Chii chinonzi upenyu: tsanangudzo yemhando uye zvayo

Zvinyorwa zvekare zvakanyorwa zvinogoverwa kuva zvenyika uye ekereke. Iyi yekupedzisira yakakurumbira uye yakavandudzwa mushure mekunge chiKristu chakatanga kutora nzvimbo dzakasimba pane dzimwe dzidziso dzenyika.

Mitauro yeZvinyorwa zvechitendero

MuRussia wekare yakagamuchira kunyorwa kwayo pamwe nemabhuku ezvomweya akaunzwa kubva kuByzantium nevapristi vechiGiriki. Uye yekutanga yechiSlavic, sezvamunoziva, yakagadzirwa nehama dzehama, Cyril naMethodius. Nokudaro, iyo yaiva magwaro echechi akazova magumo evo, maererano nemadzitateguru edu akanzwisisa bhuku reuchenjeri. Mhando dzezvinyorwa zvekare zvechitendero zvaisanganisira mapisarema, mararamiro emitambo, minyengetero nemharidzo, nhoroondo dzechechi, dzidziso uye nyaya. Vamwe vavo, somuenzaniso nyaya, gare gare vakachinjwa kuva maitiro emabasa enyika. Vamwe vakaramba vakanyatsopinda mukati mechechi. Ngationei kuti upenyu chii. Tsanangudzo yechirangariro iyi ndeyotevera: Aya mabasa akatsaurirwa kurondedzero yehupenyu uye mabasa evatsvene. Haisi ivo vaapostora chete vakaramba vachiparidza basa raKristu mushure mekufa kwake. Magamba ezvinyorwa zvitsvene akafira kutenda, akakurumbira pamitemo yavo yekutsika uye akatambura nokuda kwekutenda.

Mamiriro ezvinhu ehupenyu semhando

Nokudaro unotevera hutano hwekutanga hwehupenyu hupi. Tsanangudzo iyi yaisanganisira kumwe kujekesa: kutanga, yakagadzirwa nomunhu chaiye. Munyori webasa anofanira kubatana neurongwa hwehupenyu huno, asi tarisa kune izvozvi zvingaratidza utsvene hunokosha, kusarura uye kusazvipira kwevatsvene. Chechipiri, chii chinonzi upenyu (tsanangudzo): iyo nyaya yakagadzirirwa kukudzwa kwevatsvene nokuda kwekuvaka kwevatendi vose nevasingatendi, kuitira kuti ivo vakafuridzirwa nemuenzaniso wakanaka.

Chimwe chikamu chemhosva yezvinyorwa chaiva mitsara ye simba rinoshamisa iro Mwari akapa kune vashumiri vake vakatendeka. Kuvonga nenyasha dzaMwari, vaigona kuporesa, kutsigira kutambura, kuita chido chekuzvininipisa nokunyengedzera. Saka vanyori vakaratidza mufananidzo wemunhu akakodzera, asi, semugumisiro, ruzivo rwakawanda rwehupenyu, tsanangudzo yehupenyu hwepachivande haina kubviswa. Uye, pakupedzisira, chimwe chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chemaitiro: chimiro uye mutauro. Pane zvakawanda zvinokurudzira, mazita, mazwi nemashoko ane zviratidzo zvebhaibheri.

Kufambira mberi kubva kumusoro, chii chinonzi hupenyu? Tsanangudzo iyi inogona kuumbwa nenzira inotevera: iyi ndiyo yekare yekare mabhuku akanyorwa (zvakasiyana nemifananidzo yevanhu mumuromo) pamusangano wechitendero mukurudzira mabasa evasande vechiKristu nevatendi.

Upenyu hwaMurevereri

Nziyo dzeupenyu kwenguva yakareba dzaive dzakakurumbira muRussia yekare. Vakanyora pamagetsi akasimba uye, chaizvoizvo, vakazarura zvinoreva upenyu hwevanhu. Imwe yemuenzaniso unoshamisa zvikuru wemhando ndeye "The Life of St. Sergius we Radonezh", yakagadzirwa naEpiphany the Wise. Pane zvose zvinofanira kunge zviri mumagwaro ezvinyorwa zvemufananidzo uyu: hero inobva kumhuri inonamata yevakarurama, inoteerera kuda kwaIshe. Unyanzvi hwaMwari, kutenda uye minyengetero zvinotsigira hero kubva pauduku. Anonyatsotsungirira miedzo uye anovimba chete netsitsi dzaMwari. Kuziva kukosha kwerutendo, hero inopedza hupenyu hwake hunoziva mumabasa ekunamata, kwete kutarisira nhengo yezvinhu. Nheyo yehupo hwake iri kutsanya, kunyengetera, kunyorera nyama, kurwisana neasina kuchena, kusazvipira. Upenyu hwevasande veRussia hwakasimbisa kuti vanhu vavo vakanga vasingatyi rufu, vaive vachigadzirira zvishoma nezvishoma ndokutarisira nemufaro, sezvo zvichibvumira mweya yavo kusangana naMwari uye vatumwa. Basa racho rakapera, sezvazvaiva, nekurumbidzwa nekurumbidzwa kwaIshe, Kristu neMweya Mutsvene, uyewo wakarurama-Mufundisi.

Rondedzero yemashoko ehupenyu emabhuku eRussia

Peru Vanyori veRussia vane ma 156 magwaro ane chokuita nehupenyu hwehupenyu. Yokutanga yavo inobatanidzwa nemazita emachinda Boris naGleb, vakanyengera kuurayiwa nehama yavo. Ivo vakavawo vekutanga vaRussia vafira kutenda mhondi, vakavhiringidzwa neChechi yeOrthodox uye vakafunga kuti ndivo vadziviriri vehurumende. Yakazove yehupenyu hweMuchinda Vladimir, Alexander Nevsky, Dmitry Donskoy nevamwe vazhinji vakakurumbira vemuRussia. Nzvimbo inokosha munyaya idzi ndeyeupenyu hweArchpriest Avvakum - mutungamiri anopandukira weVatendi Vakatenda, akanyorwa naiye pachake paanogara mujeri rePustozersky (rechi17 remakore). Ichokwadi, ichi ndicho chiitiko chekutanga chezvinyorwa, kuberekwa kwemavara matsva ekunyora.