Lermontov zvishoma. Mabasa M. Yu. Lermontova

Imwe yakakurumbira vadetembi Russian, "Muprofita" yokutanga yezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, uyo akararama makore makumi maviri nemanomwe chete ... Asi kuti pfupi nguva akakwanisa kuudza vose ndima kuitika mweya wake.

Munyaya ino tichakurukura okugadzira zvinhu Lermontov. Muchidimbu kubata pamusoro periodization ari munyori, uyewo kutaura pamusoro dzinokosha vavariro mabasa ake.

M. Yu. Lermontov

Zvakaoma kutaura basa Lermontov zvishoma. Zirume ichi, pamwe Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym.

The nguva Lermontov zvibereko kupfuura akawira thirties ari namapfumbamwe remakore. Izvi nguva munhau yeRussian Empire, pakasvika nguva kuora mwoyo uye kushushikana munzanga. Pashure pokukundwa pakati Decembrists 'yemuna kwaidiwa kuwana mhinduro itsva nemakore mubvunzo: "? Chii ndiite"

Mumabhuku, ichi muitiro kunooneka nokusimbaradza chaizvoizvo nevavariro mvumo unacceptability zviitiko. Zvisinei, izvozvo vakaenda mumwe nzira Mihail Yurevich Lermontov (mufananidzo wake kuzvidzora Portraits kuratidzwa pazasi).

Saka, kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu hwake akaratidza kuva akatendeka romanticism, asi aikwanisa nounyanzvi sangana nayo realism munhetembo yake, mutambo uye prose.

Next tichataura pamusoro maviri nguva basa uyu mukuru. Asi kuburikidza zvose zviitiko tsvuku mutsetse achatora kutsvaka kwake nokuda kutobaya, kurwisana, Byron kuti yakanaka rusununguko.

kweuduku okugadzira zvinhu

Vatsvakurudzi uye mabhuku nevatsoropodzi vari huviri nguva okugadzira zvinhu Lermontov. Muchidimbu kutaura, ichi maumbirwo lyric rwakazara, kubvira 1828 kusvika 1836, uye kukura. Muganhu pakati pavo paiva rufu Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina zvinobva "Kufirwa nyanduri."

Saka, kuedza kutanga kupa pfungwa mukomana ari muchimiro nhetembo ndezvaJehovha makore gumi. Panguva ino, mhuri yake yakatanga "hondo" pakati baba, uyo akaona tarenda mwanakomana wake uye kumutsigira, uye naambuya vake, vachiedza kuti kunze mwana mukoti pachavo.

The nhetembo okutanga yakazara mwoyo, , boyish vavariro umhare vanorwisana. Rinosanganisira pepa rehurukuro riri "Dhimoni" uye "Soliloquy", gare gare formalized mu "Duma".

Kuwedzera matambudziko ari mhuri mberi, mafungiro Nyanduri wechidiki vanofurirwa zvakasimba kubudikidza kukundwa vari Decembrists nokumanikidza mumhepo runowanikwa iri muvanhu.

Panguva lyrical jaya akaziva mabhuku Western, kunyanya mabasa Byron vatapwako. Saka, muna Lermontov kuti nhetembo vanoberekwa mifananidzo uchidanana magamba pamwe mutizi mweya. Vane akazvimiririra, nzara rusununguko, Nokuzvidza uye mumamiriro ezvinhu okutambura kusingaperi navo.

vakasimba Danho

The yokuchinja inova rufu Pushkin. chiitiko ichi zvikuru anochinja basa Lermontov. Muchidimbu, unogona kutaura nayo mushoko rimwe - kupepuka.

Zvino Mikhail aiziva basa ravo somuprofita uye nyanduri. Kupisa mwoyo yavanhu rechiito. Ratidza voruzhinji mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo richikunda munharaunda yose Russian Empire.

Kuti izvi zvidaro, Lermontov anobva Caucasus uye kubva Kesari uye ake "evatsigiri". Free uye inopandukira mweya Nyanduri anodzivisa hwakapararira mamiriro ezvinhu. Zvakaitika ake, iye anoisa ari nhetembo "The Muporofita", "Kufirwa nyanduri", "Borodino", "Motherland" uye vamwe.

