Polytechnic Museum muMoscow: mazendo, maitiro

Kwemakore anopfuura 250, nyika yedu yave iri umwe wevatungamiri mumunda wesayenzi yenyika. Munguva ino, zvakawanda zvakawanikwa uye zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa mukati memasvingo emayunivhesiti eRussia mundima dzakasiyana-siyana dzakashandura hupenyu hwevanhu munyika dzose. Kuti uzive vanhu neinokosha uye inofadza, muna 1872, Polytechnic Museum yakavhurwa muMoscow. Chikonzero chekuunganidza kwake chakanga chiri zviratidzo zvekuratidzwa kwakarongwa mukukudza kwema 200 yemakore ekuberekwa kwaPeter Mukuru, mambo, uyo akaita chikamu chikuru mukushandurwa kweRussia kubva kune imwe nyika yekunze yeguruva mune imwe nyika ine hupfumi hwekugadzira uye hupfumi.

Nhoroondo duku (XIX yezana remakore)

The Polytechnic Museum muMoscow, kana, sezvakange yakanzi iyo, Museum of Applied Knowledge, pakutanga yaiva muimba yechinguvana pa Prechistenka Street. Muna 1877, akatamira kune imwe chivako chakakonzerwa pakero: Lubyansky Proyezd 4. Zvisinei, mumakore makumi matatu anotevera, basa rokuvaka rakaenderera mberi, sechikonzero chemapapiro maviri akaonekwa pedyo nechepakati: kumaodzanyemba uye kumaodzanyemba. Kunyange zvakadaro, kunyange mumakore aya, basa rekushingaira rekudzidzisa rakaitwa mukati me museum uye hurukuro dzakapiwa nezvidzidzo zvesayenzi seJablochkov, Mendeleev, Timiryazev, Zhukovsky nevamwe.

Polytechnic Museum muMoscow muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi20

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yokutanga, vashandi vazhinji vechirongwa ichi vakaenda mberi, chirwere chakagadzirirwa muimba yacho pachayo, uye mishonga ye X-ray iyo yaiva chikamu chetsananguro yakatanga kushandiswa semidziyo yekamuri rairasiyo. IOctober Revolution yaiva inokosha inokosha munhoroondo yeiyi tsika netsika. Kunyanya, mumakore ekutanga mushure mekugadzwa munyika yeSoviet simba, iyo Polytechnic Museum muMoscow yakava dambudziko rekupikisana kwezvematongerwe enyika.

Zvisinei, tsika dzakarongedzwa nevakasika dzakaramba dzichiita basa guru kune vashandi vake. Vachionga kuvimba kwavo, vakakwanisa kuchengetedza zvakawanda zvezviratidzwa, izvo zvakagamuchirwa nehutongi hutsva semafungiro evamwe. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, kurasikirwa kwakange kusingagoni kudziviswa, kusanganisira pakati pevamiriri vevamuziyamu, avo vakadzingwa, vachifungidzirwa kusavimbika kune hurumende yechikomunisti.

Muna 1930, musamamende yakaronga misangano nehupenyu hwakadai seNiels Bohr, Leon Feuchtwanger, pamwe chete nemasimba-Chelyuskin nevatyairi vepachikepe vaValery Chkalov, avo vakaita chishamiso panguva iyoyo isati yamira ndege kubva kuUnited States kusvika kuNew York.

Mumakore ekutanga eGreat Patriotic War, Polytechnic Museum muMoscow yakavharwa nekushanyirwa, asi kare muna 1944, iyo yekare yaimboshanda inodzorerwa ikoko.

Nhoroondo ye museum kubva muna 1950 kusvika muna 2000

Kukurumidza kukura kwemazano eesayenzi anoshandiswa kwemazuva ekupedzisira-hondo kunotungamirira kumusana kwekutsvaga kwezvinhu zvitsva uye zvikamu zvakapiwa kuunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya, polymer chemistry uye cosmonautics. Muna 1991, iyo Polytechnic Museum, iyo mafurati haana kumborega kuzivikanwa kunyange mumakore akaoma zvikuru enyika, yakabatanidzwa pakati pezvinhu zvakakosha zveRussia netsika yemagariro nemutemo weMutungamiri weRussian Federation.

Moscow Polytechnic Museum muzana remakore rechi21

Mukutanga kwema 2000s zvakava pachena kuti nzira itsva yaidiwa zvose zvekugadzirisa kwekutsanangurira uye kusangana kwekufambisa. Zvisinei, makore ekutanga emireniyamu itsva yakanga iri kure nenguva yakanakisisa yehupfumi hwenyika, iyo yakanga ichiedza kuedza kubva kune inopera dambudziko. Uye chete muna 2010 mazuva ano akatanga, uye muna 2013 chivako chakavharwa kuvakazve. Iko Polytechnic Museum haina kumisa basa rayo, sezvo mari yayo yakaendeswa kunzvimbo dzenguva pfupi. Kunyanya, nhasi mamwe mazviratidziro ayo anogona kuonekwa paVDNKh, padilion nhamba 26. Uyezve, masayamu emusitamende, kusanganisira raibhurari yake, inoshanda munharaunda yeZIL Centre, umo University of Children, Lectures uye Scientific Laboratories iripo.

