaite mabhuku ezvinyorwa zvakabudisa mararamiro ehutano uye nekuda kwekuregererwa kubva kubasa pamusoro pekuremara. Cash yakawanda pahofisi yebhokisi pazvinodhura kubviswa kubva mubhadharo yevashandi pamabhuku avo ega. Paakagamuchira chirwere chekurwara kana kukuvara, mushandi wacho akagamuchira chikwereti chakawedzerwa munhoroondo yake. Iyi nzira yakagamuchira zita re inshuwarisi, tk. Kubviswa kwake kubva kumubhadharo waiva inshuwarheni kana akashaya basa.

Mushure mekuvandudzwa kwegore ra1917 , mumakore gumi mapurogiramu eRussia yeRussia achinja: mitemo nemirairo pamusoro pemari yepensheni yevas servicemen, pakubhadhara mari yepensheni kune vashandi nevadzidzisi vevashandi, pakusarudzwa kwepensheni yepamberi yevadzidzisi vemusha uye guta rakabudiswa. Kukura kwekubhadhara kwakange kusingamiri pane zvemari chete, asiwo pamusana pekushanda kwebasa, nehukuru hwekuumbwa kwemhuri yemushandi wekubata basa.

Panguva imwecheteyo, mugore ramakumi maviri, purogiramu yepenheni yakashandurwa kuva hupenyu hwehutano inshuwarheni. Yakateerera zvinotevera: kubva muhuwandu huwandu hwenyika, hwakatangwa pamutengo wekubviswa kwemitero kwebhizinesi dzose, mari yakagoverwa zvese zvinodiwa zvehurumende, kusanganisira mari yepensheni. Imba yepenjeni yakadaro yakanga iripo kusati kwasara kweSoviet Union, asi muna 1991, apo nzira dzekutengeserana dzekutarisira hupfumi hwakaonekwa, dzakarasikirwa nekodzero dzayo nemikana.

Kusvikira muna 2000, nyika iri kuderedza kuberekwa kwekuzvarwa, kukwidza mitengo yezvinhu zvinodiwa zveupenyu hutsigiro. Iyo nhamba ye data yakaratidza kuti muna 2010 kusvika ku2015 nhamba yevakasiya mari ichapfuura nhamba yevaduku vanotanga basa ravo. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kushayikwa kwenyika munyika kuitira kubhadhara kune zvakakosha. Nokudaro, pensheni yeRussian Federation yaida kuongorora, kufungisisa, kugadzirisa zvakare. Yakasarudzwa kuti iite shanduko yepenheni kuitira kuti iwedzere pensions. Zvakanga zvakakosha kugadzira muenzaniso iwoyo wekuti vagari vemunyika yose vaive nechivimbo chekuti mari yake yemazuva ano ndiyo gwaro rekuchengetedza mari yake, kuti kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwezvipo kune mari yepenjeni, mari yehupfumi yemangwana irikukura zvakare.

Pension reform, iyo yakashandiswa kubva muna 2002, ine nhanho mitatu: hurumende inobhadharwa yevanhu , kuchengetedzwa kwehurumende kwezvikamu zvose zvevatapi venyika uye zvimwe zvisiri zvematongerwo enyika. Mashoko pamusoro pemuenzaniso uyu anogoverwa pakati pevaRussia vanogona kutanga kuumba hukuru hwavo kwenguva yakareba vasati vatora penhesi, kuti vawane mari yekubhadhara mari pamwedzi maererano nezvinodiwa.