Pope John XXIII: migumisiro yebasa

The Pope - zvepamusoro chinzvimbo Catholic nyika, ndiwo musoro anooneka Chechi, yebhaibheri uye dzakafuridzirwa chitendwa. Kupiwa yakakwirira mamiriro tsvene papa uye panguva imwecheteyo musoro wamambo Vatican State, vose vakafuka ichi mukuru rokuremekedza, anogona kunzi unhu hunoshamisa zvechokwadi. Asi kunyange pakati chechi Mateteguru hwainyanya kunoshamisa vanhu, izvo kare achayeuka nokusingaperi.

Izvi zvinogona zvisingarevi zvakawanda kunzi Pope John XXIII. sarudzo yake pachigaro chaiva dzinouraya, vanyori vezvakaitika kare vachiri kuudza nhoroondo yeRoma munguva pamberi Second Vatican Council, paKokorodzano naJohane XXIII, uye nguva pashure.
Akachenjera uye chakayerwa mutemo chave Kwemitambo Patriarch kudavira kwevanhu musimba guru, muna kunaka uye kururamisira. Hazvina kutenda uku kwechokwadi akatosvika akavigwa pasi kusingaperi nevanhu vechitendero, mitemo akafa kururama uye nedzidziso yechinyakare.

Biography mutsvene asati sarudzo yake kwebasa raPapa

Pope John XXIII, munyika Andzhelo Dzhuzeppe Roncalli, uyo anobva murombo, hombe murimi mudiki mhuri. Akaberekerwa kuchamhembe kweItaly muna picturesque mupurovhinzi Bergamo muna 1881.

Nechekare mumakore okutanga kudzidza muchikoro dzematunhu chepuraimari murimi muduku akanga achigadzirira kupinda pachikoro. Achibatsirwa mupristi womunharaunda, mukomana akadzidza Latin. Iye zvinobudirira kudzidza pachikoro muna Bergamo muna 1900, uye makore mana gare gare, uye Theological mano Pontifical Seminary muRoma. Muna 1904 akagadzwa kuva mupristi uye akava munyori kuna bhishopi D. Radin Tedeschi. Akadzidzisawo kare chitendero zvakafanana upristi Bergamo.

Panguva World War First akashanda muuto somunhu wezvokurapa akarongeka muchipatara, zvadaro uto Mufundisi. Muna 1921, Andzhelo Dzhuzeppe Roncalli aiva nhengo Sacred Ungano yokutenda.

Pope John XXIII: nedzenyu basa, Nunciature, rugare

Roncalli kubudirira sezvo papa mumiriri (nuncio) Uyewo zvakakodzerwa kutarisirwa. High kushivirira, njere uye erudition mumwe Wenyika kwakamubatsira kuti abudirire kukurukura nevanhu vakasiyana vezvitendero, zvitendero uye tsika. Akataura kuti vanhu havafaniri kutaura mutauro Dzidziso, mazano akanaka uye taboos, uye mutauro kuremekedzana, kuteerera pfungwa dzakasiyana, kubvuma kuvapo anoverengeka chokwadi muzita kunaka uye runyararo.

Panguva yeveubhishopi kubva muna 1925 kusvika muna 1953, akanga nuncio muSofia, Ankara, Atene uye Paris. basa rake nedzenyu razvertelas mumakore akaoma, dzakanga achiperekedzwa nezviito nemauto, kumukira, kuchinja hurumende, etc. Akabatsira kugadzirisa murugare kusawirirana panguva dzakasiyana-siyana mumatunhu - .. From zvitendero michato enyika chivande.

Uye muna 1953, Roncalli akasarudzwa bhishopi Venice, Cardinal.

John XXIII: kutanga basa

sarudzo Pope muna 1958 havana nyore uye vakanga vaine imwe administrative dambudziko yeRoma Curia. Kurwira pambiru yemadzitateguru mukuru inoitwa kunyanya pakati mumisasa vaviri vafundisi-kuzvikudza uye "progressives." Mumwe nomumwe aiva yayo kukwikwidza, asi hapana munhu asina kupiwa wandei mavhoti zvakakwana.