Yakanga pakupera upenyu anozvarwa "vehurumende" Lermontov. Photos of nyanduri kuCaucasus anoratidza kukangaidzika kwake, kusurukirwa, anoratidza kufungisisa uye akagamuchira basa.

Kusvikira rufu rwake, mudetembi hwapedyo pfungwa evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika zviri Pushkin, Belinsky, Chaadaev. Mubasa rake vakakura nguva zvinomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro kutapwa rudzi, dambudziko rudo, vachiedza kuti pfungwa nzvimbo nhetembo munhoroondo yevanhu.

The kweshoko hondo

Sezvo yapfuura isu akati, nhetembo kuti Lermontov zvapararira kwazvo nomukadzi motifs, pfungwa uye mifananidzo. Ishe Byron kuti simba iri kakomana akapona kwoupenyu hwose.

Wokutanga chaizvo Nhetembo M. Yu. Lermontova azadzwa heroism, kushaya halftones, kutambura kusakwana munyika chaiyo uye kunzwisiswa nyanduri wacho zvinangwa.

Kunyanya azere kwemanzwiro kuona vechidiki yakapfuura mumabasa matatu - "wakatapwa Knight", "The Musungwa" uye "nechikepe".

Ivo akatonga nzvimbo uye zvokufananidzira mifananidzo. Somuenzaniso, mu "nechikepe" Tinoona kuratidza yomunyika zviitiko mweya nyanduri anoedza ufananidzirepo kushandisa mudziyo muduku akarasika mugungwa.

Nhetembo "The Musungwa" anoratidza kwete kungogara Mumajeri Lermontov nokuti kupandukira "Kufirwa nyanduri." Kazhinji ichi ndicho jaya akafunga pamusoro nzvimbo yake Russian Empire pasi aivapo hwechiKomonisiti.

dingindira iri mberi mu "senhapwa Knight". Kwakanyorwawo kuchinzi ari mhedziso kuti vakatevera duel Barant. In basa rake kwatinoona zvishoma nezvishoma zvichiitika kunetsana Society uye munhu.

Saka, ndima dzakadai anoratidza unhinhi Lermontov kupa pasi kufurirwa pachena framework uye kokorodzano.

Zvaitika kumarudzi

Maererano vomuzuva, nhetembo Lermontov anoratidza zvakadzamisisa zvinotarisirwa kubva intelligentsia, iyo vakawanda kutya kunyange kufunga.

The chikuru chigadzirwa, iro zvakazara zvapararira nokuda kweshoko chokwadi uye kuvhiringidza pachena basa uye woumbwende, ari satire, kuti elegy "Duma". In kwayo Genre afanane nhetembo "Kufirwa nyanduri." Asi, kusiyana wokutanga, zviri vakapiswa ose vakadzidza, kwete kwamachinda dare.

Mikhail mitsetse ari detembo blames vakararama woumbwende uye yokupukunyuka enyika kurwira ramangwana riri nani. Panguva iyoyowo, mudetembi anovadana kuti mutsika uye pakunamata kuvandudzwa. pfungwa Lermontov kuti bindepinde zvakakwana Ryleeva pfungwa "mugari."

The vanotsoropodza nguva, sydäntä uye Belinsky, zvakangonaka yakagamuchirwa pakuonekwa basa. Ikoko vakaona kupfuura yakadzama kuratidza zvikonzero kunzwa vasingakendengi uye kusakendenga kutambudza vanhu vari thirties pakati rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore.

rutuna

Kufanana nevamwe nhetembo zhinji M. Yu. Lermontova, chokuita okupedzisira makore oupenyu, mabasa, "Munguva upenyu zvakaoma ..." "Ini kubuda ndoga munzira ..." uye "Uye kufinhikana uye kusuruvara" azadzwa nerunyararo uye kusuruvara.

