Polyhedra mu akitekicha. Architectural siyana uye zvitaera

Urban nzvimbo - nyika geometric nezvishoma. Tarisa. Kwose kwose simuka kunokudzwa prism. Dzimwe nguva maziso asati ngapaonekwe piramidhi simba. Kuno chikamupenyera katyamadza catchy Platonic uye Archimedean nezvishoma. Architectural chivako voruzhinji - polyhedra, uyewo avo nyore uye dzakaoma mubatanidzwa. Uye ichi hachisi zvinoitwa nguva yedu. Saka kubvira kare kare. The geometry uye vanhu vanoda kunyaradzwa, runako uye kuzvidzora okuti zvitungamirire mitemo.

Geometry muna Architecture

Science uye uri akasvika muruoko kubvira makarekare nhasi ruoko. Geometry uye mapurani pamwechete akatanga, akakudziridza uye nani kubva nyore dzinogarwa hurongwa uye dzisina mitemo kuti nounyanzvi ounyanzvi uye mitemo yakajeka. Simba, nokunaka uye kubvumirana chivakwa nguva dzose akapa geometry. akitekicha mitemo yayo guta racho wakashamwaridzana zvinodiwa uye kufunga munhu.

Rectangular mamiriro wakatsiga uye ichiita mabasa akawanda, saka mumigwagwa vanopfuura vamwe. Pyramid muduku kwavari kushanda, asi vanotarisira zvaitoshamisa. Vakanga yakavakwa asina mhosva. Platonic uye Archimedean miviri, vanhu vava netsika rakasanganiswa mapurani siyana. Pamasikiro zvivako, anotora chimiro polyhedra - kazhinji, munhu rakaoma. Asi iwe uri kukosha. Naizvozvo, ezvivako vakaedza zvikuru kubata nawo. Somugumisiro, kusika nyika ounyanzvi. Saka, Ngationgororei chimwe nechimwe munhu yoga muenzaniso.

kurudyi prism

Prism - vakawanda polyhedra mu mavakirwo guta ripi. Izvi duku "Khrushchev," mukuru-simuka zvivakwa, uyewo hombe nhurikidzwa dzakawanda. Muenzaniso mumwe kurudyi prism anogona ngakuzivikanwe yose hexagonal shongwe Pirelli, chakavakwa muMilan muna 1960. Skyscraper akasiyana nezvaiitika vaya nguva kukwirira - 127 metres. Uye rine 32 uriri. Akazadzisa Zirume akapfuura kunyange Duomo, izvo panhongonya chifananidzo Madonna, izvo zvakakonzera chihombe pachena kuchema. Mushure Chivako chaiva pamusoro temberi. Kuti vamugadzirire Kusagutsikana, akagadzira skyscraper PL Nervi uye George. Ponti aifanira ungaimutsa padenga zvaakasika.

Neshongwe rakavakwa zvarayirwa yakakurumbira kambani "Pirelli", unobereka motokari matai, pazuva panzvimbo akanga fekitari yokutanga yaiva. An yakashongedzwa chivakwa ane aruminiyamu negirazi France akava chiratidzo kumutsidzirwa emari muItari hondo uye akapiwa zita kupfuura yakashongedzwa skyscraper munyika.

Oblique prism

Madrid nderimwe hapana zvishoma kunoshamisa mapurani chinhu. Tower "Gateway kuna Europe" akaumbwa prisms kurerekera, unganidzai vakamupoteredza hapana muduku vashanyi pane Pirelli chivakwa. Nhurikidzwa dzakawanda 114 metres tilted mumwe pa necheparutivi 15 °.

