Nyeredzi nzara: photo, size. Nzara nzara kumba

Waiziva here kuti nhokwe yewarwarfish? Mifananidzo ye pygmy nherefu yakangowedzera yakawanda paInternet. Vafudzi vemhuka idzi dzakanaka vatofunga kuti mwana akadaro anogona kunyatsochengetwa sechipfuwo mumba. Ngationei kana nzara iyi inogona kugara pamba, iyo inodya, iyo inoita sei musango.

Habitat

Nyeredzi duku kudarika pasi redu dzinogara kuBorneo. Ndicho chiwi chechitatu chikuru pane zvese munyika uye chikuru pane zveAsia. Panharaunda yayo kune miganhu yenyika nhatu - Indonesia, Malaysia uye Brunei. Munenge nharaunda yose yeBorneo yakafukidzwa nemasango ane masango eElatatorial, kune nzvimbo dzisina kufamba netsoka dzevanhu. Zvichida pachitsuwa uye zvino kune marudzi ezvipfuwo nemiti, izvo zvizivikanwi zvemazuva ano zvisingazivi chinhu.

Nyeredzi dzenzou Borneo dzinongogara pane chikamu chiduku chechitsuwa chacho, chinowanikwa neMalaysia, mudunhu reSabah. Dzimwe nguva unokwanisa kusangana nemhuka idzi dzinoshamisa mundima yeIndonesia. Nzvimbo yenzou-mapegi inobatana nezvokudya zvavanoda.

Nzara dzenzou Borneo dzinodya maruva akasiyana-siyana: miriwo, mashizha ane mashizha, bhanana dzomusango, bark, marimu, michero yakasiyana, mbeu. Uyewo, mhuka idzi dzinoda mineral substances dzinovimbisa kufambidzana kwavo kwakagadzikana. Nherera dzinogamuchira mineral inodiwa kubva kune solonetz uye mamwe mahedheni emarara, anogona kuwanikwa pamhenderekedzo yenzizi.

Iko tsasi zvipi?

Nyeredzi duku kudarika pasi pose ndezvinyorwa zveAsia. Imwe nzombe, iyo mifananidzo yako yaunogona kuona munyaya ino, inogara kumucheto-kuchamhembe kwecho chitsuwa. Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvekuonekwa kwemhuka idzi?

Vanhu vazhinji vanofarira kukura kwehove huru. Kukura kwaro hakusi kuduku, sezvo kuchioneka kubva muzita re subspecies. Kukura kwehombodo huru yemapiggy mamita 2-2.5. Kurema kunogona kusvika 2-3 tani.

Kana tichienzanidza, ticharondedzera hukuru hwehama dzepedyo, nherefu dzeAsia, dzinosvika mamita 3.5 muhupamhi, uye dzinorema kusvika ma4 tani.

Iyo nzou huru pane imwe nhoroondo, iyo yeAfrica yemarudzi, yakayera matani anodarika 12, uye kukura kwayo kwakava kusvika mamita mana. Sezvo zvinogona kuonekwa kubva pakuenzanisa, nzara yeBorneo inofanirwa kuonekwa sehove huru pakuenzanisa nehama dzayo, asi ichiri mhuka huru.

Mamiriro ekuonekwa

Mukuwedzera kune mashoma mashoma, Pygmy nzou dzinozivikanwa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoratidza maitiro. Nzeve dzavo dzakakura kudarika dzenzou dzeAsia, musana wechipfuva wakanyanyisa. Mhando dzakapfupi uye dzakananga. Asi miswe yacho yakareba, inenge ichibata pasi. Pane imwezve misiyano, nekuda kwekuti nzara yakareba yakakurumbira. Mifananidzo yakaratidza zvakakwana maratikiti akanaka ekutaura kwechiso. Pamusana pezviitiko izvi, nzara yakareba haigoni kuvhiringidza nemhuka yeimwe subspecies.

