Partizan German Aleksandr Viktorovich: Makore oupenyu, Biography, mabasa makuru

Vazhinji anozivikanwa magamba partisans Hondo Yenyika II - Sidor Kovpak, Dmitry Emlyutin, Dmitry Medvedev, Zoe Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Saburov. About mabhuku aya akanyorwa, filmed anonzi uye chinhu mafirimu. Asi zvakawanda expanses Soviet Union, munyaya zviito zvechiuto muna 1941-1944, aiita zviuru magamba vane mazita vakarasika kwedu yekare kare.

Rimwe magamba izvi - German Aleksandr Viktorovich (1915-1943 gg.). Mushure vaiunganidza mafufu chokwadi, tichazvidudzira zvizere nyaya emagandanga.

A pfupi rondedzero

• May 24, 1915 - zuva rokuberekwa Aleksandra Viktorovicha Germana. Place rokuberekwa - Leningrad (zvino - St. Petersburg).
• Akapedza kudzidza, kubva chikoro-gore nomwe aishanda samakanika. Muna November 1933, akatangawo Red Army.
• 1937 - kudzidza Orel warrior School. 1940 - muChikoro Military Academy. Frunze.
• Kubva pakutanga Great Patriotic War, akashanda somufundisi Scout padzimbahwe racho North-Western Front, kana iye akagadzwa mutevedzeri mutungamiri partisan bhurigedhi ungwaru.
• Summer 1942 - pachinzvimbo chevatatu Major German Aleksandr akazova mutungamiri Chechitatu Brigade of Leningrad remagandanga.
• September 6, 1943 vakafa muhondo pedyo nomusha Horrea muPskov nharaunda.
• Mumakore ebasa akaratidza kuva vakashinga mupurisa uye unyanzvi strategist. Aiva mugove mibayiro, akanga paakanga afa paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union.

Ndizvo saka pakaoma rinonzwika nhoroondo pfupi pamusoro partisan German. Chaitevera muudzame pane zvimwe hwake.

Pamberi hondo

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, yokuGermany akaberekwa Alexander 05.24.1915, muSt Petersburg, mwanakomana Russian vokuGermany. Baba naamai vake vaiva vashandi nyore. Sasha akabudirira kudzidza makore manomwe uye akawana basa Locksmith wacho chitoro. Job ramangwana partisans Hermann pamwe kudzidza, vakapedza kudzidza College avtostroitelny.

Muna 1933 iye akanzi kuhondo, pashure Jaya anorota reuto basa, akapinda Orel Tank School. Pano akadzidza Soviet Union Constitution, nhoroondo Communist Party, nhoroondo USSR, mazano, kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, yepamusoro masvomhu. Vakapfuura tangi uchityaira kosi uye vakadzidza kurwa unyanzvi, ndakanga ndakabatikana kurwisana uye stroypodgotovkoy, kutanga simba mumuviri uye kutsungirira.

Mukupera 30-ies remakore rechi20, yemberi partisans Hermann, ane Biography inorondedzerwa munyaya, akaroora musikana Faina, vakava mwanakomana, Albert, uyo baba akanyatsoti kunzi Alyusik. Pamwe chete nomukadzi wake uye mwana, akatamira kuMoscow, mune zvaiita mufurati musi Bolshaya Dorogomilovskaya.

Muna 1940 akava mudzidzi panguva Frunze Military Academy muMoscow. Akadzidza ari yakaisvonaka. Future partisans German ari kugeza waiva kudanana, uye munguva yake ndisina nguva aifarira kudzungaira oga mumigwagwa yeguta, munhoroondo mamiziyamu.

Kudzivirira kumusha!

The hondo akamuwana ari mugore Academy rechipiri. Alexander pakarepo nyaya chikumbiro kumutuma kuhondo. Muna July 1941, akaenda kunoshanda imwe Scout muna North-Western Front.

Smart, vakanyatsodzidziswa, akashinga, Major Herman nokukurumidza akazvisiyanisa muushumiri uye paakavapa sezvakarayirwa Red Banner, izvo iye pachake apa mberi wavarwi.

