Bolshekhekhtsirsky kuchengeterwa: Photo uye tsananguro

Nyaya rinotaura pamusoro mumwe tsvene kuFar East. Bolshekhekhtsirsky kuchengeterwa, pasinei kwayo huri mwero kukura, inozivikanwa kwayo zvipenyu zvikuru.

History chokusika

The yokugara wokutanga munharaunda ino kuchengeterwa akazviratidza panguva Bookmarks guta Khabarovsk (dzinenge 1858). Zvinonzi munzvimbo Cirka River. Mukutanga ramakumi remakore pakanga ndichibvunza kuvandudzika zviwanikwa Big Khekhtsir. Panguva iyo kwaiva kutema midziyo oparesheni uye vakava operative dzokubudisa kuti tara uye madota zvinomera. Ndichibvunza basa Kugadzirwa zviwanikwa kwakaita kuti chokwadi kuti irreversibly zvakachinja serakavakwa kuFar East nyika. Naizvozvo pane chikonzero zviyero kuti kuchengetedza zvimwe zvakasikwa gadziriro.

Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, muna 1946 Khekhtsir akanzi kuchengeterwa vomunharaunda kukosha. Pamberi pake pakanga paine dambudziko Kuchengetedzwa mhuka pangozi uye isingawanzowanikwi.

A Bolshekhekhtsirsky National Park munharaunda vanopfuura 46 000 hectares akasikwa 1963. Kwemakore akawanda akanga pasi madhipatimendi siyana, uye chete muna 1976 nayo akawana mamiriro yakazvimirira sangano.

Chinangwa pakusikwa kuchengeterwa Bolshekhekhtsirsky - kuchengetedza siyana mhuka rwakapoteredza zviwanikwa. Zviri mukati kuwanda Khekhtsir Large, hazvina kure Khabarovsk. Naizvozvo, kuwana kuchengeterwa hakusi nyore.

Pakutanga, nzvimbo idzi akaronga kumisa munhu National Park. Zvisinei, gare gare Zvakazoitika kuti nharaunda kunokosha zvikuru, asi nekuda dzakachengetedzwa nzvimbo akagamuchira mamiriro Reserve.

nzvimbo

State dondo kuchengeterwa iri muna Khabarovsk nharaunda, chaipo ari kumaodzanyemba Khabarovsk Territory, 20 chete kubva muguta.

Mundima kuchengeterwa chinofukidza kumucheto kwete chete nomuzongoza of Grand Khekhtsir, asiwo pedyo Piedmont zvishwe. Kumaodzanyemba Chikamu iri nomumachakwi pamapani. Kuchengetera kunosanganisirawo munyika floodplain of Ussuri River.

On Ndima yayo pane mezvikomo, mapani uye munzvimbo dzine makomo. The yakakwirira - Mount Big Khekhtsir. From North kuna South Park kunosvika 25 makiromita uye 34 - kubva kumavirira kusvikira kumabvazuva. In rwezasi, muganhu ndima dzaidzidziswa Teal River uye kumavirira ndiwo muganhu prc they pamusoro Ussuri rwizi. Asi kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva uye kumabvazuva kuchengeterwa muganhu weChicago Khabarovsk.

howa kusiyana

To yeparutivi dzinoratidzwa siyana kwemarudzi, izvo inozivikanwa munyika kuFar East. On a nzvimbo zviduku vatsvakurudzi hwakanyorwa 1017 mhando yepamusoro zvinomera, 148 lichens, 218 mosses, 825 notumwe, 222 eshiri, 8 zvinokambaira uye 50 mhuka. An dzinonakidza ndechokuti ari kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo pane kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe utachiona hurongwa, izvo chinoita siyana kudaro.

Nature chengetedza

Bolshekhekhtsirsky Park chinokushamisa pamwe fauna of ayo. Pano unogona kuona zvakasiyana-siyana zvinomera uye miti ine noshamisa mubatanidzwa kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba siyana. Flora zvinosanganisira 755 mhando vascular zvirimwa. Panguva kunyatsodzidza dzakawanda zvipenyu izvi zvawanikwa nenyanzvi nendima, izvo kazhinji hazvisi zvinowanzoitika kuti nharaunda. Pakati pavo: Ussuri akasimuka, Violet Mühldorf, mahabhurosi Komarova, Buryat Viburnum, uye vamwe vakawanda. Uyezve, pano pane mhando dzakawanda dzemhuri Rosaceae. Ivo vose vakasiyana chimiro, ruvara uye kuravira. Nakisisa ukoshi nokuti Breeders miti yemichero mhuka nokuti nhaka ehupfumi zvinokosha zvakadai ruggedness, kuramba nechando, kuzvidzivirira kune zvipukanana uye zvirwere.