Zvisinei, kunyange pasinei nechitarisiko chakanaka, Nzoufu Borneo mhuka huru dzomusango. Iko kune mazita anozivikanwa ekurwisa kwavo vanhu, kusanganisira kuurayiwa.

Genetic theory of origin

Ko nzara iyi isingaoneki yakaonekwa sei uye yakasvika sei kuBergneo Island? Masayendisiti haagoni kupa mhinduro chaiyo kumubvunzo uyu. Pane dzidziso mbiri dzinotsanangura apo nzara yemadziro Borneo yakatanga.

Mhedziso yekutanga yakabva pane zvidzidzo zve laboratory zveDNA yemhuka idzi. Kuongororwa kwejenome kunotiudza kuti nzou dzinogara dziri oga, uye kwemakore anopfuura mazana matatu zvadzo hazvina kusangana nehama dzavo, izvo zvinoreva kuti ivo vanozvimirira pasi.

Mamwe madziteteguru emakungwa akareba akauya kuBorneo munguva yeHoten cold snap, makore anenge zviuru gumi akapfuura. Zvichida, vakapfuura nepasi penyika, iyo yakazoparadzwa zvakare. Nokudaro, dzose nzou dzinobva kune rimwe boka, uye kuchinja mukuonekwa uye zvishoma zvishoma kubva kune dzimwe hama dzeAsia zvinokonzerwa nekuparadzaniswa kwenguva refu.

Iyi pfungwa inonyatsonyatsotaridzika, asi haikwanise kutsanangura imwe chokwadi chinonakidza: uchapupu hwekuchera matongo hweBorneo hwematsotsi anogara kwenguva yakareba zvakadaro hauna kuwanika. Misi mizhinji yekare yakanyorwa kusvika muzana remakore rechi18.

Historical myory of origin

Ndeipi, uye inonyanya kukosha, apo Borneo yakaonekwa nzara huru? Izvi zvinotsanangura yechipiri pfungwa, maererano nezvakataurwa nevatungamiri veshefu vepachivako kune Sultan sulu mutevedzeri weJava. Nokudaro, vagari veBorneo ndivo dzinza reJavanese nherera, dzinonzi dzinopera. Inoramba iri chakavanzika kuti mhuka dzinoverengeka dzakakwanisa sei kutanga vanhu vakawanda mumakore mazana matatu.

Kutyisidzira kwekuvapo

Kusvika iye zvino, nzara yakareba inotyisidzirwa nekuparara. Kuedza kwakawanda kuri kuitwa kuponesa mhuka idzi dzisingasviki. Kwenguva yakareba, mapoka maduku emakondohwe akavanzwa mumasango akaoma, anenge asingatauri nevanhu.

Zvisinei, semugumisiro wekutsvaira kwemvura nguva dzose nekuwedzerwa kwenyika yezvirimwa, nzou dzomusango dzinowanzotarisana nevanhu, zvichiita kune vanotambura kumativi ose maviri. Basa ravo mukuparara kwezvisikwa zvisingadikanwi zvakaitwa nevashambadzi vaivhima kuti vawane. Uyewo, mhuka mhuka dzinogara dzichirwiswa nezvikara. Kusvika iye zvino, vanhu vane vanhu vanosvika 1500, zvinoreva kuti hupenyu hwemhuka imwe neimwe hunokosha zvikuru.

Maitiro

Nyeredzi nherera Borneo ndeyemhuka dzevanhu. Vanorarama mumapoka ane hukama hwakaoma hwepamberi. Mombe dzemhuri dzinoumbwa nevakadzi vekare uye vane ruzivo, hanzvadzi dzake, vanasikana, ndiko kuti, hama dzevakuru vemombe. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, vamwe vakadzi vasiri hama dzekuropa vanogona kubatana navo. Boka rakadaro rinogona kuva nevanhu 3 kusvika ku25.