Muchiuto utungamiriri vakaona wechidiki mukuru yakawanda kwaniso, uye kwakasarudzwa kuti ape iye aine partisan yokuzviparadzanisa.

Tanga partisan nzira

Muna June 1942, hurongwa gamba ino akagadzwa mutungamiri Chechitatu Brigade of Leningrad remagandanga vakaverengwa pfuurei vanhu 100. Saka akaberekwa ari kunozivikanwa remagandanga German Aleksandr Viktorovich. Maramwirwa neshure, akatanga hupenyu hutsva huzere nengozi uye matambudziko.

Mukuru mudonzvo akagadzwa mukuru Krylov Ivan Vasilevich, uyo guerrillas Herman vakava shamwari. shamwari yakanaka uye yepedyo mubetseri, Brigade Wehondo Krylov vakabatsira kutanga nokukurumidza uye sabhoteji mabasa, urongwa Kumboshanya guerrillas, njere kushandiswa.

An hunoshamisa mukuru emagandanga chikwata

Partizan Herman, uyo Biography Vatsvakurudzi kuziva nhoroondo Great Patriotic War, akava nomukurumbira somunhu akangwara, akachenjera uye akashinga wavarwi. Aiva chokuzvivanza ichi. urongwa All dzinokudziridzwa vakanga vakabudirira. chinangwa chacho, pamwe pokukundwa tactical muvengi huru, yakanga kuponesa upenyu vanhu vake, iro vaidada chaizvo. Uyewo, mauto akanga chaizvo kwazvo mutungamiriri wavo nokuda kubudirana pachena, nomwoyo wose, mutsa, kumuremekedza nokuda akatsiga ake, nehasha, kugona kuratidza hunhu uye ndichavamanikidza, kana zvichidikanwa.

Third Leningrad Partisan Brigade kushanda muna Leningrad, muPskov, Novgorod uye Tver (Saka - kuKalinin) nzvimbo. masango matematema, vakawanda madhamu uye moorland yakabatsira partisans yakavimbika uvande, shandisa zvibhakera pakarepo panguva muvengi, zvisina kuipindura pamwe Matangi inoremerwa atirari.

Asati nokubatana Third Leningrad Partisan Brigade munzvimbo idzi akatonga kutonga kwevaNazi. Mauto vakapamba veko, akavasweveredza, kutyisidzirwa uye akaurayiwa. Hero nhoroondo partisan Herman akatanga nepfungwa yokuti iye navanhu vake akuvadzwa dzakatevedzana kupwanya inovhuvhuta ichienda muvengi. In rekodhi nguva uye shoma kwevanhu nezvinhu rakaparadzwa pfumbamwe mapoka German, administrative makanzuru makumi mashanu, deflated derailed zvitima shanu Nazi Akaurayiwa yakawanda manpower uye kwemashoko muvengi.

vabudirira vakadaro akafuridzirwa kwete chete guerrillas, asi vagari vemo, vakawanda vacho vakatanga kusvika muna German kukupfura. Nokukurumidza uwandu zvikwata ayo yakawedzera kubva 100 kusvika 450 vanhu pakazopera 1942 paitova kupfuura 1,000 guerrillas, uye kuwa muna 1943 - vanhu 2500! Atova muedzo zvechokwadi simba uye nhare mweya yaiva Second World War gamba German Aleksandr Viktorovich.

Kubudirira muhondo

Herman mapoka emagandanga kunge kusunungurwa mazana nemisha kubva Novgorod, muPskov uye Tver kumatunhu. Place muguta muruwa Staraya Russa, nechepasi uye Bezhanitsy pakuzivikanwa se remagandanga dzakabatana.

Hero kuva mumwe wokutanga kushandisa mazano wavapenyu anofambisa uye vachirwisa anomhanya. Panguva basa Herman magamba?

