Nyaya zvoupfumi nesayenzi, nzira uye zvokukura kukura

Dudza nyaya nesayenzi zvoupfumi mukufamba kwaro inotungamirwa uye kukura haana pakarepo pachena. Kutsanangura pfungwa iyi mune mazwi mashoma hazvibviri. No rondedzero pfupi haritauri musimboti chingabatisiswa ne upfumi nesayenzi zvakavapo.

Nyaya sayenzi zvoupfumi vagara vandifungira vaongorori dzakasiyana nenzira dzakasiyana. Unogona tsanangurai tsanangudzo dzakadaro se "mabasa chokuita Exchange uye mari kwema," "zuva nezuva mabhizimisi upenyu, panguva iyo zvikaramba zvokurarama nazvo uye kushandiswa kwawo", "kuzvibata kwevanhu vari kugadzirwa, nokuparadzirwa, chinjanai uye kudyiwa zvinhu hunhu zvinhu" uye pr.

Kuoma kuziva chinhu sayenzi iyi akatsanangura kuti ukama kwoupfumi vari kwakatooma zvikuru uye zvakanyatsobatana kakawanda, mumwe nguva zvichiguma qualitatively itsva siyana ukama. Vanosanganisira mamiriyoni evanhu, makambani, maindasitiri, zvigadzirwa, services uye mitengo.

Nyaya nesayenzi zvoupfumi mukunzwisisa vaongorori Western kuderedzwa kuti kudzidza mananara nokurondedzerwa chokwadi ane upfumi hunhu: misika mari, zvikwereti ukama, urovha, mitengo, kudiwa, wedzerai, mubereko, etc. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, tikadzidza ukama pakati izvi zvakavapo uye avo yakawiriranwa kudyidzana.

Pari, pfungwa wavhomorwa kuti kudzidza dzevanhu tsika, izvo zvinobva nedanho dzinonzi rwokuzvarwa kuzvidzora upenyu, mitemo nekuita kwevanhu zvakasikwa uye zvinhu svikiro. Izvi zvinotungamirira ndechokuti chinhu sayenzi zvoupfumi anotanga kududzirwa nevamwe okunatsiridza.

Kana munhu hwake haisati kuwana tsime hariperi zvekuvaka kuti ungashandisa nechokwadi zvokurarama nazvo yavo, zviri zvikuru pakufambira chii hunhu anopa nayo. Kuitwa zviri zviwanikwa zviri vanhu anoisa mirayiridzo kusarudza basa, uyewo nzira yokushandisa mari kuti dziripo kwaari pamberi imwe nguva. Nzira dzekufambisa nekugadzirisa matambudziko aya nyaya dzezvoupfumi.

Nzira sayenzi zvoupfumi - sayenzi nzira yayo. Panguva ino Danho sayenzi zvoupfumi ane siyana dzakashandiswa kuti kunzwisisa zvoupfumi chokwadi. Nzira idzi dzakaumbwa kubva munguva dzekare, kutanga Aristotle uye Heraclitus, akateya nheyo yokukakavadzniswa maonero enyika. Pfungwa iyi ichiri kushandiswa nesayenzi zvoupfumi chaizvo tsvakurudzo yaro.

Uyezve, anoshandisa nzira dzakadai kudzidza nemari pezvakaitwa vari ukama mananara vavo kukura, sezvinoita kwetunhu uye pachisara yaanobhadhara uye induction, zviri chikonzero uye kushanda, uye mutaro inokosha iri mananara pachavo, kufamba pfungwa kubva chaihwoihwo kusvika kongiri, uye vamwe vakawanda.

Zvisinei, zvoupfumi ane Nzira dzinoshandiswa uye zvidzidzo kuti anokonzerwa chaizvo zvebasa midziyo zviitiko yesayenzi. The chikuru Pfungwa dzezvoupfumi kudzidza chokwadi, uye haana kupiwa priori nevanhu. Kuti aite izvi, rinoshandisa chairo kudzidza unyanzvi, kupatsanura pakati mumiririri uye yakavimbika chokwadi, avo kwetunhu uye pachisara yokuchenesa chokwadi kubva netsaona uye inessential. Pahwaro mhedziso iyi, mitemo zvoupfumi uye yokutevedzera.

Zvokukura budiriro dzezvoupfumi vakawanda zvingaderedzwa mana nguva:

1. Pre-nesayenzi kukura (kusvikira muzana remakore rechi18)
2. Mabviro zvoupfumi (1750-1870 biennium).
3. Discovery uye kubudirira huru zvinodiwa zvinokosha dzezvoupfumi (1870-1930 biennium).
4. Modern yokungotaura tsvakurudza uye kukura (kubvira 1930).

The chikuru zvokukura kusimudzira hupfumi pfungwa - ndiko mercantilism, dzenhoroondo enyika zvoupfumi (the Physiocrats, musika School), Marxist zvoupfumi enyika uye dzezvoupfumi mutsetse (neoclassicism uye neokeynsianty).