Ndicho ichi mapurani zvinhu rinowana zita ravo. American mainjiniya uye ezvivako F. Johnson uye George. Burgi akamedura kufanana nevechiduku zvatinosiita chimiro mukuru-simukai nezvivakwa neshongwe "Gateway kuEurope" akava wokutanga sloped kongiri vaRefaimu munyika uye rimwe zvikuru nevanhu zvinokwezva muMadrid.

nguva piramidhi

Buildings prism makwikwi kuti mapurani zvinhu muchimiro dzose mapiramidhi Zvisinei, kwete maererano nhamba uye mukurumbira. Kana tiri kusika mapurani pamuviri sechivako chimiro chakadaro, ichava chinhu rounyanzvi wechokwadi. Zvichida yose chinhu mashiripiti pakati mapiramidhi vekare vokuIjipiti, akamisira vanopfuura zviuru 4. Makore apfuura aizovigwa vanaFarao? Zvisinei, ndiani anoziva, muenzaniso uyu ndiyo "Palace Worugare uye Maererano" muna Astana, guta guru reRepublic of Kazakhstan.

Architectural chisikwa rakagadzirwa aruminiyamu, simbi uye magirazi akasikwa pamusoro pemisimboti "Golden Section Fibonacci". Zvasvikira munhu nekukwirira 61,8 metres uye ine upamhi sezvo nechigadziko. The chepiramidhi anozivikanwa elevators ayo haifambi vertically, uye Tsanga yacho yaichekwa kune pamusoro mamiriro. The yamambo kunoshanda nzvimbo musangano kuti vatungamiriri vezvitendero zvenyika uye anonzi chiratidzo ushamwari pakati akasiyana zvitendero uye marudzi. Zvingaita kushanyira munhu kudzidza tsika Kazakhstan uye nyika takawanda.

truncated piramidhi

Architectural chivakwa inogona kwete kugara mapiramidhi, asi truncated. Buildings vanotarira nokuda kwayo sokunge akavezwa misoro yakawanda akakura. Chinonzi truncated remazera Kukulkan, chakavakwa nevanhu maIndia vaMaya iri muguta rekare Chichen Itza muMexico. Nourefu wasvika 30 metres uye vaifanira upamhi - 55 It inoumbwa 9 mativi zvinogumbura, uye temberi iri pamusoro payo. To ndizvo Manera mina: mumwe nomumwe kurutivi danda. Panguva chitubu uye kwematsutso rinenge riine panguva piramidhi pane inoshamisa kuona chaizvoizvo: yakarukwa kubva chezuva mwari nyoka minhenga, uyo rukudzo rakadzikwa chepiramidhi, masiraidhi pamusoro matanho ayo. Muchirimo, iye zvinokambaira kumusoro, uye kuwa - pasi.

polyhedrons zvakadaro mavakirwo ino nguva vaiona isingawanzowanikwi. Somuenzaniso, pakuvaka Slovak Radio. It is inverted truncated chepiramidhi. The Chimiro anotarira zvinoshamisa uye, pasinei okunze murima, kunokwezva vashanyi.

nguva polyhedron

Platonic nezvishoma kana kugara polyhedra mu mavakirwo ayo chaiyoiyo muchimiro kuitikawo chaizvo kashoma. Uye ndicho kumboda hexahedron. Somuenzaniso, muna China, akavaka chepakutanga kunzwisisa Cube Tube, chikuru chinhu chiri chivako chemahofisi mu chimiro kuutio. Sako Architects Architects apedza ayo France chinhu anoshamisa uwandu mabhokisi mativi dziri yaiteverwa pamwe tenuka. Nokuda mamiriro ichi anotarira zvinoshamisa uye zvinoita hauremi.