Polytechnic Museum paVDNKh

Vaya vakatoshanyira chimiro chitsva chinoshanda muPaullion Nhamba 26 vanoti nhasi ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzinonyanya kukosha muMoscow kune avo vose vanofarira zviitiko zvekupedzisira mune sayenzi uye teknolojia. Kutarisa nekuongororwa, vadziri venzvimbo yechinguvana yekuisa chikamu chekuratidzwa kwePoltechnic Museum vakaita basa rakakura ndokufunga nezvechiitiko chakanyanya kufambira mberi chevamwe vekuEurope vashandi. Somugumisiro, pakanga pane maitiro akaisvonaka ekuratidzira, apo munhu wose anokwanisa kunzwa semutsvakurudzi achiita kukosha kwesayenzi inokosha.

Inonzi Polytechnic Museum paWorussia Exhibition Center inoshanda pasi pechirevo chokuti "Russia iri kuzviita", uye kujekesa kwayo kunonyanya kuzvipira kuvasayendisiti vekumba uye kubudirira kwavo kwesayenzi.

Zviitiko zvePavilion Nhamba 26 paVDNKh

Apo mushanyi anouya ku Polytechnic Museum paVDNKh, ipapo mune imwe imba yekuratidza iye anosangana nemitungamiri. Asi ava havasi vakwegura vakwegura vakadzi kana vakadzi vakanyanyisa venguva iyo vaiperekedza vaenzi kune chivako paNova Ploshchad. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kuratidzwa uku kwakagadzirwa nekambani yekugadzirwa kwekombiki, uye kunyange maerekero aripo anobatana. Saka, kana mushanyi achida kuteerera mashoko pamusoro pechikamu kana nezvekuratidzwa, zvakakwana kuti iye amire pane imwe denderedzwa yakagadzirirwa masvikiro. Mukuwedzera, pedo nemahwindo ndiwo mahwendefa, uchishandisa izvo iwe unogona kudzidza zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofadza.

Kuratidzwa

Vaya vakashanyira musangano wekuMusamende kuNyaya Ploshchad vangave vasina kumbocherechedza kunyara kwebhomba renyukireya rakaiswa ipapo pamatanho. Asi mune zvitsva zvitsva paVDNKh akapiwa nzvimbo huru. Uyezve, pamire pane imwe nzvimbo yakakosha, iwe unogona kunzwa zvimwe zvezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nekuputika kwenyukireya: kusimba kwakasimba kubva kunotyisa, mhepo inopinza yemhepo, nezvimwewo. Muimba imwechete, vashanyi vanokumbirwa kuti vanyore zvavanoda pamapurani emapurani, ayo muJapan anomiririra kurangarira Vakaurayiwa nebhomba reHiroshima neNagasaki.

Kunyanya kufarira kune vashanyi ndiyo chikamu chepakati, apo cosmonauts yakagadzirirwa uye iwe unogona kuona kushandiswa kwezvimwe zviongorudzo zvakaitwa paIS, zvakadai se hydroponics. Mukuwedzera, vanhu vanogara vachinakidzwa nemashoko ezuva nezuva ehupenyu mukufamba, uye nzvimbo chete apo munhuwo zvake anogona, semuenzaniso, ona kuti imba yega yega inotaridzika ndeye Polytechnic Museum. Ongororo zvakare inokurudzira kushanyira chikamu che "Illusions", chinosanganisira holograms yakasiyana-siyana, pamwe nefirimu ye 3D inopfuura makore makumi mana.

Chii chokuratidza vana?

Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, nyika dzakawanda dzatanga kuvhura museum-rudzi rwekudzidzisa zvikoro zvevana, vane chinangwa chikuru ndiko kuwanda kwesayenzi uye kuwedzera kwekufarira mukati mevana vechikoro. Kuongorora kwevashanyi uye Muscovites vanosimbisa kuti itsva Polytechnic Museum muMoscow, iyo mifananidzo isingagoni kupa mufananidzo wakazara wehutano hwakasiyana-siyana, ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisisa muhombe yekushanyira nevana. Zvakakosha kushanyira zvikamu "Analogues of Nature", "New Anthropogenesis" uye "Kunze Kwepasi". Mukuwedzera, musamuziyamu nguva dzose inoronga mabasa akasiyana-siyana evana vechikoro, kunyanya munguva yezororo. Muchiitiko ichi, vabereki vanofanira kufungisisa kuti kuchengetedzwa kwezviratidzwa mumamisheni emamamziyamu, kugara kwekushisa kwe-golden degrees kunochengeterwa, uye vana vanofanira kuunzwa kupisa kunopisa kwenguva refu.

Price list

The Polytechnic Museum kuMoscow (chinyorwa chinobva parivha yenguva pfupi paVDNKh iri pasi apa) yakasununguka pakushanyirwa kubva Chipiri kusvika kuSvondo kubva 10:00 kusvika kusvika 20:00 (Muvhuro izuva rinopera). Mutengo wokupinda kwevakuru ndeye 300 rubles, yevadzidzi nevateresi - 150 rubles. Kune veterans, invalids, vana vaduku nezvimwe zvikamu, musamuziyamu haubhadharwi.

Ongororo

Kana uchiri kukanganisa kana zvakakosha kutarisa kuratidzwa kwenguva pfupi kwePoltechnic Museum kuVDNH, verenga kuongororwa kwevashanyi uye Muscovites mumasangano akasiyana-siyana. Iyo yakawanda kwazvo inorayira kuti varege kuzvidzivirira pachavo nevana vavo zvemufaro wekuziva zvakavanzika zvepasi rakapoteredza mune imwe nzira isina kujairika, kusiyana nenzira iyo ruzivo rwemasayenzi echisikigo runowanikwa muchikoro chirongwa.

Maererano nehuwandu munhau, iPoltechnic Museum mumusangano wayo wekare inotangazve muna 2017. Ngatitarisirei kuti kuvakwa nekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano zvichamubatsira, uye iye achava imwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzenyika iyi panyika.