Nyaya "Spasskaya Polist" Radishcheva: Muchidimbu, pfungwa huru uye chigadzirwa ongororo

"Rwendo kubva St. Petersburg kuMoscow" ane chikuru misoro mitatu: nekuongorora kuti autocracy uye serfdom, mubvunzo pamusoro pekusadziviririka chimurenga. Radishchev mubasa iri zvinopfuura tsitsi uye vaiuya chaizvoizvo kuratidzwa chokwadi musimboti. Bhuku iri rakasiyana nemamwe pakuti vakauya pamwe-siyana Genres, kubva enganonyorwa kukurukurirana kwouzivi uye kubva tsamba romweni. Vose "zvimedu" izvi kupinda rose achishandisa mukuru pfungwa yacho zvekare autocratic hurumende uye serfdom. Uyezve, muchinjikwa okukohwa hunhu ari mufambi, pasinei nokuti mumwe nomumwe chitsauko kune pebindu, uye ayo compositional zvakakwana.

Spasskaya Polist

Mumwe chakasimba socio-dzinonetsa zvitsauko vaiona "Spasskaya Polist". Anogumisa kuti dzima Radishcheva nezvengozi autocracy. Kuti kunongova nyaya magavhuna, uye kushandisa mari kunze rinoitirwa, zvinangwa uye nokugadzwa pauzima (vawana oysters). Uye mutevedzeri wake, nemhaka "vanoteerera" pabasa, kwaitsigirwa. Ndiko, pane embezzlement uye chizivano, achingopa. Dream mufambi - ari satirical zvinofananidzira yose rokutonga Catherine II. Maererano nomunyori, zviri maari ushe uye rinoodza autocracy tsika zvasvika kwamvura yacheka makumbo. Kunyanya zvakajeka kurondwa muchitsauko "Spasskaya Polist".

Radishchev - Russian democrat uye nomukurumbira pakati XVIII remakore, uyo akaita mupiro chaizvo kune Russian tsika, mabhuku uye munzanga pfungwa. Muchitsauko "Spasskaya Polist", sapamazuva "rwendo" yose, munyori anotaura akamiririra vakaora mwoyo uye kuneta varimi zvavanoda mukupindura yevadzvinyiriri. Paiva neimwe dzino kwakadaro uye echimurenga nemafungiro munyori, munyori hombe-pamwero mabasa, raisanganisira musoro "Spasskaya Polist" (ongororo achasimbisa ichi).

kusenza

Kudhinda chigadzirwa vasingagoni kubata, kunyange Constantine Ryleev vakapupura, regai kuverenga. Ipapo munyori chakashongedzera pachake kudhinda kwayo uye akatanga kutengesa makopi 25. The 600 vasara vakanga vasara kumba. Kunyange zvidimbu zvakakwana kuti guta makumi maviri nemashanu, "Buzzed." Guhu yakasvika Catherine. The Empress akanga amutsamwira. Pasinei kusazivana rakanyorwa "Rwendo" Radishchev akakurumidza kuwana. Kwenguva refu nguva paiva mugumisiro. munyori asati vaiva nezvinangwa zvitatu: kwete kupa shamwari kudzivirira vana uye kuponesa upenyu hwavo. Ndokuguma kuti kuuraya kwave ne nezve kuSiberia. Saka "mumwe mupanduki kupfuura Pugachev" vapenyu. Radishchev vakazviuraya apo, Ndadzoka kubva kuutapwa vakaziva kuti kutambudzwa hazvina kugumisa.

Chokwadi

The bhuku Radishchev (uye mune dzimwe muzvitsauko, akadai "Muponesi Polist"), chikuru pfungwa - the nokufumura serfdom. Catherine akaona mairi inonyatsoratidza rechiFrench Revolution, asi uye makuru, zviitiko zvose vakafuridzirwa kuRussia chokwadi. Mumwe mufambi musangano chete anowedzera chivimbo nehanya uye pamwero pfumbamuromo richikunda munyika. Munyori haana kuzeza mhosva pachena serfdom. Anodana mhirizhonga iyi pamusoro munhu uye mumuviri nomutsika. "Spasskaya Polist" akavaka pamusoro Kusiyana pamusoro kwokunze ukuru oumambo uye ayo kuora dzakawanda pakati despotism. A unopinza mutsauko pakati munyori chinobatanidza pachivanze, achinyudza muumbozha uye beggary Russia. Zvakawanikwa rinoratidza kuti zviremera pane vanhu vanokwanisa utsinye. Chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda akaratidza mifananidzo vanoba mari uye makororo, bureaucrats uye vadzvinyiriri. All akasungwa ne yakawiriranwa basa uye funga chete sei kuwedzera mamiriro ako uye zvakawanda nokutorera vanhuwo zvavo. Nyaya "Spasskaya Polist" izvozvo anozodza inopenya chiedza.

