President reSiriya Hafez Asad: Biography, mhuri

Hafez al-Assad (October 6, 1930 - June 10, 2000, Dhamasiko) - reSiriya wezvematongerwe enyika, "Baath" Bato Secretary General, kuti Prime Minister weSiria (1970-1971) uye mutungamiri wayo (1971-2000).

mavambo

Hafez Asad, ane Biography akatanga mumusha Kardahe muna Latakia mudunhu, akaberekerwa mumhuri rwevharanda Alawite rechitendero. Vabereki vake vaiva NASA uye Ali Suleiman al-Assad. Hafez aiva repfumbamwe mwanakomana Ali, uye wechina muchato wake wechipiri. Baba vakanga vana gumi uye aizivikanwa simba rake uye marksmanship.

mhuri Assad kunobva Suleiman al-Vahhisha, sekuru, Hafeza Asada, uyo aigara hwokumusoro makomo muSiriya mumusha Kardahe. Veko remadunhurirwa izvozvo Vahhish zita, iro rinoreva "chikara" muchiArabic. Panguva World War First, hweOttoman mubati Vilayet Aleppo Kardahi akatuma mauto munzvimbo mitero uye kupinda muchiuto kuti vatsva. Vakanga vakundwa Boka vanhuwo zvavo inotungamirirwa Suleiman Al-Vahhishem, kunyange zvazvo vapanduki nezvombo vakanga chete minondo yekare muskets.

Hafez Asad aigona kuva kudada baba vake Ali Suleymanom, uyo akaberekwa muna 1875. Sezvo anoremekedzwa pakati veko, iye vaishora French basa weSiria pashure World War First. Assad remadunhu- ake, rinoreva "shumba", akaita zita rake muna 1927. Kwekuvepo kusvikira 1963, aiva nomukana kuona zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika kuna mwanakomana simba guru munyika.

Childhood nemakore kudzidza

Pakutanga Alawites akashora rakabatana reSiriya mamiriro, nekuti vaifunga kuti nyika vashoma vavo chinzvimbo kuvatendera kuitora akakodzera nzvimbo. Uye baba vake Hafez vakatsigira mashoko aya. Apo French akasiya weSiria, vaSiriya vakawanda usavimba rutsigiro rwavo Alawite kare kuti France. Hafez Asad Alawite akasiya ake chizvarwa musha uye akatanga dzidzo yake nemakore mapfumbamwe ari Sunni Latakia (Sunnis ndivo huru dzechitendero nenzanga vechiMuslim vose, chechipiri pakukura ndiyo nharaunda Shiites, Alawites uye izvo abut nenzira yechitendero). Ndiye wokutanga mumhuri yake kuenda chesekondari, asi muna Latakia Assad nemiedzo kuratidzwa vechitendero utsinye nokuda Sunnis. Hafez Assad aiva shasha mudzidzi, iye akunda mibayiro zvinoverengeka nokuda zvedzidzo kubudirira makore anenge 14.

Inotungamirwa political maonero

Asad vaigara murombo vakawanda Alawite mugove Latakia. Kuti huchikanganiswa yemamiriro manzwiro kumativi, aifanira kusarudza kuti kutsigira bato anenge rakagara richidudzirwa akagamuchira Alawites. mapato Ndivo reSiriya Communist Party, Syrian zvemagariro nationalist bato (SSNP) uye Arab bato "Baath". Assad akabatana zvapedzisira muna 1946, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe shamwari dzake aiva SSNP. Party "Baas" ( "Revival") vakabatanidzwa pfungwa pakusika rakabatana Arab ezvinhu ane mugovanisi dzidziso.

Start zvokuita yebato "Baas"

Assad akanga achishingaira bato iri murongi masero mudzidzi, "Baas" uye agitator nokuda pfungwa iri Baathists ari murombo strata pakati Latakia uye mumisha yakapoteredza Alawi. Vaisada hama vaMuslim, vakanga vachitsigirwa vapfumi uye kuchinja mhuri vaMuslim. Kuchikoro yake yakakwirira takadzidza zvinobva vapfumi nevarombo nzanga. Hafez Asad rakanyatsojeka zvakasikirwa kwaari kubatana varombo, kusvikira Sunni Muslim Youth veboka "Baas", iro vaishora nenhengo Kuhama vaMuslim. Panguva iyoyo Sunnis vechiduku vakawanda vakava shamwari dzake. Vamwe vavo vachava papera uye ake nevatsigiri enyika.

Paakanga achiri muduku zvikuru, Assad akava akakurumbira zvikuru munyika bato sechinhu murongi uye recruiter, aiva mukuru Baath dare vadzidzi chikoro kwake kubva muna 1949 kusvika 1950. Panguva yake basa enyika kuchikoro, akasangana nevanhu vakawanda vanomushumira, paanova mutungamiri.

uto basa

Muna 1950, Hafez Asad mashizha chikoro. Iye anorota kuva chiremba, asi nekuda repfumbamwe mwanakomana mhuri haisi mari kudzidza. Just panguva ino, wechiduku reSiriya Republic vakatanga kuumba mauto avo nezvombo pachavo, uye musikana enyika abayirwa kuenda yemauto chikoro muguta Homs. Akabvuma, asi nokukurumidza akatamisira kuchikoro ndege mu Aleppo, yaakanga kudzidza muna 1955, vakagamuchira chinzvimbo refutenendi of muSiriya Air Force yokutanga. By gore rino, zvinoshanda muchato wake Mahluf Anicet uyo akava shamwari yake chete upenyu.

