Proportional nesarudzo maitiro: kunzwisisa zvinokosha nesayenzi enyika

Tikafunga mubvunzo inongogara tawirwa sarudzo vanhu vakawanda kuti chinhu Proportional nesarudzo gadziriro? Chinetso ichi refu kurega kungova Encyclopedic zvakasikwa, kuenda ndege mukuru pamwero inoshanda. Saka zvine musoro kuti ape maitiro zvinoratidzwa nesarudzo muitiro uye kuziva ayo uye zvaasingagoni.

Proportional nesarudzo maitiro: nevamwe unhu

Kana uchingoda nekutaura musimboti ichi mhando chesarudzo, ipapo zvingaita sokuti sezvinotevera: kuva voter mavhoti kuti mufananidzo uyu kana kuti zvematongerwe simba. Uye ichi ndicho anoratidza kuti majoritarian womuenzaniso mhando iyi. Asi rondedzero yakadaro inoda achiongorora zvaive. Saka, chikuru zvaiva Proportional mhando vari:

1. Kusavapo unrecorded mavhoti.
2. A rakananga kuwirirana pakati chikamu mavhoti ukakandwa musarudzo uye chikamu zvigaro mu akasarudzwa mitumbi.

Izvi zvinhu zviviri kusarudza pachayo iri nesarudzo muitiro. Kutaura zvazviri, mumwe mugove munyika kana yose nyika iri maruwa multi-nhengo umo munhu wose akasununguka kusarudza kwako political kufarira simba naye. Panyaya iyi, vakasanangurwa ndivo mapato, kufamba, shamwari, zvinogumbura, asi mumuviri chete dzaitaurwa ndandanda vakanyoresa vanhu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti dzakabudirira democracies iri Proportional sarudzo mamiriro anogona pachena "netlist" uye "akazvimirira mazita". Muchiitiko chokutanga, tichibatanidza mauto enyika vari kuenda sarudzo sezvo yakabatana mberi, pasina chaiyo chaizvo ndiani kumiririra vari nhengo. In rechipiri - the Proportional nesarudzo ezvinhu achibvumira sarudza kana mumwe chete (akadaro ezvinhu ndizvo kuti Belgium kana Switzerland).

Kazhinji, kuti nesarudzo muitiro pasi ino sezvinotevera: kuuya polling yemapurisa, voter anopa vhoti yake chete imwe bato. Mushure kuverenga mavhoti, enyika simba anowana nzvimbo dzakawanda mumuviri, iyo rinoenderana kubva muzana yakawanikwa iri musarudzo. Uyezve, nhamba zvigaro dzinounzwa maererano ndandanda vakanyorwa pachine, pakati nhengo enyika masimba. Majana zvigaro kunoitika chete idzodzo zviitiko apo munhu asingakwanisi nemhaka mumuviri kana nomutemo zvikonzero kushandisa masimba.

Kubva izvi zvose tinogona kugumisa kuti Proportional nesarudzo gadziriro - of nesarudzo kwacho, umo mumiririri nevanovhota vovhotera kwete dzakananga vanhu chinokosha, asi simba rezvematongerwo enyika. Uyewo zviripo kuyeuka kuti nharaunda umo musarudzo kuitika, yakakura multi-nhengo maruwa chete.

Proportional nesarudzo maitiro: zvakanakira nekuipira

Kungofanana mhando dzose nesarudzo muitiro, kuti hurongwa ane zvakanakira nekuipira. Zvikomborero zvinofanira kusanganisira chokwadi chokuti Proportional nesarudzo hurongwa hunoita kuti kusangana Zvinosarudzwa nevanovhota, uyo akasarudza kuti azivise zvaanoda. Muchiitiko chino, uine pacharo pasina voruzhinji, kufungisisa chete kuda ruzhinji.

Asi chinokosha zvakaipira ino zvinosanganisira chokwadi chokuti voter mukapa kodzero kuvhota kuti mufananidzo uyu kana kuti zvematongerwe simba, pane imwe munhu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pane iyi, pakaita inogona kuvakwa pamusoro aikwanisa ari mutungamiri (sezvo zvakaitika Somuenzaniso, muGermany muna 1933). Kana izvi vakauya simba vamwe vanhu vanogona kuva vasingazivikanwi zvachose nevanovhota. Saka Proportional nesarudzo hurongwa hunoita kuti kukura "kunamatwa unhu" uye, sezvo zvakaita kuti mukana achichinja kubva autocracy kuti democratic hurongwa. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi sehwakajairika pamusana Implementation pakati nemitemo chokuti pasava.

Naizvozvo Proportional nesarudzo ezvinhu - mukana nomazviri kufungisisa pfungwa yose munzanga, kurarama imwe chikamu nyika kana zvose pamusoro nyika.