Nvidia GeForce GTX 470: nokurondedzerwa, ongororo

NVIDIA kwave chaizvo kwenguva refu, yakadzama magadzirirwo mapurani kutsigira chakakodzera makwikwi kuti kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa. Saka, muna Ruzhinji rwakapindura nyaya anenge maviri kupedzerwa kambani kutama kubva munhevedzano kune chinotevera.

Kuti kusunungurwa GTX 470 Graphics makadhi akanonoka nokuti Developers dzakamanikidzwa zvakaoma zvokuti ironge mapurani, paiva nezvinetso kugadzirwa, pakupedzisira akasika Chip kwakanga kwakadaro kuti zvakawanda nenharo mukufamba basa ravo. Saka, ichitanga akaramba rinenge zvakangofanana, asi sezvo rapfuura kadhi aenda anenge makore maviri. Asi, zvakadaro, yakabudiswa kadhi GTX 470 pakutanga kumbozviti kunzi muzvigadzirwa mutungamiriri nguva yake. Hapana mubvunzo kuti vakanga vakadaro.

GeForce 400

Setsika, NVIDIA anopiwa panguva mbiri Graphics makadhi, iyo GTX 470 uye 480, asi chokutanga shanduro zvikuru chinoremedza vanoshandisa nhasi.

Nyanzvi pakarepo vakafunga nezvenyu uwandu transistors, iyo yaishandiswa Fermi. Tichishandisa parameter ichi inogona sananga kuudza rakanaka sei Chip itsva, nekuti yakanga kupfuura kaviri sezvo zvibereko sezvo zvichienzaniswa yapfuura flagship wekambani, uyewo imwe nehafu nguva kupfuura muna Cypress zvikuru ano, kuti munhu chaizvo, Izvi zvakanaka kwazvo.

Chokwadi, nhamba iyi zvinoratidzwa zvakananga nokupisa. In nedanho GTX 470 rakaitwa kushandisa 40-nm zvekushandisa mutoo, mauri musiyano iri chafariz rongedza, pamwe chete mano ndiye anenge kufanana musiyano kwenhamba transistors.

Technical zvinhu

Pakutanga, kwakasarudzwa kushandisa CUDA-512 processors, asi nokufamba kwenguva, sarudzo iyi kunoshandurwa, saka kuti nhamba yakanga zvishoma wakaderedzwa kuitira kuderedza kupisa nounzenza, uyewo kuwedzera zvibereko zvechokwadi kushanda Chips. Zvisinei, pakupedzisira kadhi vachava vachiri zvikuru zvinodhura kuti Ruzhinji rwakapindura vanoshandisa.

Strange chokwadi chaiva chokuti kuyeuka kakawanda kunyange zvikuru zvibereko muenzaniso duku kupfuura kukwikwidza mhinduro HD 5850. The zvachose kuyeuka bandwidth kupfuura GeForce GTX 470, asi nokuti kuti richishandiswa dzichimhanya machipisi, kupa mukana kwohumwe ayo kumhanyisa .

Sei haazvibati mumitambo?

Both mhando zvinosanganisira rutsigiro DirectX 11. Kana pamusika akatanga kuonekwa miti yakasvibira Graphics kadhi womuenzaniso, kwakanga anenge chinhu chii chaigona kuve kuidza nezvaanogona ose mudziyo uyu, asi pamwe nokubudiswa GeForce GTX 470 mamiriro ezvinhu haana kuchinja. Games kuti aigona kutsigira itsva API, vakanga oga zviitiko, asi nokufamba kwenguva, Chokwadi, wakabudiswa vazhinji zvakasiyana zvirongwa, idzo kushandisa vhidhiyo kadhi kwakadaro. Kunyange nhasi kushandiswa kwayo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuti ruzhinji mitambo, uye kana ichangobva usingagoni kuridzwa panguva kunonyanyisa zvinodiwa, svikiro, kana kanenge kushoma zvichava kuramba yakatsiga.

Senguva dzose, kambani akasarudza bheji muchifarira ramangwana optimizing rako NVIDIA GeForce GTX 470 kushanda mikana yakadaro akabayira pakupedzisira DirectX, uyewo mari ngwariro chaiyo GPGPU.