Reserve mvura miviri inokura isingawanzowanikwi chirimwa - brazeniya Schreber, riri kunyorwa muna Red Book.

akadzivirira masango

Bolshekhekhtsirsky kuchengeterwa 91% akafukidzwa dondo. Hunodzorwa emisidhari, spruce, larch, Birch, Aspen, dota uye nemiouki miti. Makore makumi mashanu shingirira kutema uye moto zvakakonzera kuti masango coniferous vave vagovane uye hardwood ukuwo, vakawedzera. Kunyanya yakawanda nemiouki masango vakava, Aspen, belobereznikov. On the Big Khekhtsir vari munyika dzine mbiri: spruce yemisipiresi nedanda broadleaf.

Pamapani ari yeparutivi hunodzorwa masango Deciduous. Nokuda watemwa kwenzvimbo mumakore 50 yave yakaderera nezvikamu 30%. Panzvimbo yavo akazviratidza they, alder, Birch uye Aspen. Also kuumbwa kuti nemiouki uye mupaini masango. Uyezve, vanhuwo Maple, Linden uye Birch, Dahurian Amur. On nokumapani nzvimbo dzaitongwa the willow uye alder.

Bolshekhekhtsirsky chengetedza: Animals

Fuma iyo vemunzvimbo Zvinosanganisira kwete chete zvinomera. Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve ane zvishoma siyana mhuka nyika. Nokuda kwemapazi maviri nzizi huru Far East, nzvimbo yaro iri riri pamharadzano dzenzira yokutama pakutengeserana yemhuka.

A chinokosha kurasikirwa iri mhuka nyika kumucheto yakanga kunyangarika kwakakwana Tigers, amborarama mundima idzi. Asi vanhu Sable, kare kuparadzwa, zvino vava kukwanisa kudzorera.

Kubva nemakonzo maduku upenyu kumabvazuva pano vole, munda negonzo, vachena gonzo. On musango-kumafuro munzvimbo asangana Amur tyoni. Pakati hoofed mhuka inogona kusangana nemharapara nondo, tsvuku nondo, mhuka musii. Uyezve, Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve (Khabarovsk nharaunda) inogarwa pazvikara: makava, raccoon imbwa, chamatebwe. Uye pamapani Khekhtsir anogona kunyange kusangana mapere. Teal kurwizi uye vabati vechibharo ayo inogarwa otters. In kumabvazuva kuchengeterwa nguva kuona kungoda Siberian dondo katsi. Uyewo mumasango kuchiratidzwa mashava uye dema nebere. Laconic mufananidzo Bolshekhekhtsirsky kuchengeterwa ine nebere mufananidzo pamusoro pakanyorwa kumakomo. chiratidzo ichi refu kubva kuva chiratidzo sangano.

Vanhuwo Vagari masango vari kubhururuka squirrels, Chipmunks. No zvishoma siyana uye nyika shiri. Pakati zvisingawanzoitiki eshiri zvinofanira kuitwa gondo chena-tailed. Asi nhamba isingawanzowanikwi Mandarin wakachengetwa mudanga pamwero. Kukwezva Reserve anogona kunzi paradhiso flycatcher. Munzvimbo yakadzivirirwa inogarwa yero-throated bunting, warbler, korotkohvostki, matanda thrushes, nightingales-whistlers.

Panguva foothill munzvimbo uye kukangaidza vazhinji nezvinokambaira nokugaramo. Pano anosangana kuti Amur mumhanyi, kumabvazuva cottonmouth, trionychia. Chinonyanya zhinji amphibians - zvakajairika buruuru, datya Far East, muti datya.

