Ocean kuitika - chii ichi? Zvinokonzera yomugungwa dzenzvimbo

Ocean razvino - nokuyerera mvura gobvu, iyo zvinofamba neumwe dzokororo uye maitikiro. Ichazivikanwa nguva dzose physico-zvemakemikari zvivako uye kunyanya tsaukana nzvimbo. Kunotonhora kana ushamwari, zvichienderana Nhengo hemispheres. Mumwe rukova kunoratidzwa wakawedzera arambe achirema uye kumanikidzwa. Akayera vakawanda kuyerera mvura iri Sverdrup, mune rakasiyana nepfungwa - maererano vhoriyamu dzakabatana.

mhando dzenzvimbo

Zvikurukuru cyclically akatungamirira mvura Rwako vanoonekwa ne unhu hwakadai rakatsiga, kumhanya, kudzika uye upamhi, zvemakemikari ehupfumi chokuita simba, etc. Kubva international kupatsanura, pane mhando nhatu kuyerera ..:

1. Gradient. Simuka kana chavakaona hydrostatic kumanikidzwa pamusoro isobaric mvura akaturikidzana. Gradient yomugungwa razvino - ndiyo karwizi iyo kunoratidzwa chinjikira displacements isopotential pemvura. Maererano kwokutanga zvairatidza, vari akakamurwa pamusoro Density, kumanikidzwa, hunde, muripo uye seiche. Somugumisiro ari tsvina dzenzvimbo uye precipitates vakaumba kubvunda chando.

2. Wind. Pakusarudza yakatenuka yegungwa sandara, uye simba wokufema guru arambe achirema nokufamba. Zviri subspecies ari vasakukurwa penyanza ano. mvura iyi kuyerera kunokonzerwa nokungotevera mhepo chiito. Nokufamba pasi chete pechiso dziva.

3. naTidhari. Akaratidza kwazvo zvakasimba muna mumvura isina kudzika, estuaries uye nenyika. A vakaparadzana howa ndiyo inertia ano. It anokonzerwa chiito mauto akawanda. Musi variability kufamba kusiyanisa zvachose, nguva nenguva, monsoon uye kutengeserana-inovhuvhuta. Okupedzisira vaviri takatsunga ne mirayiridzo uye makarindira zvomwaka.

Zvinokonzera yomugungwa dzenzvimbo

Pari riparadzirwe mvura zhinji dzenyika iri kutotanga kudzidzwa zvakadzama. Kazhinji, mashoko chaiwo anozivikanwa chete pamusoro penyika uye pedyo-pose dzenzvimbo. The chikuru snag ndechokuti Oceanographic System haina miganhu zvakajeka uye zviri kugara zvitange. Zviri kunzwisisa richikurukura kuyerera nokuda siyana mumuviri uye nemakemikari zvinhu.

Zvisinei, kuti dziti zvinotevera vanozivikanwa zvinokonzera yomugungwa dzenzvimbo:

1. The yepasi pose zvazvinoita. Ndiwo kupfuura zvinofadza uye akaoma panguva imwecheteyo yokudzidza muitiro. Panyaya iyi, panguva kutenderera Nyika kunokonzerwa, zvakamubaya pamusoro mhepo uye nyika yacho hydrological hurongwa yepasi pose miviri, etc. Muenzaniso unoshamisa - .. Maze.

2. Igaroziva nemhepo. Water kuparadzirwa ndiyo novimba nesimba uye mirayiridzo dzedenga vakawanda. Mune zvisingawanzoitiki nguva, unogona kutaura yakadzika dzenzvimbo.

3. kusiyana densities. The hova kuumbwa nokuda gogonera kugovera salinity netembiricha mvura zvavo.

ratinoona migumisiro

In mvura munyika simba mhando uyu anokonzerwa kumanikidzwa heterogeneous zvavo. Pamwe chete nzvimbo anomalies dzemvura mumakungwa uye madziva maduku kuchinja kwete chete mirayiridzo, asi simba. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka mumakungwa uye yakaoma. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiye Gulf Stream. Pakutanga basa rake, iye kunoratidzwa kumhanya. Gulf Stream muna Florida Kwazvo Inowedzera zvose bhowa uye tailwind. Fani iyi unoumba munhu cyclical vomanikidza akaturikidzana bheseni, muchiaparadzira rukova. Nokudaro, munguva imwe nguva pane wandei water drainage uye inflow imwe yakawanda mvura. The kurukutika aomerwa zvomumhepo pamusoro mukuru vavimbezve.

Kana mvura pamwero anodonhedza, nokutsauka kunova duku Florida Strait. Nekuti ichi kuerera velocity ari substantially ipfupi. Saka, zvinogona vakagumisa kuti yakawedzera kuomesa kunoderedza simba dziriko.