Boka revakadzi dzimwe nguva vanobatana neboka revarume uye vanorarama semhuri imwe chete. Zvose nzou dzinobatsirana mukurera vana. Vanaamai vane ruzivo vanoratidzira vechiduku nzira yokutarisira vana vavo. Kupona kunowedzera zvikuru apo vakadzi vakawanda vanovatarisira.

Ukama muboka

Sezvaunoziva, nzou dzinosimbisa hukama hwakasimba hwemagariro evanhu nemapoka eboka ravo. Mitemo yemhuri kwavari inokosha zvikuru. Vanogona kuramba vachiita ushamwari uye hukama hwakanaka kuburikidza nehupenyu, kuchema kurasikirwa kwevanoda uye vana. Nherera dzinogona kudzokera kune imwe nzvimbo yekufa kwechimwe cheboka kuti ucheme.

Makwai anoenda kunzvimbo yekudiridza anotarisa achibata. Nyeve dzinochera dzinosunga pamuswe wemadzimai nechitsiko kuti dzirambe dzichikwira, uye dzimwe nzou dzinopoteredza vana kuti vadzivirire pangozi inogona kuitika.

Pasinei neukama hwakanaka uye hukama hwakasimba pakati pemitezo, boka rinogona kuparadzaniswa. Chikonzero cheizvi kazhinji kushayikwa kwekudya, mvura kana kukakavara mukati memombe inobatana nerufu rwemu mutungamiriri. Mombe dzinogara mundima imwe chete hadzina kukakavara, dzinokukwazisana uye dzinogona kuwirirana. Kana mamiriro acho akanaka, mvura uye zvokudya zvakawanda, ipapo mapoka anogona kubatana.

Makungu

Vanhurume vanoita zvepabonde vanoparadzaniswa kubva muboka raamai uye vanotungamirira hupenyu huri voga hwomumhuri. Sezvavanokura (kuberekwa kunoitika mumakore 12-15), varume vanowedzera kuzvimirira, vanotanga kusiya mombe uye vachidzungaira voga. Nokufamba kwenguva, murume wacho akadzingwa zvachose kubva kumombe dzake. Anokwanisa kupfuurira hupenyu hwemunhu mumwe chete kana kubatana neboka revamwe varume.

Mhuri yevarume inewo hutungamiri hwakasimba. Iboka rinotungamirirwa nevarume vakakura uye vane ruzivo. Nhengo dzomombe dzinogara pamwe chete, asi pakarepo mumwe wavo ane musikana anenge atora chikwata, anosiya boka rake revarume kwenguva yakareba yemwaka.

In captivity

Iwe pachako ane nzara yeimba yeropa - kurota kwevazhinji vanofarira mhuka. Zvisinei, kana iwe ukanyatsoverenga nyaya yacho, watoziva kuti kunyange nyanzvi duku kudarika pasi pano mhuka dzakakura dzinorema matani akawanda.

Ndeapi mamiriro ezvinhu aifanira kuumbwa kana iwe wakanga uine nhokwe yewarwarfish? Chipfuwo ichi chikuru, ndicho chikonzero chikadya zvakawanda. Zuva rimwe nerimwe munhu anofara wemhuka yakadaro inoda kuwana 150 kilogram yezvokudya zvakasiyana siyana zvinomera.

Mune imwe nzvimbo, nzou dzinogara dzichifamba. Saizvozvowo, vanoda aviary yakakura chaizvo. Uyezve, mhuka inofanira kushambira pane imwe nzvimbo, tora mabhati ekudha, kusvina miti, kuvhara pajecha, famba pauswa. Mumwaka wechando inofanira kunge iri mumba.

Nyeredzi dzakawanda dzinoshamisa uye dzisingashamisi mhuka, dzinogona kuwanikwa mune imwe nzvimbo duku yechitsuwa cheBorneo. Kubva kwavo hazvizivikanwi nechokwadi, asi ivo vakaparadzaniswa uye vanoongororwa zvakanyanya nevasayendisiti.