Pakupedzisira, musi rwakapoteredza yechi11 conclave akasarudzwa Pope Roncalli, "bhiza rima" pakati vafundisi vamhan'ari. Akava mukuru papa kusarudzwa panguva (akanga ana makore 77 okuberekwa.) Roncalli vakasarudzwa papa zita John XXIII. akakurumbira kamwe pakati vanotiza zita iri raiva rudzi "chituko". Vasati kuti, 550 makore hapana pontiffs kusatsaurira zvechitendero zita John sezvo tichivenga Johani XXIII Balthazar Cossa - Antipope - saka aizviti. Asi Roncalli akasimbisa kuti anosarudza zita iri kuremekedza St. Ioanna Predtechi uye mupositora Ioanna Bogoslova , uye pakuyeuka baba vake. Akaramba hwepedyo nevabereki vavo, hama nehanzvadzi maitikiro ose Ecclesiastical basa. Patriarch akatiwo kuti John XXIII (Antipope) aisava pamutemo Pope, se "mitemo" panguva Western Schism, waiva wakaipa mutadzi, uye akanga asina kodzero kupfeka zita iri dzvene.

Nesananguro Pope John XXIII aiva akaita kumanikidzwa danho, kana hapana chikuru Vakwikwidzi vakakundikana kuwana mavhoti zvakakwana pakati vafundisi. John XXIII Baden aiva "Transitional papa", uyo aifanira kutonga kusvikira Catholic Church haana kusarudza wokupedzisira weboka Pfungwa (kuchinja kana mberi). Zvichida vamwe muchinangwa Mutongo vafundisi vakaridza uye kuti John Kutonga vaisagona kugara refu, nekuti akanga atova nemakore 77 okuberekwa. Asi chokwadi, iri "unopfuura Baba" akava kanosvota ndeuke munyika yechiKristu, kupfuura proactive chirungamutauro nguva yake. Munguva pfupi pontificate wake, akakwanisa yokusuma yakawanda inokosha kuchinja.

Pope Church Kuita

Sezvo chiremba rechiuto, ipapo nuncio, John XXIII akaona, akanzwa uye akata- dzinopesana chokwadi, akasangana wakakunzwa nezvinetso zvamagariro, kutaura nevanhu zvitendero zvakasiyana, vamboona yakawanda kufa, kurwisana, kuparadza. Munhu anonzwisisa sei vanhu chinoenda kuburikidza hondo yakaoma uye makore akadhindwa hondo yapera kuparadza: urombo, zvirwere, urombo. Uye aiziva kuti tsitsi, rudo, kunamata zvinonzwisisika chokwadi, akadai kunaka, kururamisira uye nokutenda nani - zvanzi vanhu vanotarisira kubva chechi, kwete kugara canons, nevanhu, kunamata pamberi kumadzibaba.

Baba aiva anokwezva zvikuru nomumwe, akaenda Vatican pasina navaranda, haana kushandisa nzvimbo yake kusimudzira mhuri kana shamwari mune zvematongerwo enyika uye zvechitendero yeChina. Haana kuramba kusangana pamwe vatenzi kana vashandi chinonwiwa mumugwagwa. Asi pasinei eccentricity yakadaro, akanga akatendeka kuna mutemo waMwari.

Akaziva kuti chokwadi mirayiro yaMwari kunogona kuunza vanhu chete kana pakubata vaKristu mumutauro wavo, kuteerera vanozvidzora mafungiro evamwe, nokuremekedza vatendi.

Akabvisa genuflection, tsika kutsvoda pakati chindori akarayira kubviswa kubva duramazwi flowery mashoko mhando "glubokochtimy muromo" uye "The Monk Matanho".

Baba akazarura chechi nyika. Kana, mune mazera ose uye yokutanga yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, yeRoma aishamwaridzana authoritarianism, pashure kwake ushe, mamiriro ezvinhu zvasvika kuvakafa pfungwa. Kereke yakaramba kuhwina shure kiyi enyika, pfungwa basa, asi nesimba vafundisi yakaguma kuva inviolable.

Kuwedzera kune pedyo Inter-vezvitendero nhaurirano, Johani XXIII - World Baba - rakatanga mutemo mutsva kugadzirisa vamiririri zvitendero zvose zvisiri zvechiKristu. Wakaparidza misimboti kuremekedzwa kwavo mhepo tsika, tsika tsika, tsika, magariro mafungiro.

Wakatanga akabhadhara kushanyira Jerusarema, hwakataurwa ruregerero vaJudha kwemakore akawanda okutambudzwa, mhirizhonga, Anti-Semitism. New papa hurumende yakabvuma kuti navaJudha kuti rufu rwaJesu Kristu hakusi kwechokwadi, uye itsva utungamiriri Catholic haana kubatana navo.