Kuwana nzira

Kuongororwa Radishchev uye kuvhenekerwa absolutism, uye nawo, vafundisi uye nechechi. Ivo, maererano Radishchev, ndivo vabatsiri chikuru wamambo iri kokumanikidza serfs. The chete nzira kunze izvi chinhu chimurenga. Munyori anoti vanhu vakasvika kunyanyisa. Ndiyo yaiva nguva apo mhirizhonga kupidigura mhirizhonga.

In maonero Radishchev muRussia zvingaita Republican hurumende, umo hwaro - private pfuma. It anekodzero ose munhu. Kureva, sapakuparadzwa poumambo kuwana varimi munda. Chokwadi, aiziva kuti zvose izvi haazopindi mangwana. Chokutanga, pokuchinja zvinofanira kuitika mupfungwa vanhuwo zvavo, uye chete iyoyo, chaizvoizvo.

pfupiso

Muchitsauko "Spasskaya Polist" inotiudza kuti inoenda Polist shamwari mufambi anomuudza nyaya yake. Zvose nezvake zvakanaka, mudzimai wangu akanga, asi kwete kwenguva refu. The Hitcher akanga anyengerwa shamwari yake, vakatakura rworuboshwe pamusoro bhinzi, asi vachiri chikwereti. The pamuviri mudzimai ane huta kuzorwara akabereka vakamhanyira. Kana mwana kana mai vakapona. Uye kupfuura akanyengerwa akavanda. Mufambi pachokwadi anonzwira tsitsi shamwari yake, uye kunyange rinozviti panzvimbo mukuru mutongi, kururamisira uye runako, izvo Anotumbuka nyika, vanhu vanofara. Asi pakarepo chifukidziro chinowa meso mutongi, uye iye anoona kuti chokwadi nyika yacho yaparadzwa, nemasimba ngazvive zvakapararira. Ndiwo musoro "Spasskaya Polist", pfupiso iyo chinopiwa kumusoro.

mufambi

Genre "rwendo" anobvumira gamba rako ichishanduka kune yokupedzisira chigadzirwa, uyewo kuwana chokwadi. Ndiani mufambi Radishcheva? Hatigoni kutaura kuti chokwadi kuti ndiye munyori pachake. Pfungwa, kubva chigadzirwa, tinoziva dzinenge hapana pamusoro nechokwadi Biography ake. Vakapararira munzvimbo akaparadzana zvitsauko zviri zvikuru zvishoma. Ndiye mumiririri pamutemo varombo uye kwamachinda. Pakati chigadzirwa zviri pachena kuti haana mukadzi, asi vane vana. Pakutanga "The Nzendo" gamba anoyeuka zvinonyadzisa chiito chake, kana kuti pasina chikonzero akazvirova coachman ake. Ichi nezvetsaona wake kunoratidza kuti asati aiva munhuwo jendurumani feudal. Nokunzwisisa zvinokosha akaipa autocracy mufambi akanonoka. Akatendeuka kunyange aida kuzviuraya, sezvo chinhu ainzwisisa simba rokushandura. Pasinei akaipa zviitiko uye mifananidzo kuti nyaya chokupedzisira chichiri kuva netariro. Radishchev akatenda: saka hakuzogari refu.

nhatu

Mufambi, uye pamwe naye uye Radishchev, vakasvika pakugumisa kuti pane nhatu zvinogoneka nzira kubvisa Russian serfdom. nadzurudzo iyi ( "vaifarira"), vanokudzwa dzidzo ( "Sacra"), kupandukira ( "Zaitsevo). Vakawanda vakararama panguva yake vaidavira kuti munyori pachake ari mutsigiri kupandukira. Asi ichi handizvo. Radishchev inokurukura nzira zvose zvitatu, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo inobhadhara mutero.

Nechechi

Man Radishchev aidavira kuti kuwa yetsika, kwakapararira uori uye mutevedzeri interconnected pamwe nemumwe. Panguva musoro wekereke nengoro autocracy. Writer akaita sei zvose: uye kusenza, uye Regal dare, uye unzenza vaya simba. A mufaro nokuti munyori ndechokuti kutanga kwakanaka, izvo haisati akarasika vanhu. Ndiyo apo munyori anotsvaka uye anowana rutsigiro uye tariro yakajeka nani. Pashure pezvose, pasinei nezvose, vanhu vanoshanda, mupenyu uye nokufara. Zviri nyore kuvanhuwo zvavo munyori anoona nyika ramangwana. Kwete chete kuzorwa autocracy akaita Radishchev, asiwo pamusoro reactionary nhungamiro, akadai Freemasonry. Ivo kutsausa vanhu kubva kuruzhinji mabasa uye vakagaramo ake pfungwa maturo. Rakanakira Radishchev - murume akashinga anogara upenyu Russia, radeyuschie chokwadi. Chokwadi, Radishchev ndokuwana upenyu hwake kwemakore ane zana. Nhasi tinoonga dhigirii ake pamberi Yababa.