The yepakutanga chirongwa yegomo muhotera cubic Cuboidal Mountain Hut vakapa chikwata Czech ezvivako Chivako. Huge hexahedron maererano naye ichavakwa namatanda, uye pamusoro mapuranga aruminiyamu. Solar ukomba padenga uye madziro, gadziriro mvura mvura kuchengetwa uye kucheneswa, uyewo magetsi emagetsi zvichaita kuti tikwanise kurarama mairi, pasinei kunze kwenyika. Cube anotarisa semhare block chando rakanga rawa kubva kumusoro kumakomo. Mumwe vertex nezvatinovavarira kurutivi denga, vamwe sokuti vakatsauka pasi chando. Kana chirongwa iri pretvoron muupenyu, inova kutekenyedzwa chairo.

semiregular polyhedron

Kuti sika tsika zvinhu uchishandisa buoyancy muviri (kana zvimwe semiregular polyhedra). Mavakirwo maguta siyana zvivako kwakadaro magineti kuti vashanyi. Nyatsoteerera kuna National Library of Belarus. Iye kodzero akawana mamiriro mumwe zvivako zvikuru yepakutanga zvenyika nokuda kwayo chimiro rombokubooktaedra. muviri ichi Archimedean inoumbwa 18 akaenzana uye nezvimwe zvokuridza masere. Nokuda chimiro raibhurari yakadaro kazhinji kuenzaniswa nedhaimani kana nedhaimani. Chivako kunonyanya akafanana anokosha aya apo zvakavhenekerwa usiku chiedza pamusoro payo. The chirongwa "Belarusian Diamond" akazviratidza kare muna 1980, uye kunyange akunda All-Union makwikwi. Asi kuziva zvakanga chete pakutanga pamusoro XXI remakore. The raibhurari ane 23 Mapuriro uye otonga kukwirira 75 mamita. Kuwedzera chihombe bhuku muunganidzwa uye kuverenga makamuri mukati meimba aenderane dzokuonera pachikuva, iyo inopa munhu kwazvo maonero Minsk, nzvimbo vana uye kuresitorendi.

non-convex polyhedra

Urban nzvimbo kunoda kugara chinja, saka kushandiswa polyhedra ari mapurani anova ichangobva neimwewo hunhu. Zvirokwazvo fungidziro hahuna miganhu. Architects innovators kuputsa stereotypical maonero runako zvivako kushandisa muzvirongwa zvavo zvino vasiri convex geometry muviri. All pfungwa nhema kumativi akasiyana neimwe chiso, vachibvumira kuti vabudirire zvinoshamisa kushanda.

Muenzaniso aizova Seattle Public Library. Mapurani R. Koolhaas akaedza kuita zvikuru futuristic chivakwa. Kuputswa asymmetrical mapurani siyana ane zvivakwa gumi regirazi uye simbi pajira riya haina kufanana vose vagere muguta, uye vazhinji inongova dzinoronga. The raibhurari kunyange vakagamuchira zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "huru kufefetedza mugodhi." Asi Fans kwake zvikuru. Zvakakurukurwa mavakirwo chivako akakwezva isati yamboitwa Vashanyi, vanhu vazhinji vakasvika kuitarisa nemamwe maguta uye nyika.

Polyhedra uye mapurani zvekunyanyisa

Mumwe akitekicha ine rakajeka zvinhu. Uye zvinosimbisa kunobatsira polyhedra. Wandisa Pyramid yoga simba yeIjipiti yekare. Zvino chivako, mu chimiro polyhedron, aizivikanwa yose, nyaya wokugadzira simba zvakadaro. Maumbirwe prism, rine nhurikidzwa dzakawanda, runozivisa modernism. Ivo embody pfungwa internationalism uye functionality. Enzanisa Pirelli shongwe muItaly uye MetLife Building mu America. Kugara uye semiregular polyhedra ari mapurani runowanzoitika postmodernism, sezvo anodzivisa vanhuwo zvivako dzomumaguta.

Non-convex polyhedra zvinoshandiswa mune deconstruction kuumba mitswe uye dzinoparadza siyana, kuita dissonance inofadza iri ordinariness zvivako rectangular. Architects nemainjiniya akaisa zvatinosiita zvachose pasi, kuchinja zvekunyanyisa. Asi nzvimbo yedu ichiri harisati izere rusingaperi uye kusingaperi geometric miviri, ingava chepiramidhi kana prism.