Mavakirwo Chip itsva

Mudziyo mutsva vaishandisa Chip ine mapurani idzva rinonzi GF100. Pakutanga, paiva nevamwe Misiyano nowakautangira, magadzirirwe zvinhu zvitsva hwakaramba scalar, saka kuti zvimwe zvausingakwanisi vaivapo. Zvishoma kwakachinja Zvinoumba vakawanda chinangwa processors, iyo kwakasarudzwa chokubatanidza ari kumbonyanya yakawanda inoperera. Muna GT200 mienzaniso zviumbu akadaro vainzi TPC, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo yaisanganisira nenhumbi dzose zvakafanira kuti aida kuva kana tichishanda Graphics, dzakakudzingai zvinogumbura rasterization. Mune ramangwana, kambani nokukurumidza akatanga kuita yakawanda Outlet shanduro NVIDIA GeForce GTX 470, apo akadaro kutigumbura vaiva kana vasingadiwi kana dzakachinjwa.

In neimwe anovhara vakadaro yapfuura womuenzaniso Chip chipo matatu SM (kudirana multiprocessors), uye vasere unaku zviyero uye wokutanga chechetere Maive 16 KB. Mune chezvakaipa itsva mano, akavapindurawo, mumwe Raster Engine rave kushandiswa, uye mana SM, mune imwe neimwe izvo chipo pachake cache uye unaku dzakabatana. Panguva iyoyo Chip, pane panguva zvidhinha mana mari ichipa inodzidzisa 32 pixels por wachi.

Streaming multiprocessors

Kana tikafunga mudziyo pachiyero SM, musiyano uri chaizvo chinokosha, kubva apo akasunungurwa kubva NVIDIA GTX 470, nyanzvi dzakawanda vataura kuti pane SM yakakura uye akazvimirira. Kare, chipo chizvarwa kadhi 8 SP, uyewo 2 SFU, asi ikozvino nokuwanda uye nhamba chakashanduka nazvo mune mudziyo mumwe aripo pamusoro 4 SFU, 32 CUDA Core, 16 uye Mitoro / Store dzakabatana.

Pose multiprocessors izvi parudzi rwechitatu paiva dzakawanda unaku processors uye akagovana ndangariro rinopa Hardware tessellation.

Nokuti kuti unaku processors, uyewo zvose kuMudzidzisi cache ndangariro multiprocessors kunge vakatamira mukati, kuti Developers vakakwanisa kuwana zvikuru zvokufambisa kushanda mano izvi. Zvakanga akasarudzawo akanyatsosiyana rework dzomunyika mavakirwo mano izvi, kuwedzera kakawanda basa ravo, pamwe katatu bhuku padanho ndangariro wechipiri ari kushingaira kushandiswa nedanho texturing.

zvakajairika ndangariro

Shared ndangariro yave zvasangana L1 cache, zvichiguma runoenzanirana ndangariro tigove zvakanaka kuparadzirwa, zvichienderana worudzii basa rinoitwa panguva mudziyo. Kare zvakafanana ndangariro zvaisanganisira chete 16 KB, zvisinei, panguva ino, zvichienderana norudzi basa, kuti midziyo achaita ugovere 64 KB okuyeuka. Kana panguva, vakawanda mumuviri kugarwa, ipapo 48 KB rokuyeuka kadhi GTX 470 anovapavhurira kuna L1. Kana zvakasiyana pezvakaitwa yakawanda nguva yokutsvaka mashoko chaiwo, kunochengetwa vaiudza ndangariro. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira kuti GPGPU ndiyewo katatu huwandu L2 Maive ari GTX 470. Product Magadzirirwo, saka zvakawanda vakaenda mberi tichienzanisa vakwikwidzi.

tessellation

Tessellation ndeimwe kiyi zviri kadhi Radeon HD 5000. Video kadhi NVIDIA GeForce GTX 470, akavapindurawo, nani pasi nokuda Implementation ose algorithm ichi.

The API DirectX 11, pane kutsigira vamwe "misha mepu" dziri textures vhoriyamu. Saka, Pixel nerimwe riri mufananidzo magadzirirwo, achasarudza kukwirira kwayo. unaku ichi rinoshandisirwa mutambo kuti mufananidzo hwakadzama.

Izvi apo anouya tessellation, riri akashongedzerwa ane GTX 470. Zvakaita algorithm kwakaratidza kuti yose wezvidimbu achiumbwa kubva chete nzvimbo. Michina iyi rinoshandiswa pasinei misha mepu, asi zvikuru hunoshamisa Migumisiro zvinogona kuwanika chete kana vari kushandiswa pamwechete. Misoro nokuumba polygons achaburuka kana achikwira mumwe pakakwirira, kuunza hurongwa kuti muenzaniso hwakarayirwa parutivi kadhi mukamuri.

Ndezvipi zvakanakira?