Mudetembi ndaneta zvisingaperi uye musoro hondo vakararama munguva yake, avo vasingadi kunzwa inzwi rake uye kumuka kubva chinouraya kumbotsumwaira. Rechikepe uye tichishingaira hunhu jaya zvishoma nezvishoma rinopedza namaketani vanhu runonyengera uye gwara.

mutsetse mumwe nomumwe nhetembo pamusoro anopandukira chido kuputsa kubva keji, iyo Lermontov vakatenda hwake. Iye, kufanana ari kuyaruka makore okutanga, ichiri kutikanganisa zvazvo vakaberekwa zvachose munguva yakafanira.

Kufanana nevamwe Lermontov akawanda nhetembo, nhetembo iyi inobatanidzwa nharaunda uye manzwiro yomukati nemunyori. In mitatu yapfuura mabasa, tinoona husingaperi kusuruvara uye kusurukirwa murume akaisa upenyu pamusoro payo kumutsa chizvarwa, asi akaenda kunzwikwa.

Izvi yakakwirira unyanzvi

Kwete chete nhetembo Lermontov anoratidza munhu mira atinoitwa zviitiko thirties. Tenzi aigona kutaura dzakadzama pfungwa dzangu chete nomudzimai mashoko. mutsetse Chero anogona izere zvarinoreva zvakavanzika.

Kana ukaedza kuongorora vaviri mabasa ake ( "The Muprofita" uye "Mudetembi"), tichaona kusingaperi kurwadziwa kuti Runonzwika Mikhail. Wokutanga rakanyorwa mavhiki mashoma asati afa ari shasha. Unoratidza makumi maviri nemanomwe murume gamba iri muchimiro ose akasiyiwa uye kunzwisiswa muporofita. Avo kumanikidzwa kurarama murenje uye kutsungirira kusekwa kubva dzakamanikana navaFirisitia.

Basa rechipiri kunoratidzwa dzinoverengeka okufananidza dzinokatyamadza. Mairi munyori rinofananidza simba basa Nyanduri pamwe musimboti nezvokuvapo muhondo nemapanga pacharo. Pakutanga, apo ndakanga vachida payo, akabvarura tsamba uye vakashumira chinangwa chawo. After - iye chete chinhu goridhe toyi pasherefu rokuunganidza guruva.

wehurumende nzvimbo

Gare gare anoshanda M. Yu. Lermontova yakareba achitaura muiti wechokwadi mafungiro pazviitiko munharaunda, pane zvinopesana revanhu vanopandukira.

Saka, rinoratidza zvakajeka zvikuru nzvimbo yevagari nyanduri ari nhetembo akadai "Chisarai, asina kushambwa Russia", "Kufirwa mudetembi" uye "Kangani takapoteredzwa motley revanhu ...".

In navo tinoona vaidzvinyirirwa inovava uye hasha pamusoro maturo nzanga pakunamata. Kunyanya simba okupedzisira zvibereko kumusoro. It Lermontov zvinoratidza stale kunge Kesari uye navaranda vake seri zvifukidziro, naivo vanorota musha wavo mangwanani vaduku. detembo iri rakanyorwa pashure rokuenda New Year haradhi muSt Petersburg muchando 1840.

Akatiza uye akaurayiwa kuCaucasus pemakomo pakanyorwa gamba hwake pfupi uye inonetsa zvinoratidza kurega kunotanga venguva. Papera vatsoropodzi vakatsoropodza akachema pamusoro sei zvikuru mabhuku akarasika. Lermontov aiva makore makumi maviri nemanomwe kuti kudyara mbeu kupinda mweya paruzhinji yokupanduka, kurinhonga kubva sematongo pashure pokukundwa pakati Decembrists.

rudo

Mabasa M. Yu. Lermontova kwete chete kuratidza hondo munhu anozvikudza ndenga pamwe vanhu, gungwa dutu kana anoedzesera vazhinji. Mune dzimwe zvaakanyora tinosangana uye rudo nazvo. Zvisinei, pane hamuna kusiya muone pfungwa okuparadzwa uye tsaona kuti aiva nyanduri.

Saka, munyaya ino tiri kuziva matanho uye zvikuru pfungwa akaratidza mubasa nomunyori mukuru Russian.

Rombo rakanaka kwamuri, hama dzinodiwa!