Kuonana mhepo

Kutaurirana pakati mhepo uye mvura saka simba uye panguva imwe chete nyore kuti zvakaoma haana kuona pamwe chinoabatsira. It vagara kuvafambisi vengarava vakakwanisa kuverenga yakakodzera yomugungwa dzenzvimbo. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti anoonga basa musayendisiti B. Franklin of Gulf Stream, chaiko kune rechi18. Pashure akawanda kwemakumi emakore Alexander von Humboldt akataura nawo mazita mhepo ndikaita huru mvura negurumwandira extraneous mauto. Kubva kwemasvomhu pfungwa nemaonero dzidziso isimbiswe Tsepprits yefizikisi muna 1878. Rakaratidza kuti munyanza ari kugara kuchinjwa pamusoro rukoko mvura zvakadzika nhanho. Muchiitiko chino, zvikuru muupenyu kufamba simba anova nemhepo. Kuerera velocity hazvisi zvekumirira kune udzamu kunodzikira. Pakusarudza mamiriro kuramba riparadzirwe mvura inopfuura refu nguva chiito mhepo. Kunze vaiona chete zvokutengeserana-mhepo mhepo Rwako, izvo kuti kufamba mumvura zvavo vari Equatorial bhendi mumakungwa zvomwaka.

arambe achirema musiyano

The matambudziko chinhu ichi pamusoro mvura kuparadzirwa ndicho chikonzero chikuru dzenzvimbo munyanza. Large-pamwero zvidzidzo zviri dzidziso ndivo dzakawanda rwendo Challenger. Zvadaro, basa masayendisiti anotsigirwa ne Air yefizikisi.

Heterogeneity densities mvura gobvu ndiro mugumisiro zvinoverengeka. Vachingoita aripo zvakasikwa, ichipa kuramba hydrological hurongwa panyika. Chero kutsaudzira mvura tembiricha kunoguma nokuchinja ayo arambe achirema. Muchiitiko chino, pane nguva dzose ane Ivan Kuchin ukama. The yepamusoro tembiricha, rezasi yacho arambe achirema.

Uyewo, musiyano panyama zvatariswa kukanganisa uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mamiriro mvura. Freezing kana kwemvura kunowedzera arambe achirema, kunayisa - nayo anoderedza. Zvinokanganisawo Simba kuitika uye salinity mvura makore. It zvinoenderana kunyunguduka chando, kunayisa uye kwemvura mumatunhu. Pakuurayiwa arambe achirema nyanza zvikuru gogonera. Izvi zvinoshanda pamusoro uye akaturikidzana mvura nzvimbo yakadzika.

The dzenzvimbo nePacific Ocean

The vakawanda zano Rwako vagara vandifungira riparadzirwe kwechadenga. Saka, kumabvazuva zvokutengeserana mhepo inoita kuti paumbwe North kosi. It chinoyambuka mvura Philippine Islands kusvika pamhenderekedzo Central America. Rine maoko maviri kuti zvokudya dziva Indonesian Equatorial yomugungwa kuitika zvePacific Ocean. In iri Northern Hemisphere, chikuru mvura nzvimbo Rwako vari Kuroshio, Alaska uye California Current. The yokutanga miviri - kudziya. Chechitatu Rwizi ari munyanza kuchitonhora kuitika Pacific. Pool kumaodzanyemba hemisphere chimiro Australian uye Equatorial Current. Just kumabvazuva mvura pakati kune Equatorial Undercurrent. Nemhenderekedzo South America, pane bazi chando Peruvian rukova.

Panguva pedyo neequator zhizha anoita pegungwa pari El Niño. It achisunda chando mvura gobvu aibuda Peruvian nokuumba zvakanaka ekunze.

The Indian Ocean uye ayo dzenzvimbo

Nechekuchamhembe bheseni kunoratidzwa pamwaka Kuchinja noushamwari uye kutonhora dzenzvimbo. Kwakadaro kugara emuchina kushanda kunokonzerwa monsoon kutenderera. In yechando chinokurira kwakadziva kumadokero kuitika kuti yakatangwa muna Bay pamusoro Bengal. A shoma zvakare rwezasi ndiko West. Izvi yomugungwa razvino chinoyambuka Indian Ocean mvura nemhenderekedzo Africa kusvika Nicobar Islands.

Muzhizha, monsoon kukonzera kuchinja rinokosha mune pemvura. Equatorial Countercurrent ari zvava kudzama uye yekudyidzana anorasikirwa simba rayo. Somugumisiro, nzvimbo yake anotorwa simba Somali uye ushamwari Madagascar Current.

Riparadzirwe kweArctic Ocean

Chikonzero chikuru chakaita kuti pave pemvura dzenzvimbo yomunyika munyanza ari mutsika simba mvura makore kubva munharaunda yeAtlantic. Chokwadi kuti emakore chando pabutiro kunodzivisa muchadenga uye yepasi pose miviri nezvainoita zvemukati riparadzirwe. Ndima inonyanya kukosha kweArctic Ocean anonzi North Atlantic. It fetches zvemaBhaibheri inodziya vakawanda hombe, nokusarega mvura tembiricha donhwe kune dzinonetsa exponents.

Kuti ritungamirirwe chando vasakukurwa ndiye anokonzera mhiri-Arctic. Pakati pezvimwe hova kupfuura zvikuru vangazivikanwa Yamal, Spitsbergen, Nortkapskoe uye Norwegian dzenzvimbo, uyewo bazi Gulf Stream.

The dzenzvimbo kuAtlantic bheseni

The salinity mugungwa mvura yakakwirira chaizvo. Zoning mvura kuparadzirwa iri dukusa nezvimwe madziva. Pano, huru gungwa pari - Gulf Stream. Pamusana kwaari, avhareji tembiricha kwemvura parameters vari kuchengetwa kumativi 17 inegumi. Ichi kwoushamwari yomugungwa kuitika pamusoro Atlantic Ocean rematsutso vose hemispheres.

Ndirwowo rinokosha bheseni Rwako vari Canary, wokuBrazil, Benguela uye Equatorial Current.