Panguva iyo neSuez dambudziko, Assad akanga vakananga kuIjipiti sechikamu boka vezvikepe uto mukutsigira President Nasser vari kunetsana pamwe United Kingdom uye United States kwayo. Muna 1957, izvozvo rwunotumirwa USSR kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe-Kurovedza unyanzvi mumwe third-17 anofambisa.

Muna 1958, pasi pokudzora nationalist pani-Arabists yakaumbwa sezvo chikamu United Arab Republic weSiriya muIjipiti vachitungamirirwa Gamal Abdel Nasser. Assad akashora mubatanidzwa, nokuti akaona kuti Syria pokutanga mairi vatyora. Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti Baathists vakawanda zvakabviswa rinoitirwa iyi, Assad akaramba ari muchiuto uye akagadzira basa.

Pashure dzakatevedzana the zvechiuto yakatanga ichiputswa mubatanidzwa veSiria neIjipiti muna 1961, uye ipapo pakanga nevapanduki March 8, 1963. Maererano migumisiro webato "Baas" akaumba hurumende, kutanga mugovanisi kusanduka, uye Captain al-Assad, yave chinoshingaira ubatanidzwe zviitiko, nokukurumidza akaenda kukwidziridzwa.

Akanga kusimudzirwa kune makuru uye ipapo wevarwi, uye pakazopera 1963, akatungamirirwa reSiriya Air Force. Pakazopera 1964 akagadzwa wehondo Air Force pamwe pachinzvimbo chevatatu Major General. Assad akapa neropafadzo Air Force mukuru, vakagadzwa proxies aro inokosha mbiru dzose uye akasika anobudirira akachenjera basa Air Force, rwakazokura yakazvimirira nevamwe uchenjeri masangano muSiriya. Iye kufanorongwa marongero, kunze wenharaunda yaitongwa the Air Force. Assad ari achigadzirira kuti chinoshingaira kutamburira simba.

Pamukwidzwa yapurezidhendi

Muna 1966, pashure zvemauto akabvuta chigaro, izvo haana kuchinja mune zvematongerwe kosi yacho, akanga agadzwa Minister itsva Kudzivirira weSiria, rwakazokura Hafez Assad. Pashure pokukundwa iri ari Six Day War muna 1967 Israeri, hurumende reSiriya rave vazvidzisa. Nepo of facto mutongi weSiria akanga Shera Jadid, uyo akanga pamutemo ari pambiru Deputy Secretary General webato "Baath".

Pakutsvaka wake simba Assad kutanga kwakaitwa muna 1968 mudyandigere kudzorwa Jadida Prime Minister Yusuf al-Zuayina, uye muna 1970 akabviswa uye pachake Jadida, uyo akasungwa uye akaramba ari mutorongo kusvikira pakufa kwake muna 1993.

Muna 1970, mumwe mutsva Prime Minister weSiriya - Hafez Asad, uye kubva muna 1971 uye mutungamiri (ake apiwa sarudzo rakaitwa 1978, 1985 uye 1991.). Dzimwe mutemo, akaramba rapfuura wokuti rapprochement pamwe USSR uye pavanotaurirana pamwe US uye Israeri. Asi nezuva Kippur War muna 1973, weSiria akakwanisa kuwanazve chete chiduku chikamu Gorani Heights, inogarwa Israeri kubva 1967.

Hafez Assad - President

The chikuru Shongwe simba rayo rakanga hondo uye ungwaru mabasa. Akaedza vashandure nyika uye kusimbisa simba rayo rehondo. Zvisinei, kuedza kwake kwakaita kuti kwandakaita ruzhinji vechiArabhu nyika munharaunda uye kuti dzakawanda voga. Asi apo Assad akapa enyika kugadzikana weSiriya kokutanga kubva kwayo rusununguko. Kana Assad hurumende iri paRebhanoni chaizvoizvo Kudzora reSiriya hwagadzwa muna 1976, iyo akamisa hondo yevagari utsinye uye aizotambudzazve Israeri. Islamists nehama Muslim nechisimba anodzivisa Assad hurumende, asi dzisabudiswe muna 1982 munguva kumukira yavo, rinozivikanwa wazvakaitika muna Hama.

Munyika maiva raidudzwa kunamatwa unhu mutungamiri, vakanga yakaiswa ayo yakanyungudutswa dzendarira nechepakati akaenzana namaguta makuru munyika. Posters pamwe asian ake akashongedza pamadziro zvezvivako.

In wokutanga Gulf War pakati Iraq uye Iran kuti 1980-1988. aimutsigira Iran ari Persian Gulf War kubvira 1990 kusvika 1991, akatora mugove Anti-Iraq mubatanidzwa. Kuma1990, Assad akatendeukira kuna West uye kuchinja inoti Arabia kuti zviite hurukuro rugare naIsraeri, izvo, Zvisinei, vakakundikana.

Family uye kutevedzana

In Hafez uye Anisy Asadov aiva nevana vashanu, vana vanakomana uye mwanasikana. The dambudziko vanakomana vatatu kwakanga kuchirwadza: vaviri vakaurayiwa uye wechitatu akaremara yehondo. Panguva imwe hondo, akaurayiwa uye murume Asad mwanasikana.

The chete vakapona rake yakananga vazukuru, - mwanakomana wechipiri, Bashar al-Assad. Zvaaiva mwanakomana uye mutsivi Bassel akafa muna 1994 mutsaona yemotokari, ipapo akava mutsivi yababa vake sezvo purezidhendi weSiriya. To-gore 34 okuberekwa Bashar al-Assad aigona kutanga this post muna 2000, bumbiro yave zvakananga dzakachinja kuitira kuti shoma zera kuti purezidhendi akawira kubva 40 kusvika 34 makore.