Pope John XXIII akazivisa kuti vanhu vose vanofanira kubatanidza nyika, kutenda yakanaka yakanaka kuremekedzana, chido kuponesa upenyu hwevanhu, pane kuvimbika kuna canons. zvichida Ndiye wokutanga vose vakuru Vatican akabvuma kuti hazvina kukosha, mutauro chii chiri kuitwa basa chechi, ungano kumira kana kugara. Padre saka mune nenguva uye akanaka akaita kuti tifunge kuti kereke, pane pakuyananisa vanhu vave nani uye zvakawanda rinopindirana, zvimwe vavhiringidzwa dzavo uye anokamura, ichijekesa kwokutevera chaiyo pamazita tsika dzechitendero kuti vasiyane nerimwe sangano: kodzero kubhabhatidzwa, kukotamira nemazvo uye kuzvibata vari Church.

Akati: "Muna tsika Church chechi kunodzora stale musty mhepo, unofanira kuvhura hwindo zvishoma vakwanise."

The Second Vatican Council

Pope John XXIII zvakazara yakakanda anotarisira kuti vafundisi uye Curia yake kwazvakarerekera ushe yokuzvininipisa, mukati memazuva 90 mushure rokurwa kwebasa raPapa, Papa akaratidza chinangwa chake kuungana chinhu Ecumenical kanzuru. The Zvakaitwa akanga asiri vafundisi achibvumirana. Vakati kuti kusvikira 1963 zvichava nyore kugadzira uye sheedzera Council, panguva Pope akati wakanaka, ipapo gadzirira 1962.

Giovanni Kunyange asati Church akaziva kuti akanga kenza, asi akaramba ngozi kushanda nokuti aida kurarama kuona musi chaiwo apo pakuvhurwa Cathedral kukumbira vakatendeseka vanhu kukumbira rugare, mutsa uye tsitsi.

Chinangwa Church kwaiva kuchinja Kereke ano, kuita shamwari, nhaurirano, uye zvichida kubatanidzwa weDhipatimendi vaKristu. Panguva Cathedral vakanga vakokwawo vamiririri Orthodox nharaunda wokuGreece, Russia, Poland, Jerusarema.

Mugumisiro Vatican II, uko kwakaguma afa Pope John XXIII, aiva kuitwa bumbiro idzva anofudza "Joy uye Hope", apo nzira itsva dzidzo dzechitendero zvadzidzwa, rusununguko kutenda uye mafungiro machechi dzisiri dzechiKristu.

Results uye Kukoshesa of

True akanaka chokupika ari Pontifex Maximus aigona kufungidzira vateveri vake makore mashomanana gare gare. Asi vose achaunganidza aunganidze pamwe nezvinobuda kwake, zvirokwazvo vakamirira zvinoshamisa musanganiswa manzwiro kuti chinhu chakanga vava kuda rinofadza uye kushamisika. Pashure pezvose, migumisiro mabasa Pope vari inobata.

Unogona kunyange kutaura kuti akaramba kuchinja nyika Catholic kwemakore akawanda pashure pokufa kwake. Pauchadzidza ake chinouraya, Pope John XXIII pakavanda kugadzirira mutsivi wake Cardinal Giovanni Battista Montini, uyo akava Papa itsva pashure John apedza Church wechipiri uye akaramba guru dzakanaka dzatenzi wake.

Anozivikanwa enyika European, kusanganisira Samuel Huntington, akasimbisawo basa wekereke iri kukura munzanga remakore rechimakumi maviri. Kunyanya chii basa muchinangwa muitiro uyu Pope John XXIII, migumisiro basa papa ichi chikuru zvakare vakanga akaratidza kukura hweruzhinji pose.

Sv yangu "basa" pfupi pachigaro choushe Catholic Papa rakapa 8 chaiwo papa magwaro (encyclicals). Mavari, akaratidza idzva maonero Catholic Church iri basa mufundisi ari muvanhu mazuva ano, amai, rugare, mberi. November 11, 1961 vakapa encyclicals "Asingagumi Uchenjeri Divine", iro vakaratidza mafungire pfungwa isu ecumenism - kubatana dzidziso vsehristianskogo. Akateterera Orthodox uye nechiGiriki Catholic dzechiKristu "hama".