• vaparadzwa, maererano nemagwaro, 9652 German uye vazhinji document- kwete yasimbiswa vavengi,
• sangano 44 inobudirira chitima mutsaona, apo muvengi akarasikirwa yakawanda midziyo uye manpower,
• rakavhuvhuta 31 njanji zambuko,
• vakapisa mazana dzokuchengetera muvengi,
• akaparadza 70 Township mahofisi
• 17 Vakakunda mapoka Nazi,
• anonunurwa pakutapwa uye muuranda kuba 35 zviuru vemo Soviet.

Partizan German Aleksandr Viktorovich pamwe nevarume vake vakaita zvakawanda zvakapembererwa, basa ravo Kunoonekwa mibayiro yakawanda. Herman akanga paakavapa pachinzvimbo chevatatu konoro.

Shure Muvengi Lines vakagadzirira pamwe guru chawo

Kuwedzera kune hunoshamisa kurwa unhu uye inokosha tarenda, ari partisans Hermann, ane nhoroondo inorondedzerwa munyaya akanga chipo isangano.

Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti aikoshesa ose upenyu hwevanhu yaakaronzeswa mukuru murayiro rechiuto. Iyewo ainetseka pamusoro sei kuti vakawanda kusununguka upenyu kushongedzera varwi ayo, kuti varwi aigona kuva rokuzorora pashure unonetesa kurwisa, uye kana kukuvara kugamuchira zvakakodzera kurapwa. Naizvozvo, kugara musango partisans Hermann vakagara zvikuru unconventional: vakararama shoma, asi izvozvo zvivako zvakafanira pamusoro mira nechimwe - mumatumba, pamwe kudziyisa, dzimbahwe iri muchivako zvechigarire pamusoro munharaunda bhurigedhi dzakanga yavo vakavaka kicheni, kugeza, zvipatara uye Mini-chipatara, dzokuchengetera.

Partizan Herman aiva nechokwadi kuti munhu arege kuparadza chinhu chii chaigona kubatsira varwi vake kukunda nevaNazi. Naizvozvo, mayunifomu uye zvombo zvave kushumwa kwete chete kune yakaoma, asi kukasawedzerwa tichiregeredza mikombe.

Guerrillas vanoonga hanya ichi uye akati kwaari: "! Tiri nokuti bhurigedhi wavarwi - moto uye mumvura" "! Ko tikasaparara pamwe mutungamiriri wedu",

Huripo yendege uye njanji

Amazing pachayo, uye kuridza vanomirira chokwadi maviri: partisans German, ane mapikicha anoratidza ayo noushingi akacherekedza rakavhurika, yakavakwa maererano aripo Banga uye pakugona njanji!

Mira Banga yakavakwa chete mauto partisans. Musango, kucheka paupamhi mukoridho, akaita Masvomhu Anti ndege, zvakakodzera akashongedzerwa runway namatanda chenjedzo, pave kwezvivako kuti tinogona kugamuchira guru zvifambiso ndege. Kutaura huru yave kugadziridzwa. On muvengi oedza kuparadza Banga guerrillas vakabvuma semheni kurwiswa. Saka yakaparadzwa yaHitler mafuta chakazara muguta Porkhov, German aviasklady mumusha Pushkin Hills. Somugumisiro, panguva kuvapo emagandanga hwaro ndege Soviet nendege kugara, achivapa yunifomu, zvokudya, zvombo, achitora vakakuvadzwa.

Interesting nyaya uye vakatendeukira kuchiteshi. Mune rimwe ushori sorties soldaty- "Hermanovce" vakawana peat njanji, yakamanikana-Gauge njanji chete akasiyiwa locomotives, ngoro platforms. On ukanyatsozvitarisa zvikazooneka kuti zvose kushanda kuitira, uye guerrillas vakatanga kushingaira kushandisa kapearaiteinen pasi nemhino kwevaNazi. The njanji zvinopfuura kunyanya matsi marshland. Chete chikamu chimwe yakanga kuswedera overseeding yemapurisa, izvo hwaidzorwa vokuGermany. Guerrillas mumwe nguva kuenda kuburikidza chikamu ichi, kana zvichikodzera, zvaironga pamusoro yemapurisa, uye chitima nguva imwe neimwe vakabudirira vakapfuura chipingamupinyi.