basa nesayenzi

Rudzii yebasa rinoitwa Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve? Kuti unodzivirirwa mundima yacho? All zvinhu iri munzvimbo yacho kuchengeterwa, pasi pokudzora nomudonzvo, akasangana neboka nhamba matambudziko, pakati pavo pakutanga ndiye kudzivirirwa uye enhancement aripo Fund. Asi usakanganwa kuti zvesayenzi madhipatimendi mutoro vachiongorora mamiriro kasvisto, miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, dondo rabha. The Data vakawana vari zvichienzaniswa nemakore yaivapo ive yakakwana tinyatsonzwisisa basa rinoitwa. Vose yakanyorwa muNhoroondo hwezvisikwa. Kuita vashandi vavo vari kuramba kuita munda zvaakacherechedza. Pari, vashandi vakanyorwa 2850 marudzi nezvipembenene. koridal - Uyezve, mumwe mumiririri chisingawanzowaniki pamusoro zvipembenene nyika mukudenga. Yenhau Nature kwakatangwa vashandi muna 1964, inoitwa zvikamu: kwakaita nzvimbo yacho uye ivhu, okunze uye mamiriro okunze, karenda hunhu, mvura, nyika, mhuka uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, zvinomera uye kasvisto. In izvi kunzvimbo dzose, basa riri kuitwa uye dura vashandi panguva.

zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nzira

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Bolshekhekhtsirsky Reserve (magwaro anopiwa munyaya) iri yaita kwesayenzi uye kuchengetedza basa kwete chete, asi Rinorongawo hunonakidza vanofamba munzira zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nzira kuchengetedzwa dondo. Muawa imwe, kuti vashanyi vari 0,6 makiromita kubva mutungamiriri uye kudzidza zvinofadza zvine chokuita miti nemhuka nharaunda. Vaenzi mukana kuona isingawanzowanikwi zvirimwa. Asi kuti tichingamidze mhuka angangotadza vabudirire, nekuti ivo mararamiro zvikuru zvakavanzika uye muitiro kudzivisa kusangana vanhu.

Munguva kufamba, vashanyi kukushanyira pamhenderekedzo Amur migero, vane mukana kuona uye atevere muganhu Khekhtsir kugova nharaunda pakati masimba maviri - China uye Russia. Kana muchida kushanyira kuchengeterwa, zvakakosha kuziva kuti basa pano mushanyi centre rinonzi "Khekhtsir". Rinopa pekugara muna muenzi mumba.

Maererano vashanyi, unofanira zvachose vanoshanyira kuchengeterwa muone nzvimbo yaro yakasiyana. Uye chitarisiko tourist muzinda mundima yayo zvinopa mukana kuva kwevhiki mukuru pamakumbo zviriko wakanaka musango.

The kuchengeterwa chinhu kuona. In uye chirimo unogona kuona shiri zhinji uye kuzvinzwa nokuimba. Vamiririri vakawanda vomunharaunda nzvimbo shiri dziri endemic.

Sei kuti chengetedza?

The kuchengeterwa riri pedyo Khabarovsk. Asati kwokubatsira guta ingasvikwa nebhazi nhamba 7. A kundima kufamba tekisi nhamba 109 kumusha Korfovsky, uye ipapo kusvika netsoka. Munokwanisa kutora bhazi nhamba 107 uye kuwana vari Kazakevichevo musha.

Pamusuo Reserve hakubvumidzwi kuvatorwa. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti zviri zvikuru hazvibviri kupinda. Ani akafadza kufamba zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nzira uye kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemhuka omunharaunda uye zvinomera.

Museum zvakasikwa

Mukati kuchengeterwa ndiko kushanda Museum of Nature. Tsvimbo-vatungamiriri vashanyi pamwe zvikuru kujairika uye zvinofadza vamiriri zivisa mashoko Ussuri taiga. Ari miziyamu unogona kuona hunoshamisa zvinoratidza - Khekhtsir zvicherwa, zvisaririra zvemhuka uye muunganidzwa tumbuyu, nyaya yepakutanga kubva dzinongoitika zvinhu. Groups evashanyi vane mukana kushandisa kuti kushanya kune kuchengeterwa, sezvo vakasununguka kuenda kundima haisi.

Security nzvimbo

Kuti aite zvakatipoteredza mashandiro anoita nharaunda akavharwa kuvanhu. All dzinongoitika zvinhu zviri pasi pokudzora nevatsvakurudzi. Asi panguva imwe chete, yenhandaro yaitwa pachine runovabvumira kushanyira kudzivirirwa nyika akaronga mapoka nokuda risati urongwa. Strict custodial anotonga chokuita kwete chete kudzivirirwa munzvimbo nemhuka, asiwo napedyo kusvikira Chinese kumuganhu.