Kutaura zvazviri, muenzaniso inotengwa zvachose kufanana kuti mureza mukuru Poly, vasingateereri panguva imwecheteyo, pasi Poly, t. To. It vachapa zvakarurama pfungwa uye nomumvuri nemazvo, vachipedza saka murayiro zvose zvikuru zvishoma zvinhu.

Nemamwe mashoko, NVIDIA GTX 470 unhu hwakadaro kuti anogona kukurumidza Takudzai muenzaniso ndangariro makadhi, ukuwo pashure havazofaniri kutakura kubuda vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa zvivako nevamwe kwevari zvakadzama, chii chaiva chokwadi kuti rapfuura chizvarwa mano. pezvakaitwa All yaitwa kutendeuka zvakananga mukati kadhi panguva dzakasiyana-siyana pachishandiswa anopa zvikuru scalability. Zvichienderana kuvapo vanotombozvidya kadambari simba achava pedyo misha mepu neumwe zvakarurama, izvo chaizvo zvinokosha panyaya geometric waivako GTX 470. User wongororo zvinoratidza kuti mabikirwo yekudyidzana anovandudza zvinonyatsorehwa chokupika kombiyuta panguva aurayiwe kunzwisisa Graphics pezvakaitwa.

Chii vanozvishandisa vachiti?

Feedback kubva vanoshandisa, kunatsurudza kombiyuta yako kugadzwa akatsanangura mepu inoratidza kuti mushure ndiwedzere zvaibvira kuisa zvose mumitambo kunonyanyisa pazviruva. Game haana yakadonha, hapana mabhureki havana kuchengetwa.

Chokwadi, mhinduro idzi yo 2010-2012, panguva kadhi haasisina inopa muridzi yakadai haaperi kuita. Asi panguva iyoyo zvemichina akaita akakwakuka mberi, uye uende uine mitambo iyi, iyo ine Graphics kadhi yakadaro kunogona chete kuridzwa pamusoro shoma pazviruva.

3D Vision

3D Michina nhasi vakagamuchira kwakapararira zvikuru, kubvira materevhizheni uye monitors kupera. Kunyange kambani AMD kare okudenha pachake magirazi ayo, uyewo yakakodzera software, izvo anobvumira vhidhiyo kadhi mugadziri kuratidza yepamusoro stereoscopic mifananidzo.

The GeForce GTX 470 zvinhu zvinosanganisirawo kukwanisa kushandisa michina iyi, uye pasinei nokuti ine chinokosha unongotaura tikwanise kubata Gameplay kana firimu vari yakatosiyana.

The yose yakatarwa zvekushandisa inopiwa mavhidhiyo makadhi siyana uye API, zvakaoma zvakakwana kudzidza kuti dzisiri dzemazuva vanoshandisa uye nokudaro ari kuonekwa zvachose asingabatsiri kana hapana kurishandisa. Chikonzero ichi kuti NVIDIA rave akasikwa yoga kupesana kuti anoshanda ano mutambo Developers. Chokwadi, pfungwa dzose dzakapiwa anobudirira zvikuru zvokuvaka, iyo hwakagadzwa pamwe kungoreva kunobatsira, nekuti pakupedzisira mutambo pachayo yava zvikuru nokukurumidza uye yakanaka iri chiitiko kuti yava yakatanga rokushandisa kombiyuta ine kadhi iri.

kutonhora hurongwa

Kuti pave nechokwadi zvakakwana kutonhora, kadhi kambani akakudziridza unyanzvi hwakasiyana unotonhorera, inova chimwe chezvinhu simba pakati bhuku mienzaniso yakafanana. mudziyo akagadzirirwa muchimiro mwero turbine, asi ane zvinhu shoma kuti anokodzerwa zvachose vainyatsotarisirwa.

Sezvo hurongwa hwaro kubva zvokuimba chassis ane mapurasitiki butiro ndaisa. Kuburikidza specialized chafariz anoputsa, kupisa kwakaita panguva nokushanda kuyeuka chips subsystems, ari chakasvitswa pamatanda. Kubva GF 100, kupisa chinobviswa tichibatsirwa dzinokosha mapaipi kupisa shanu kuti vapinde neVadzidzi Chip zvakananga.

Direct kuonana Zvikwepa kupisa Chip inowanzoshandiswa kutonhora hurongwa, processors, uye izvozvo hurongwa haagoni kunzi pachena zvikuru kupfuura mureza. Asi izvi zvinonzi, kana yakatanga, kuti GeForce GTX 470, pasi Developers ndaripa ngwariro chaiyo kutonhora hurongwa.