Kuedza kuparadza kukupfura

Musafunga kuti partisans Hermann pamwe chete nevarume vake chinyararire vakarwa shure muvengi mitsetse. VaNazi nguva dzose yakaedza kuparadza chikwata ichi.

Muna March 1943, kuzorwa Herman mapoka emagandanga akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze pamwero mukuru kuri kushanda nemasimba masoja 4,000 German navatariri, kunotsigirwa dzehondo uye atirari. Yakanga pachimiro vachirwa mumusha Rovnyak Porkhov yeRwizi muPskov nharaunda. Panguva hondo yakauraya vanopfuura 900 vaNazi vakaparadza 3 muvengi Danho 4 raputika mugwagwa bhiriji 6 vakagogodza kunze matangi. Kusiyana chinokosha kurasikirwa Hermann partisan kwevaNazi bhurigedhi vakarasikirwa 96 Varume, 37 vavo vakaurayiwa, 59 vakakuvadzwa.

Muna May 1943, kuda kubvisa partisans mumasango Leningrad, vokuGermany akakanda panguva pavo Infantry rose Division. Total magamba Soviet vakatsungirira 19 kupesana, panguva iyo muvengi vakarasika varwi 1604 uye navatariri, 7 zvitima vave Varidza vakakwira 16 mugwagwa mabhiriji uye 2 motokari. Mune panhengo guerrillas vakauraya mauto 39 uye vakuvara 64.

Muna August 1943, mumwe mukurumbira nyanzvi akakokwa nharaunda iyi, iyo akaparadza partisan mapoka akawanda Smolensk. Izvi pakarepo nezvokudzokera avo vashori guerrillas Herman. Ndiani? ichi chisinganzwisisike nyanzvi sei? Intelligence Group hwakagadzwa kuti yechiFascist nyanzvi inoshanda sezvinotevera: akatora mauto eSoviet kubvisa nguvo dzavo neshangu, kupa sniff imbwa kudzidzisa, iyo tora kutevera uye goho kuri panzvimbo guerrillas dislocation. Uye hapana nzira kusasa shag kana tsika nzira vamwe vanhu vasingagoni gogodzai pasi imbwa kure kunhuwirira. Agamuchira ruzivo urwu, Aleksandr German pakarepo akasvika nevanegumi zano yepakutanga. Varume vake vakatora "mutauro", iro rakaitirwa kumuzinda chakavanzika nzira kuburikidza doro, ipapo akaronga akapukunyuka uye gwara mined. Apo vanhu vokuGermany vakafora hombe simba mumugwagwa uyu kumuzinda emagandanga, zvimbambaira, Chokwadi, akanyemwerera, uye rose yechiFascist kukupfura akafa asina kuroorwa pena kubva kurutivi rwedu.

Battle of breadbasket. rufu gamba

Pakutanga September 1943 Herman remagandanga bhurigedhi akashoropodzwa zvakare. nguva ino hondo kwakaitika pedyo nomusha dura Novorzhevsky District of muPskov nharaunda.

Masoja Soviet akakunda muvengi, asi vakatambudzika inorema nezvinhu, nokuputsa kubva encirclement. Muhondo inopisa September 6, 1943 akafa heroically Aleksandr Viktorovich German, kukanganwa partisans tsamba guru.

Maererano netsamba kuna Brigade Yorumuko Commissioner, kufarira bhurigedhi wavarwi akakuvadzwa kaviri, asi akarambidza kungotaura nezvazvo, uye varwi akaramba kupfura. Vanga wechitatu musoro afa. -Nemakore 28 mutungamiriri bhurigedhi akaurayiwa.

muviri Colonel kwakaita wanunurwa nendege kune necheshure yeSoviet. Gamba akavigwa muguta Valdai Novgorod nharaunda, pana Freedom Square.