Pope Giovanni XXIII ukama kuti gutsaruzhinji

Kunyange John XXIII akadana "Papa Worugare" kana "Red Pope" nokuda kwake kushivirira mafungiro akananga mugovanisi nyika uye chido dzika kuti "chitendero gutsaruzhinji" imwe mhando. Akasimbisa kuti abatsire vanhu vose zvinofanira kubva kodzero, nezvido uye mabasa mumwe munhu, asi anodzorwa tsika uye Ecclesiastical dzemunharaunda. Shepherd akataura kuti iri hwaro agadzirise matambudziko munzanga rinofanira kubva nenheyo yakawiriranwa rubatsiro uye Humanism. Akataurawo vachida rusununguko rwokusarudza wokupupura, nokuti kuzvidzora Kuziva mikana yakaenzana vanhu venyika dzose.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvinhu uye rechiKomonisiti maonero ipapo nguva dzose yakatsvairwa parutivi neChechi yeRoma sezvo vemanyepo. Pope John XXIII akaratidza uchenjeri kusingaenzaniswi, kutsigira nedzenyu ukama Cuba, Soviet Union, sezvo akakodzera mutongi Vatican mamiriro. Panguva iyoyowo, akasimbisa kuti chero nyaya haadi kugamuchira Musiki maonero, uye pane chete Catholic wechokwadi uye "muranda waMwari". Asi panguva imwe chete chokuita National maonero vose vagere panyika. Uye rinonyanya basa kuremekedzana uye achishivirira kudzivisa kurwisana uye hondo.

Muhurukuro yake pakupemberera, John XXIII akadana mukuru uye anokosha zvakanaka kwenyika munyika. Panguva yokutonga kwake Vatican akarega kuva pevatongi, atadze, akatendeka tsika akafa sangano, uye kukava imwe Ecclesiastical sangano yakavimbika, azadzwa nomudzimu sverhneytraliteta.

April 11, 1963 Pope rakapa encyclicals "Rugare Pasi Pano", iro rinotarisa Social Affairs, ndokudana kudiwa nhaurirano pakati Socialist uye capitalists, uye pfungwa kuti hapana pfungwa kuzvipokanidza kuti hazvigoni kugadziriswa, kana tikaita zita rugare uye kururamisira.

Vanopikisa inozowana papa John XXIII

Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti vavengi John XXIII Baden uye havazokwanisi chokuunganidza, nekuti panguva sarudzo yake, papa chancery kudhakwa tinyatsonzwisisa zera rake uye utano. Wedzera izvi kwayo zvematongerwo enyika enyika uye shiviriro endemic. Akaonekwa sezvo yakadaro Statement akwegura mumaruwa isä nemhuri murombo, eccentric mutana, hunhu hwakanaka picky. Asi vafundisi vari conclave iri kurerutswa chaizvo nekusimba kwake kutenda uye kushingaira kusikwa mabasa akanaka.

Initiative, iyo chapapa vakanga zvakanaka yakagamuchirwa yeKaturike of "nyika rechitatu", asi Roma uye Vatican vafundisi vakagamuchira vazhinji zvinhu, kuisa izvozvo nounyoro, nezvemurume.

More kuti chechi sangano kwagara "zvakasimba kwaye." Uye chete Pope John XXIII akatanga abolition vazhinji chechi uye inokudza se "kutura" chiremera vafundisi vechiKaturike. Vazhinji okutsutsumwa vakataura vashumiri Vatican raMwari, Mutsvene Office.

Pokufa papa, canonization, canonization

June 3, 1963 akafa, Pope John XXIII. muviri Pope kwakaita akaomeswa pakarepo panguva Catholic University of Sacred Heart Jesu Gennaro minnow uye akavigwa grottoes St. yaPetro Basilica.

Nhasi, dzasara Padre zvikachenge- imwe sekristaro mubhokisi chechi St. yaPetro Cathedral muRoma. Muna 2000, Pope John Paul II akaita rakava wayo mbiri mugadzi kune beatified, uye muna 2014 vaviri vakanga vachinzi vatsvene. The Catholic Church anokudza kuyeuka Pope Giovanni XXIII, zororo rukudzo wake 11 October.

A firimu pamusoro Pope John XXIII

In zvakakwana tendai kunozivikanwa Papa Giovanni XXIII, nokuti mupiro wake kukura yokutenda, runyararo uye mutsa wose anogona, kana uchiteerera zano rake, akatora matanho zvishoma kune nokuzvidzora kukura uye vakanaka. Asi nokuda pamwero mukuru nzira kutenda papa mabasa ake anogona kunzi firimu "John XXIII. The Pope worugare." Firimu rinotaura pamusoro 2002 Dzhuzeppe Ronkalli, kusanganisira ake ouduku muna Bergamo, kuchikoro, chechi basa uye basa papa choushe. Izvi zvinoshamisa ratinoona Italian firimu vanotungamira Dzhordzhio Kapitani Zvimwe zvinoratidza nevakwegura, unhu waPapa, kuzvipira kwake nevatambi ouduku, rusununguko, yakawiriranwa kushivirira uye kubvumira.