April 2, 1944 by chirevo Presidium of USSR Supreme Soviet Colonel Germanu A. V. paakanga afa paakavapa musoro Hero of Soviet Union kuti hwakakwana kuurayiwa muhondo mishoni, ushingi uye ushingi.

Awards uye mazita

Hsu partisans German Aleksandr Viktorovich akanga paakavapa:

• Gold Star menduru, izvo paakavapa kune munhu paakavapa soro wenyaya Hero of Soviet Union,
• Lenin Order chaiwo dhigirii pamberi Soviet State uye vanhu,
• Order of Red Banner nokuda kumboonekwa ushingi uye kurasira pakurwisana pamusoro hwechiFascist nechisimba,
• Order of Patriotic War 1st dhigirii weuto voumhare.

Kuyeukwa gamba

September 7, 1943 Third Leningrad remagandanga bhurigedhi Yakazopiwa zita rokuti partisan bhurigedhi ainzi Herman - vachikudza yayo mbiri wavarwi.

The musha Horrea uri panzvimbo kufa gamba obelisk. Street ainzi pashure pake St. Petersburg, Novgorod, muPskov, guta chitsuwa uye Porkhov, Valdai. In St. Petersburg, uye Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda sechiratidzo chirangaridzo Partizan Herman.

The guta Novorzhev chirangaridzo Dombo iri rukudzo wemufi wehondo. The wehurumende asarudza kuti 6 September - a Day kubwinya partisan. The zororo rinopembererwa gore negore pazuva iri, pamwe kutora chikamu magamba, vagari, vadzidzi.

The gamba guerrillas Herman, ane pikicha hunofanira zhinji plaques, ndiye mhedziso anoyemurika. Iye, upenyu hwake pfupi asi penya, kushinga uye vanhu kukuru chose zvitsauko zvizhinji mumabhuku:

• "Haufi pezvaiitwa magamba," Vanyori Korneev N. P uye Alekseev OV, 2005 yakabudiswa.
• "German Aleksandr Viktorovich", rakapepetwa N. P. Korneeva, 1993 yakabudiswa.
• "Leningrad mumwoyo mangu", munyori akava wenhau NV Masolov, uyo akashandisa kuti kunyora Archive magwaro, pachake tsamba Herman, ndangariro shamwari dzake. Bhuku rakabudiswa muna 1981.
• "Partisan bhurigedhi vehondo: vanhu uye muupenyu." A nezvebhuku zvakachengetedzwa zvinhu zvakanyorwa ethnographer NV Nikitenko. Akaona chiedza muna 2010. Rinozivisa pamusoro remagandanga mapoka kushanda Guru Patriotic War ari yaigarwa mundima Leningrad uye Tver kumatunhu.
• Memoir bhuku "Heroes uye Destiny" IV Vinogradov, 1988, gore bhuku. Writer kakawanda pachake akasangana Aleksandrom Germanom.
• "Hermann iri chikwata" by ML munyori Yorumuko, iyo akashanda zvakananga pasi kunozivikanwa remagandanga wavarwi. Bhuku rakabudiswa muna 1965.
• "MuPskov remagandanga" - netsamba kubva partisan M. Voskresensky, mukuru enyika dhipatimendi Leningrad Third Partisan Brigade. Book 1979 yakabudiswa.
• "Nemhaka youtano", 1990 yakabudiswa. Author - partisan chiremba V. I. Gilev.
• "Wakapika guerrillas", 1985 yakabudiswa. Netsamba yakanyorwa Serguninym I. I., Hero of Soviet Union, yakakurumbira nhengo emagandanga kufamba. Bhuku lyagla ake pachake zvakaitika, diaries nezvimwe varwi, tsamba uye magwaro zvakachengetedzwa.
• "Nei kunzi" 1985 yakabudiswa authored Hablo E. P. uye Gorbachevich KS bhuku rinotsanangura mazita mumigwagwa, zvitsuwa, St. Petersburg nharaunda.